1

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

2.1.

INTRODUCTION
We have read about functions, one-one onto (bijective) functions and inverse of a function. We have also
learnt that inverse of a function f is denoted by f 1 and f 1 exists if and only if f is a one-one onto function. There
are several functions which are not one-one onto and hence their inverse does not exist. We have also read
about trigonometric functions are not one-one onto over their natural domains and ranges and hence their,
inverse do not exist. But if we restrict their domains and ranges, then they will become one-one
onto functions and their inverse will exist. In this chapter we will study inverses of trigomometric functions
and their various properties.

2.2.

INVERSE OF A FUNCTION
Let f : A B If (be a function from A to B) which is one-one onto. Then a function f 1 : B A (f1 from B to A)
is said to be the inverse of the function f if
y = f(x) f1(y) = x
i.e., image of x under f is y image of y under f1 is x.
Clearly domain f1 = range f and range f1 = domain f

2.3.

PRINCIPAL BRANCHES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(i)

Definition of sin1 x (Principal branch of sin1 x) :

p
sin1 : [1, 1] - ,
2

(ii)

p
i.e., sin1 is a function from [1, 1] to
2

Such that

sin1 x = q x = sin q

where

1 x 1 and

p p
- 2 , 2 .

p
p
q<
2
2

Definition of cos1 x (Principal branch of cos1 x) :

cos1 : [1, 1] [0, p] is such that cos1 x = q x = cos q,
where 1 x 1 and 0 q p

(iii)

Definition of tan1 x (Principal branch of tan1 x) :

p p
tan1 : (, ) - , such that
2 2

tan1 x = q x = tan q
where

(iv)

< x < and

p
p
<q< .
2
2

Definition of cot1 x : cot1 : (, ) (0, p) such that

cot1 x = q x = cot q, where < x < and 0 < q < p.

(v)

p
Definition of sec1 x : sec1 : (, 1] [1, ) [0, p] such that
2

sec1 x = q x = sec q

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INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
where, < x 1 or 1 x < and 0 q <

(vi)

p
p
or
<qp
2
2

Definition of cosec1 x :
p p
cosec1 : (, 1] [1, ) - , {0}
2 2

such that cosec1 x = q x = cosec q

where

< x 1 or 1 x < and

p
p
q < 0 or 0 < q
2
2

Summary
Function

Domain of the function

Principal value branch

p
p
y
2
2

1.

y = sin1x

1 x 1

2.

y = cos1 x

1 x 1

0yp

3.

y = tan1 x

< x <

4.

y = cot1 x

< x <

0<y<p

5.

y = sec1 x

x 1 or x 1

0 y p, y

6.

y = cosec1 x

x 1 or x 1

p
p
<y<
2
2

p
2

p
p
y ,y0
2
2

Note : Unless otherwise stated sin1 x, cos1 x, tan1 x, cot1, x sec1 x and cosec1 x will mean their principal
branches.
2.4

GRAPHS OF PRINCIPAL BRANCHES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Y
y=1

(i)

Graph of y = sin x
Domain = R = ( , )
and Range = [1, 1]

- 2p

3p
2

p
2

p
2

y = 1
Y
p
2

Graph of y = sin x
1

Domain = [1, 1]
1

p p
Range = - ,
2 2

p
2

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3p
2

2p

(ii)

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC

Graph of y = cos x

y=1

Domain = R = (, )
Range = [1, 1]
3p
2

p
-

p
2

O p
2

3p
2

y = 1

Y
p

p
2

Graph of y = cos1 x
Domain = [1, 1]
Range = [0, p]
O

(iii)

Graph of y = tan x
p

Domain = R x : x = (2n + 1) , n Z
2

Range = (, )

p
2

p
2

Y
p
y=
2

Graph of y = tan1 x

p
4

Domain = R = (, )
p p
Range = - ,
2 2

O
-p
4
y=

(iv)

-p
2

Graph of y = cot x
Domain = R {x : x = n p, n Z}
Range = (, )
p

p
2

O p
2

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INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
Y
p
3p
2

Graph of y = cot x
1

Domain = (, )
Range = (0, p)

p
2

p
4
O

Y
(v)

