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Final Project

The document discusses how weather and atmospheric conditions impact aviation. It notes that the atmosphere is primarily nitrogen and oxygen and can be thought of as a fluid. Weather is crucial for flight planning considerations like fuel consumption, runways to use, flight time, and safety. Headwinds increase flight time and fuel needs while tailwinds decrease them. Pilots must consider wind direction for takeoffs and landings. Visibility is also impacted by cloud heights, which can be estimated from temperature and dew point differences. Barometric pressure affects altimeter readings, so pilots must adjust settings between locations to obtain accurate altitude readings.

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36 views

Final Project

The document discusses how weather and atmospheric conditions impact aviation. It notes that the atmosphere is primarily nitrogen and oxygen and can be thought of as a fluid. Weather is crucial for flight planning considerations like fuel consumption, runways to use, flight time, and safety. Headwinds increase flight time and fuel needs while tailwinds decrease them. Pilots must consider wind direction for takeoffs and landings. Visibility is also impacted by cloud heights, which can be estimated from temperature and dew point differences. Barometric pressure affects altimeter readings, so pilots must adjust settings between locations to obtain accurate altitude readings.

Uploaded by

api-251321195
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aviation and

Meteorology

What is the atmosphere

Primarily nitrogen (80%) and oxygen


(20%)
Can be thought of as a fluid
Protects earth in many ways

Weather is a crucial component for


flight.

Flight planning
Fuel consumption
Runways to use
Flight time
Safety
Visibility

Fuel consumption

As aircraft travel through the air,


they measure the speed that air is
passing the pitot tube.
Headwind
Tailwind

Headwind and Tailwind

Headwinds will cause the aircraft to


travel through more air to reach a
destination
Tail winds will cause the aircraft to
travel through less air to reach a
destination

Headwind

Since there is more air to pass


through with a headwind, It will take
longer and more fuel will be needed.
The opposite is true for a tailwind.

Runways

Fixed wing aircraft takeoff and land


into the wind, therefore it is
important to know the direction and
speed of the surface winds

Example

KSLC International primarily utilizes


runways, 34/16 and 35/17
Runway 34/16 has a magnetic
alignment with 340 going north and 160
going south.

With North winds we can expect 34


or 35

Crosswinds

Cessna 172 has a demonstrated


crosswind takeoff and landing at 14
knots

Problem

Wind speed 20
knots
Wind direction 330
Runway 35
What is the
crosswind
component?

Answer

Subtract wind
direction (330)
from runway
heading (350) =20
degrees
20 degrees at 20
knots is a 7 knot
crosswind
Safe to takeoff

Visibility

Visual Flight Rules (VFR) flights need


to stay 1000 feet above clouds, 500
feet beneath clouds and 2000 feet
horizontally from clouds.

Cloud height

Find the difference from field temp to


the dew point in centigrade.
Divide by 2.5
Multiply by 1000 to get the base of
the clouds above ground level (AGL).

Sample Problem

20 degrees C with a dew point of


15C
20-15=5
5 divided by 2.5=2
2 X 1000=2000 feet AGL

Dont forget to add field elevation


KSLC 4227+2000= 6227 Cloud base
above sea level.

Pressure Altitude
The height above 29.92 barometric
pressure
Equals sea level on a standard day of
15C

Density Altitude
Is pressure altitude corrected for
nonstandard temperature.

Atmospheric Pressure

Standard day 15C at 29.92


barometric pressure in inches of
mercury.
Temperature and barometric
pressure obtained through automatic
terminal information services (ATIS)

Barometric Pressure

Altimeter is a pressure reading


instrument that converts pressure
reading to an altitude.
Atmosphere decrease in weight by 1
inch of mercury every 1000 feet.

Altimeter

Set to the current


barometric
pressure in the
Kollsman window
In this example it
is set to 29.90

Altimeter

Altimeter must be set at run up,


every 30 minutes during flight and
upon descending to final destination.
If not adjusted the indicated altitude
can be incorrect.

Altimeter

Here we se the indicated alt. 5000. True


alt. decreased 1000 since the destination
is 1 of mercury lighter than the origin
airport.

Altimeter

The saying is from high to low look


out below.
Meaning from a high pressure to a low
pressure, the ground is going to be
closer than indicated if the altimeter is
not adjusted to the current pressure.

Summary

The atmosphere and its ever


changing state is an important factor
in aviation.
It is essential that pilots are able to
interpret data from weather stations
for flight planning.

Bibliography

The Atmosphere an introduction to


meteorology 11th edition. Lutgens
Tarbuck
Pilots handbook of aeronautical
knowledge. FAA

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