NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS

College of Science
University of the Philippines
Diliman, Quezon City


Course

PHYSICS 73 (ELEMENTARY PHYSICS III)

Credit Units

4 units

Course Description

Fundamentals of thermodynamics, relativity, quantum mechanics, and elementary particles

Prereq, Coreq

Physics 72, Math 54
References

UNIVERSITY PHYSICS, 11
th
Edition by Young and Freedman
PHYSICS for Scientist and Engineers, 4
th
Edition by Paul Tipler
PHYSICS, 5
th
Edition by David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Kenneth Krane.
CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS, 8
th
Edition by Paul Hewitt
NONCLASSICAL PHYSICS: Beyond Newtons View by Randy Harris


Course Goal


The course aims to develop the students physical intuition and ability to systematically solve a wide variety of
problems on the fundamentals of thermodynamics, relativity, quantum mechanics, and elementary particles.

3 Long Examinations 60 %
Final Examination 20 %
Recitation Grade 10 %
Course
Requirements
Lecture Grade (i.e. Attendance/Quiz) 10 %
Teacher

Name:
Faculty Room:
Consultation Schedule:
Email:

UVLE Website http://uvle.upd.edu.ph (browse through the Physics 73 group)

COURSE POLICIES:
1. The three (3) long exams and the final exam are all departmental and to be taken at the
scheduled date and time. There is NO exemption in the final exam.
2. You should have an ID before the first long exam. Physics 73 maintains a NO ID NO
EXAM policy.
3. In case of one (1) missed long examfor a valid reason, the score that the student got for the
final exam will be used as the score for the missed long exam. (Submit your medical
certificate on the following class meeting.)
4. There is NO makeup for the final exam. A student who misses the final examwill be given a
grade of incomplete (INC) provided that (a) the student missed the examdue to a valid
reason, and (b) the students class standing excluding the final examis passing (i.e, pre-final
grade is 40% or better). If the student gets lower than 40%, automatically he/she gets a grade
of 5.0 [1]. Completion period is within one year. For completion, the student has to take the
final exam the next semester. Completion grade will be computed based on the class record
for the enrolled termand the final examscore. This means that a numerical grade of 1.0 to
5.0 is possible.
5. A grade of 4.0 means conditional and that you will have to take the removal examwithin a year.
6. As per university rule, a students absences should not exceed 12 meetings (recitation class included). If violated, the instructor will give
a zero lecture grade (i.e. zero out of 10%).
7. There is NO FORCED DROP. The lecturer will only give the student a grade of DRP upon receiving the processed dropping or Leave of
Absence (LOA) form. Otherwise, a grade of 5.0 is given.
8. The deadline for dropping is on September 6, 2007 (Thursday) and for filing LOA is on September 20, 2007 (Thursday). A student
granted an LOA will only be given a grade of either DRP or 5.0. A grade of 5.0 is given if the LOA is granted after of the semester
has lapsed and the student's class standing is failing; otherwise a grade of DRP is given.
9. Cheating is punishable by expulsion fromthe University.


Grading System
grade(%) 90.00 1.0
90.00 >grade(%) 85.00 1.25
85.00 >grade(%) 80.00 1.5
80.00 >grade(%) 75.00 1.75
75.00 >grade(%) 70.00 2.0
70.00 >grade(%) 65.00 2.25
65.00 >grade(%) 60.00 2.5
60.00 >grade(%) 55.00 2.75
55.00 >grade(%) 50.00 3.0
50.00 >grade(%) 45.00 4.0
45.00 >grade(%) 5.0
2

COURSE COVERAGE

CHAPTER 17: TEMPERATURE AND HEAT
Approx
Time
Objectives
After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:

Topics
1 hour

Describe how temperature as a physical quantity is measured.
Explain what is thermal equilibriumand how it is determined physically.
Illustrate how the zeroth law is used to define temperature and design temperature scales.
Relate thermometric property with a temperature scales as well as the limitations of various
scales.
Mathematically and physically describe the relationship of various scales.

Zeroth Law of
Thermodynamics

Temperature
Measurement
1 hour

Describe a simple model for the linear and bulk expansion of objects upon absorption of heat.
Calculate for the expansion of solids due to changes in temperature.

Thermal Expansion
1 hour

Mathematically and physically describe what heat capacity is.
Solve for heat required/released for a system to change from one state to the other.

Heat and Heat Capacity

Calorimetry
1 hour

Enumerate and differentiate the three ways thermal energy may be transferred.
Describe emissivity and blackbodies.
Solve for heat current in conduction and radiation.

Mechanisms of Heat
Transfer

CHAPTER 18: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Approx
Time
Objectives
After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:
Topics
2 hours

Define what a thermodynamic state is in relation to equilibrium.
Explain the significance of a quasi-static process.
Differentiate between the macro- and microstates.
Describe what an ideal gas is (i.e. enumerate its properties and provide the defining equation of
state).
Compute for a thermodynamic variable given others quantities.
Describe a more realistic model of gas.
Cite consequences of Van der Waals equation in the properties of the gas.