Graph of y = sec x
p

Domain = R x : x = (2n + 1) , n Z
2

Range = (, -1] [1, )

p
2

p
2

3p
2

Y
p

Graph of y = sec1 x
Domain = (, -1] [1, )
p
p
p
Range = 0, , p = [0, p]
2
2
2

p
2
O

(vi)

Graph of y = cosec x
Domain = R {x : x = n p, n Z}
Range = (, 1] [1, )

p
2
O

p
2

Y
p/2

Graph of y = cosec x
1

Domain = (, -1] [1, )

p p
p
p
Range = - , 0 0, = - , {0}
2 2
2
2

- p/2

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5
2.5.

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
SOME IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Property I :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

sin (sin1 x) = x for all x [1, 1]

cos (cos1 x) = x,
for r all x [1, 1]
1
tan (tan x) = x, for all x R
cot (cot1 x) = x, for all x R.

(v)
(vi)

sec (sec1 x) = x,
for all x ( , 1] [1, ) i.e., for all x 1 or x 1
cosec (cosec1 x) = x, for all x (, 1] [1, ) i.e., for all x 1 or x 1

Property II :
(i)

p p
sin1 (sin x) = x, x - ,
2 2

(ii)

cos1 (cos x) = x, x [0, p]

(iii)

p p
tan1 (tan x) = x, x - ,
2 2

(iv)

cot1 (cot x) = x, x (0, p)

(v)

p
p
p
sec1 (sec x) = x, x 0, 2 2 , p i.e., x (0, p) 2

(vi)

p
p
cosec1 (cosec x) = x, x - , 0 0, i.e., x
2
2

- p - x

x,

sin1 (sin x) = p - x

x - 2p

3p - x,

if
if
if
if
if

p
3p
x2
2
p
p
- x
2
2
p
3p
x
2
2
3p
5p
x
2
2
7p
5p
x
and so on
2
2
-

- x,
x,

cos1 (cos x) = 2p - x,
x - 2p,
4p - x,

x + p,

x,

tan1 (tan x) =
x - p,

x - 2p,

p p
- 2 , 2 {0}

-px0
0xp
p x 2p
2p x 3p
3p x 4p and so on

p
3p
<x<2
2
p
p
- <x<
2
2
p
3p
<x<
2
2
5p
3p
and so on
<x<
2
2
-

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INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
Property III :
(i)

sin1 x = cosec1
cosec1 x = sin1

1
, 1 x 1 and x 0
x
1
, x 1 or x 1
x

1
, 1 x 1
x
1
sec1 x = cos1 , x 1 or x 1
x

(ii)

cos1x = sec1

(iii)

1
1
tan1x = cot1 , x > 0 = p + cot1 , x < 0
x

x

(iv)

1
1
cot1 x = tan1 , x > 0 = p + tan1 , x < 0
x
x

Property IV :
(i)
sin1 ( x) = sin1 (x),
(ii)
cos1 ( x) = p cos1 x,
(iii)
tan1 ( x) = tan1 x,
(iv)
cot1 ( x) = p cot1 x,
(v)
sec1 ( x) = p sec1 x,
(vi)
cosec1 ( x) = cosec1 x,

for all x [1, 1]

for all x [1, 1]
for all x R
for all x R
for all x (, 1] [1, ) i.e., for all |x| 1
for all x (, 1] [1, ] i.e., for all |x| 1

Property V :
p
,
2

(i)

sin1 x + cos1 x =

(ii)

tan1x + cot1 x =

(iii)

sec1 x + cosec1 x =

p
,
2

for all x [1, 1]

for all x R
p
for all x (, 1] [1, ) i.e., for all |x| 1
2

Property VI :

(i)

x+y
,
tan -1

1 - xy

-1 x + y
,
tan1 x + tan1 y = p + tan
1 - xy

-1 x + y
,
- p + tan

1 - xy

if xy < 1
if x > 0, y > 0 and xy > 1
if x < 0, y < 0 and xy > 1

Property VII :
x-y
tan1 x tan1 y = tan1 1 + xy , if xy > 1
This result can be established by putting y in place of y in the results of property V using the fact
that tan1 ( y) = tan1 y.

