The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS) and its applications. It provides details on how GPS works including its segments - space, control, and user. The space segment consists of 24 satellites in six orbital planes. GPS uses triangulation from space satellites to determine position. Receivers come in different forms from handheld to surveying types and can accurately determine position to within meters. Applications of GPS include mapping, surveying, cellular phone location, aviation, marine navigation, military uses, vehicle tracking, plate tectonics monitoring, and structural deformation monitoring of large engineering projects.
The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS) and its applications. It provides details on how GPS works including its segments - space, control, and user. The space segment consists of 24 satellites in six orbital planes. GPS uses triangulation from space satellites to determine position. Receivers come in different forms from handheld to surveying types and can accurately determine position to within meters. Applications of GPS include mapping, surveying, cellular phone location, aviation, marine navigation, military uses, vehicle tracking, plate tectonics monitoring, and structural deformation monitoring of large engineering projects.
The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS) and its applications. It provides details on how GPS works including its segments - space, control, and user. The space segment consists of 24 satellites in six orbital planes. GPS uses triangulation from space satellites to determine position. Receivers come in different forms from handheld to surveying types and can accurately determine position to within meters. Applications of GPS include mapping, surveying, cellular phone location, aviation, marine navigation, military uses, vehicle tracking, plate tectonics monitoring, and structural deformation monitoring of large engineering projects.
The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS) and its applications. It provides details on how GPS works including its segments - space, control, and user. The space segment consists of 24 satellites in six orbital planes. GPS uses triangulation from space satellites to determine position. Receivers come in different forms from handheld to surveying types and can accurately determine position to within meters. Applications of GPS include mapping, surveying, cellular phone location, aviation, marine navigation, military uses, vehicle tracking, plate tectonics monitoring, and structural deformation monitoring of large engineering projects.
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1
The Global Positioning System
& Its Applications
2 Realization of GPS Geodesy (Dividing the Earth): Science of Measurements Related to the Earth. Includes determination of the Size, Shape, Gravity Field of Earth. Accurate mapping of the Earths Surface. Monitoring the Rotation of the Earth. Monitoring the Crustal Motions. Groundbased and Space-based Observation Techniques for accomplishing these tasks. GPS is a Space Geodetic Technique. NAVSTAR GPS SATELLITE-BASED RADIO NAVIGATION SYSTEM - RECORDING FACILITY - CONTINUOUS SIGNAL NAVIGATION POSITIONING PRECISE TIME - WORLD-WIDE COVERAGE - ALL WEATHER OPERATION - NO LINE OF SIGHT REQUIREMENT 4 GPS SEGMENTS Colorado Springs Space Segment User Segment Control Segment 5 THE NAVSTAR OPERATIONAL CONSTELLATION Global Coverage Min. 4 Sat. in View 12 hour Circular orbit Altitude 20200 km Orbits Inclined @ 55 0 All Weather Operation
24 Satellites in 6 Planes 6 CONTROL SEGMENT Consists of monitor stations, ground antennas and the coordinating Master Control Station (or MCS).
7 USER SEGMENT INCLUDES GPS RECEIVERS Classification BASED ON CHANNELS: - Single Channel Receivers - Multi-Channel Receivers: 4, 12, 36
8 BASED ON FREQUENCIES * Single frequency Receivers * Dual Frequency Receivers
RANGE - Cost: US$ 15 to US$ 500,000 - Size: 3 mm to few metres - Accuracy: mm-level to 30 m-level 9 GEODETIC TYPE ANTENNA AND RECEIVER MAPPING TYPE ANTENNA AND RECEIVER HAND HELD RECEIVER 10 Different from Normal Triangulation
GPS is triangulation from space PRINCIPLE OF POSITIONING WITH GPS Known Station Unknown Station 11 PRINCIPLE OF POSITIONING WITH GPS R 1 = [(X S - X) 2 + (Y S - Y) 2 + (Z S - Z) 2 ] 1/2 = C (t R - t t ) Pseudo Range: PR1= R1+ C t R , t R: clock error S1 S2 S3 S4 P ( X,Y,Z) R 1
t t
t R
(Xs,Ys,Zs) 12 GPS PRODUCTS STATION POSITION / VELOCITY: - X, Y, Z - LAT, LONG, HEIGHT - EASTING, NORTHING, HEIGHT
OTHER PARAMETERS: - ORBIT - CLOCK CORRECTIONS, EARTH ROTATION PARAMETERS, ATMOSPHERIC MODEL PARAMETERS, ETC. 13 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) GPS (USA)
GLONASS (RUSSIA)
GALILEO (EUROPE) 14 GPS & GLONASS 15 Some General Applications: Surveying and Mapping Land Survey Marine Survey Geographic Information Systems Mapping Seismology Precise Positioning 16 Surveying and Mapping: GPS Applications Scientific / Academic Research 17 Surveying and Mapping: GPS Applications Permanent Monitoring 18 Surveying and Mapping: GPS Applications Semi-Permanent Base 19 Cellular Communications 20 GPS in Cellular Phones Bell and Telus (1xRTT) Motorola V120c Samsung Kyocera AudioVox Sony Ericsson T608 Rogers (GPRS) Sony Ericsson T616 (Bluetooth)
21 Avionics General Aviation Commercial Aviation Air Force Aviation
24 Tracking and Communications Tracking Systems Public Transit Automatic Vehicle Location and Dispatch Public Safety
25 Plate Motions Estimated from IGS Stations Global Velocities Global Velocities of the IGS stations 26 27 Geodetic monitoring of large Engineering structures Komtar building (Malaysia) Hoover Dam (California) Three Gorges Dam (China) Koyna Dam
28 TRIMBLE 5700 with Zephyr Geodetic Antenna TRIMBLE 4000SSi with Choke Ring Antenna GPS Data Collection (Continued)