Equations of State

Ideal Gas equation

Van der Waals equation
(reading assignment)
1 hour

Account for the microscopic origins of the various thermodynamic variables.
Enumerate the assumptions of kinetic model of an ideal gas.
Mathematically relate macroscopic variables of an ideal gas with microscopic ones.

Kinetic Theory of
Gases
1 hour

Differentiate the heat capacities of an ideal gas for the various processes.
Illustrate how the heat capacity of a solid is calculated using the equipartition theorem.
Discuss failure of equipartition theorem.
Heat Capacity of Gases

Dulong-Petit Law

Phases of Matter
(reading assignment)
3
Calculate for the internal energy of an ideal gas using the equipartition theorem.
Discuss significance and limitation of equipartition theorem.
Illustrate the use of phase diagrams to describe physical state of substances.


CHAPTER 19: THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
Approx
Time
Objectives
After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:
Topics
1 hour

Define a thermodynamic systemfor a given physical set-up and describe the type of boundary.
Identify the system-environment interactions from the boundary.
Interpret PV diagrams of a thermodynamic process.
Compute the work done using PV diagrams.

Thermodynamic
Systems

Work Done During
Volume Changes
2 hours

Explain mathematical and physical significance of internal energy as a state function.
Solve for thermodynamic quantities using the conservation of energy.
Differentiate the following basic thermodynamic processes: isochoric, isobaric, isothermal,
adiabatic and a cyclic process.
Write down the first law equations for the said processes.
Differentiate heat capacities of an ideal gas for various processes.
Solve for the change in internal energy, work and heat transferred for the said processes.
Solve for the thermodynamic variables of one state given the thermodynamic variables of
another state.

First Law of
Thermodynamics

Internal Energy as State
Function

Thermodynamic
Processes

Internal Energy of an
Ideal Gas

CHAPTER 20: THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
Approx
Time
Objectives
After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:
Topics
1 hour

Describe the operation of an actual engine (esp. Otto engine).
Develop and describe a cyclic process (esp. the Otto process) representing such an engine.
Illustrate per cycle operation of an engine using the Energy Reservoir Model (ERM).
Solve for the efficiency of a heat engine.
Calculate for the power generated and various thermodynamic quantities in a given engine cycle
(esp. Otto cycle).
Discuss impossibility of developing a perpetual heat engine.

Heat Engines

Engine Cycles
1 hour

Describe the operation of a refrigerator.
Illustrate the ERM of a refrigerator.
Solve for the coefficient of performance of a refrigerator.
Solve problems relating heat engine with refrigerator.

Refrigerator
1 hour

State the Kelvin and Clausius statements and explain the physical motivation for such
statements.
Use the statements to explain certain physical phenomena.
State the Heat engine form of the 2
nd
law and illustrate meaning using ERM and efficiency.
State the Refrigerator form of the 2
nd
law and illustrate meaning using COP and efficiency.
Second Law of
Thermodynamics
4

1 hour

Enumerate conditions necessary for a reversible process to take place.
Develop an equivalent reversible process for a given irreversible process.
Illustrate irreversibility in natural processes.
Describe the Carnot cycle (enumerate the processes consisting the cycle as well as illustrate the
cycle on a PV diagram).
State Carnots theoremand use it to calculate maximum possible efficiency of a real engine.
Explain how reversible cycles are used to design a substance-independent thermometer scale.

Reversible and
Irreversible Processes

Carnot Cycle
2 hours

Mathematically describe entropy for reversible processes and cite consequences of entropy
being a state function.
Solve for entropy changes for various processes: isothermal process, free expansion, inelastic
collision, constant pressure process, heat conduction, Carnot cycle
State 2
nd
Law in terms of entropy of the universe and explain significance for naturally
occurring processes.
Differentiate useful from useless forms of energy. Calculate for amount of lost work using
change in entropy.
Differentiate macroscopic frommicroscopic interpretation of entropy and illustrate their
equivalence as well as use in explaining various physical phenomena.
Describe order and disorder in terms of the number of available (i.e. accessible) microstates
for a given macrostate.

Entropy

Useful Work

Order and Disorder

FIRST EXAMINATION July 25 (W) 9-11 am

CHAPTER 37: RELATIVITY
Approx
Time
Objectives
After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:
Topics
1 hour

Define an inertial reference frame.
State the Principle of Newtonian Relativity.
Explain the implications of Einsteins Postulates.

Newtonian Relativity

Einsteins Postulates
1 hour

Define an event and describe how measurements are taken in an inertial frame.
Define the interval and differentiate it fromthe Euclidean notion of distance.
Relate measurements of an event in one inertial frame with another inertial frame.