x-y
,
tan -1

1 + xy

-1 x - y
,
tan1 x tan1 y = p + tan
1 + xy

-1 x - y
,
- p + tan

1 + xy

if xy > -1
if x > 0, y < 0 and xy < -1
if x < 0, y > 0 and xy < -1

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INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
Property VIII :

sin -1{ x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 } ,

sin1 x + sin1 y = p - sin -1 { x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 } ,

-1
2
2
- p - sin { x 1 - y + y 1 - x } ,

if - 1 x, y 1 and x 2 + y 2 1
or if xy < 0 and x 2 + y 2 > 1
if 0 < x, y 1 and x 2 + y 2 > 1
if - 1 x, y < 0 and x 2 + y 2 > 1

Property IX :

-1
2
2
sin { x 1 - y - y 1 - x } ,

-1
2
2
sin1 x sin1 y = p - sin { x 1 - y - y 1 - x } ,

-1
2
2
- p - sin { x 1 - y - y 1 - x } ,

if - 1 x, y 1 and x 2 + y 2 1
or if xy < 0 and x 2 + y 2 > 1
if 0 < x 1, - 1 y 0 and x 2 + y 2 > 1
if - 1 x < 0, 0 < y 1 and x 2 + y 2 > 1

Property X :

2
2
-1
if - 1 x, y 1 and x + y 0
cos xy - 1 - x 1 - y ,
1
1
cos x + cos y =
2p - cos -1 xy - 1 - x 2 1 - y 2 , if - 1 x, y 1 and x + y 0

Property XI :
cos -1 { xy + 1 - x 2 1 - y 2 } ,
if - 1 x, y 1 and x y

cos1 x cos1 y =
-1
2
2
- cos { xy + 1 - x
1 - y } , if - 1 y 0, 0 < x 1 and x y
This result can be established in the same way as in property X.
Property XII :

(i)

2x
tan -1
, if - 1 < x < 1

1 - x2

-1 2x
, if x > 1
2 tan1 x = p + tan
1 - x2

-1 2x
, if x < -1
- p + tan
1- x2

Property XIII :

(i)

2x
sin -1
, if - 1 x 1

1+ x2

-1 2x
2 tan1 x = p - sin
, if x > 1
1+ x2

-1 2x
, if x < -1
- p - sin
1+ x 2

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INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC

(ii)

1 - x2
, if 0 x <
cos -1
1 + x2

2 tan1 x =
2

1
x

-1
, if - < x 0
- cos
2
1
+
x

Property XIV : (i)

sin1 x = cos1

= cot1

1
1- x 2 = tan

1 - x2

1 - x2
= sec1
2
x
1- x

1
= cosec x

Where x 0

(ii)

cos x = sin
1

1- x

= cot1
2
1- x
Where x > 0

(iii)

= tan

= cot

2
1- x

1
1
= sec x = cosec

tan1 x = sin1
2
1+ x

2
1- x

1
= sec1
x

1
= cos

1+ x

2
1+ x

= cosec

1 + x2

Property XV :

(i)

-1
1
2
x
if sin ( 2x 1 - x ),
2

-1
2
x 1
2 sin1 x = p - sin (2x 1 - x ), if
2

2
- p - sin (2x 1 - x ), if - 1 x

1
2
1
2

Property XVI :
(i)

cos -1(2x 2 - 1) ,
if 0 x 1
2 cos1 x =
2p - cos -1(2x 2 - 1) , if - 1 x 0

Property XVII :

sin -1(3 x - 4 x 3 ) ,

-1
3
3 sin1 x = p - sin (3x - 4x ) ,

- p - sin -1(3 x - 4 x 3 ) ,

if if

1
1
x
2
2

1
x 1
2

if - 1 x -

1
2

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INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
Property XVIII :
1

-1
3
if x 1
cos ( 4x - 3 x ) ,
2

1
1
-1
3
3 cos1 x = 2p - cos ( 4 x - 3x ) , if - x
2
2

2p + cos -1( 4 x 3 - 3x ) , if - 1 x - 1

Property XIX :

3 x - x3
,

tan-1
1 - 3x 2

3
x
x

-1
,
3 tan1 x = p + tan
2
1
3
x

3
x
x
- p + tan-1
,
1 - 3x2

if -

if x >

<x<

1
3

if x < -

3
1
3

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10

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC

SOLVED PROBLESM
Ex.1

Write each of the folloiwng functions in the simplest form :

(i) tan 2
2
a -x
1

Sol.

