SMA Mixture Design Requirements: Alexander W. (Sandy) Brown, P.Eng

SMA Mixture Design Requirements
Alexander W. (Sandy) Brown, P.Eng.

Ontario Hot Mix Producers Association - Technical Director Asphalt Institute - Canadian Field Engineer
www.ohmpa.org
ASPHALT INSTITUTE
Overview
Introduction What is SMA? Mixture Properties Mix Production Applications for SMA SMA Concerns
November 2006
Definitions
Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is hot mix asphalt consisting of two parts; a coarse aggregate skeleton and an asphalt binder rich mortar. The mixture has an aggregate skeleton with coarse aggregate stone-on-stone contact.
November 2006
Definitions
Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mortar means a mixture of asphalt cement (and any additives), filler (all material passing the 75 m sieve from the dry sieving of all aggregate components including any commercial filler) and fibres blended by volume.
November 2006
Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)
Introduction
What is Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)?
SMA is a gap graded rut resistant hot mix asphalt Mix is composed of:

High Quality Aggregates Asphalt Rich Mortar Mineral Filler Cellulose Fibres
November 2006
Introduction
Key Benefits of SMA

Rut Resistant Mix Very High Skid Resistance Reduced Water Spray Noise Reduction Durable Mix
November 2006
Mixture Properties
Governing Specifications
AASHTO MP 8-051 Standard Specification for Designing Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) MTO OPSS 1151 (Nov. 2004) Material Specification for Superpave and Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures
November 2006
Mixture Properties
Ontario Mix Design Procedures
CCIL Certified Type A or AMRL or equivalent certified laboratory 4 point mix design Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) Ndesign of 100 gyrations Detailed mix design submission
Job Mix Formula (JMF)
November 2006
Gradation Envelope
Sieve
19.0 mm 12.5 mm 9.5 mm 4.75 mm 2.36 mm 75 m
SMA 12.5 mm
100 90 99 50 85 28 40 16 28 8 11
SP 12.5 mm FC1
100 90 100
45 60 28 58 2 10
Mix Properties
Design Parameter Air Voids % Design Criteria 4.0 17 Minimum Less than VCA
DRC
Voids in Mineral Aggregate, VMA %

VCAmix %
Tensile Strength Ratio %

Draindown %
70 Minimum
0.3 Maximum
Air Voids
Laboratory compaction by use of Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC)
Voids in Coarse Aggregate of Mix, VCA
MIX
Specification: Less than VCA DRC VCA MIX: The volume in between the coarse aggregate particles. This volume includes filler, fine aggregate, air voids, asphalt binder, and fibre. VCA DRC: The volume in between the coarse aggregate particles of the final job mix formula in a dry rodded condition.
November 2006
13
Voids in Coarse Aggregate of Mix, VCA MIX
VCA
MIX
<= VCA
DRC
to give the SMA Stone on
Stone Contact
This allows the coarse aggregate skeleton to transfer the traffic loads
November 2006
14
Tensile Strength Ratio, TSR
Specification: 70% Minimum Checks the moisture susceptibility of the asphalt mixture Two acceptable test procedures:

Tensile Strength Ratio, AASHTO T283 Retained Stability, LS-283
November 2006
15
Tensile Strength Ratio, TSR
Draindown
Specification: 0.3% Maximum Tested at production temperature of asphalt mixture for 1 hour Mass of asphalt mortar that has drained from total asphalt mass is determined and expressed as percent of total mass of the original sample
November 2006
17
Draindown
Asphalt Mortar
Asphalt Cement, Mineral Filler, Fibres Provides coating of coarse aggregate skeleton to:

Protect from moisture and environment Bind the aggregate particles together
November 2006
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Mix Production
SMA can be produced in either batch or drum plants The production of SMA is better geared to large tonnage projects Consistent aggregate gradations are critical for SMA production
Bailey method 2% change in PCS results in 1% change in voids
November 2006
20
Mix Production
Production rates of SMA are based on plant layout:

2 cold feed bins for CA, 1 for FA Mineral filler will need to be imported AC content is high schedule deliveries to keep up with production Method of fibre addition

Bagged fibres by hand Air blown fibres Pelletized fibres
November 2006
21
Fibre Addition by Hand
Applications for SMA
MTO Directive PHY-C-016, The Use of Surface

Course Types on Provincial Highways, July 2002
SMA is warranted when: ESALS / design lane / year exceeds 3 million DFC or SP 12.5 FC2 is for 1 to 3 million
Some Municipalities use SMA
November 2006
23
Concerns
Durability of coarse aggregate

LA abrasion < 30 ? May be too high for some brittle aggregate VMA collapse AC content too high Low initial skid resistance
Bridging over of voids

November 2006
24
Thank You
Any Questions?
www.ohmpa.org
ASPHALT INSTITUTE

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SMA Mixture Design Requirements

Alexander W. (Sandy) Brown, P.Eng.

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)

What is Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)?

Key Benefits of SMA

Ontario Mix Design Procedures

Job Mix Formula (JMF)

Voids in Mineral Aggregate, VMA %

Tensile Strength Ratio %

Laboratory compaction by use of Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC)

Voids in Coarse Aggregate of Mix, VCA

Voids in Coarse Aggregate of Mix, VCA MIX

to give the SMA Stone on

Tensile Strength Ratio, TSR

Tensile Strength Ratio, AASHTO T283 Retained Stability, LS-283

Tensile Strength Ratio, TSR

Bailey method 2% change in PCS results in 1% change in voids

Production rates of SMA are based on plant layout:

Bagged fibres by hand Air blown fibres Pelletized fibres

Fibre Addition by Hand

Applications for SMA

MTO Directive PHY-C-016, The Use of Surface

Some Municipalities use SMA

Durability of coarse aggregate

Bridging over of voids

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)

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