Events and
Measurements

Invariance of the
Interval
1 hour

Draw the space-time axis of a given inertial frame and the world lines of all events relative to
this inertial frame.
Interpret physical meaning of space-time diagrams.
Relate geometric measurements with relativistic concepts.

World Lines and
Spacetime Diagrams
1 hour

Describe synchronization of two clocks relative to inertial observers.

Clock Synchronization
and Simultaneity
1 hour

Given a physical situation involving relativistic motion, apply Lorentz velocity transformation
Velocity
Transformation
5
to draw qualitative and quantitative conclusions regarding the velocities relative to inertial
reference frames.

2 hours

Relate Galilean and Lorentz transformations with the Einsteins Postulates.
Given a physical situation involving relativistic motion, apply definitions of proper time and
proper length to draw qualitative and quantitative conclusions regarding the length, time
interval and relative velocities.


Lorentz Transformation

Time Dilation

Length Contraction

1 hour

Given a physical situation involving relativistic motion, apply relativistic Doppler effect to draw
qualitative and quantitative conclusions regarding frequency and velocity.


Relativistic Doppler
Effect
2 hours

Calculate the relativistic momentum and total energy of a particle given its rest mass and speed.
Determine the velocity and rest energy of a systemafter an inelastic collision.
Explain the consequences of Einsteins General Relativity.

Relativistic Momentum

Relativistic Work and
Energy

General Relativity

SECOND EXAMINATION August 22 (W) 9-11 am

CHAPTER 38: PHOTON, ELECTRONS, AND ATOMS
Approx
Time
Objectives
After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:
Topics
2 hours

Discuss aspects of the photoelectric effect.
Solve for either maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons, work function or threshold
frequency once the other two are known.
Solve for the energy of a quanta of light given its frequency and vice-versa.
Solve for the momentumof light given its wavelength and vice-versa.
Solve for scattering wavelength of light when it collides with matter.

Photoelectric Effect

Quantization of Light

Compton Scattering
1 hour

Discuss the failure of some classical models of the atom.
Enumerate the postulates in Bohrs model of the atom.
Show how the Bohr model successfully accounted for the observed discrete spectral lines as
well as the Rydberg-Ritz relation.

Bohr Model

CHAPTER 39: THE WAVE NATURE OF PARTICLES
2 hours

Discuss the significance of the de Broglie Hypothesis
Solve for the wavelength of a particle given its momentumor kinetic energy.
Elaborate on the duality of matter and light and know when one aspect is more useful in
explaining observed phenomena.
State the uncertainty principle and be able to estimate uncertainties in experiments.

de Broglie Waves

Wave-Particle Duality

Probability and
Uncertainty
3 hours
Explain what a wave function is and illustrate its significance in determining all physically
measurable quantities in a quantumsystem.
Solve for the probability of occurrence of a classical event.
Solve for the mean and variance of some classical distributions.
Wave Function

Probability and
Normalization
6
Solve for the expectation value of some measurables (esp. position and variance) given the
wave function of a quantum system.

Expectation Values

Schrodinger Equation

CHAPTER 40: QUANTUM MECHANICS
Approx
Time
Objectives
After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:
Topics
3 hours

Illustrate how the wavefunction of a system may be derived using the Schrdingers Equation
for the following systems: Free Particle, Infinite Well, Finite Well, Harmonic Oscillator, and
Coulombic Potential.
Differentiate the wavefunctions of the systems mentioned above.
Enumerate the properties of a physically realizable wavefunction.
Show how bound quantum systems have quantized energy levels and solve for the ground state
energy.
Draw and interpret probability density plots.
Deduce the most probable values of dynamical variables from the probability density plot.

Applications of
Schrdinger Equation

Energy Quantization

Wave Function and the
Probability Density
1 hour

Discuss differences in quantum and classical predictions of some unbound systems.
Calculate for the probability of transmitting a quantum particle into classically forbidden
regions.
Discuss how the different physical parameters affect the probability of transmission.

Potential Barrier and
Tunneling
1 hour

Show how degeneracy arises in quantumsystems of more than one dimension.
Generate the possible quantumstates of a systemby listing down the corresponding quantum
numbers.
Solve for the energy levels and determine which ones are degenerate.

Schrdingers Equation
in Three Dimensions

CHAPTER 41: ATOMIC STRUCTURE
3 hours

Show how the indistinguishability of two quantumparticles leads to two types of
wavefunctions.
State Paulis exclusion principle and explain how it is exhibited in physical systems.

Two Identical Particles

Hydrogen Atom

Zeeman Effect

THIRD EXAMINATION October 3 (W) 9-11 am

PHYSICS PALS:
NAME EMAIL PHONE MOBILE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.