(i)

, | x | < a

1
= tan

Thus, tan1 2
2
a -x

Let x = a tan q. Then

3a3 tan q - a3 tan3 q

1
a3 - 3a3 tan2 q = tan

3 tan q - tan3 q

1 - 3 tan2 q

x
= tan1 (tan 3q) = 3q = 3 tan1
a
3a3 x - x 3
x

Thus, tan1 3
2 = 3 tan
a
a - 3ax

Sol.

Simplify :
(i)

a cosx - b sinx
a
, if
tan x > 1
tan1
b
bcosx + a sinx

(ii)

tan

(i)

We have

tan1

1
2

2x
-1 1 - y
sin -1

+
cos
2 ,| x | < 1, y > 0 and xy < 1
2

1+ x
1+ y

a cos x - b sin x

a cos x - b sin x
b cos x

= tan1
b cos x + a sin x
b cos x + a sin x

b cos x

= tan1

a
- tan x

b
1 + a tan x

p-q
a
and q = tan x
= tan1 1 + pq , where p =
b

a
a
= tan1 p tan1 q = tan1 tan1 (tan x) = tan1 x
b
b

(ii)

a sin q
a sin q
x

1
1
1

2
2
2 = tan a cos q = tan (tan q) = q = sin a
a - a sin q

1
= sin a

3a 2 x - x 3

1
tan1 3
2 = tan
a
3
ax

Ex.2

Let x = a sin q. Then,

tan1 2
2
a -x

(ii)

3a2 x - x3
-a
(ii) tan a3 - 3ax2 , a > 0;
x
3

Let x = tan q and y = tan f. Then

tan

1 sin -1 2x + cos -1 1 - y
1 + x2
1 + y 2
2

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11

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
1 -1 2x
1 - y 2
1

+ cos -1
= tan 2 sin
= tan
2
2
1 + y 2
1+ x

= tan (tan1 x + tan1 y) = tan (q + f) =

Ex.3

tan q + tan f
x+y
=
1 - tan q tan f
1 - xy

Prove that
(i) tan1

Sol.

1
1

-1
-1
2 (2 tan x ) + 2 [2 tan ( y )]

(i)

2
7
1
+ tan1
= tan1
11
24
2
We have

tan1

(ii)

(ii) 2 tan1

7
2
+

2
7
+ tan1
= tan1 11 24
11
24
1- 2 7

11 24

1
1
31
+ tan1
= tan1
2
7
17

125
1
= tan1 250 = tan1

We have
1 1
+

9
1
1
+ tan1
= tan1 2 7 = tan1
tan1
2
7
13
1- 1 1

2 7

-1 1
-1 1
1
1
1
+ tan1
= tan
an1
+ tan 2 + tan 7
Now, 2 tan1

2
7
2

= tan1

Ex.4

1 9
+

1
9
2 13
+ tan1
= tan1
= tan1
2
13
1- 1 9

2 13

31

17

Find the value of :

2p

(i) sin1 sin

3

Sol.

..............(1)

(i)

3p

(ii) tan1 tan

4

7p

(iii) cos1 cos

6

We know that sin1 (sin x) = x

\

2p

2p
sin1 sin =
3
3

But,

p p
2p
- 2 , 2 , which is the principal branch of sin1 x

However,

2p
p p
2p

p
p
= sin
sin = sin p and
- 2 , 2
3

3
3

2p

p
Hence, sin1 sin =
3

(ii)

We know that tan1 (tan x) = x

3p

3p
tan1 tan 4 =

But,

p p
3p
- 2 , 2 , which is the principal branch of tan1 x

However,

tan

3p
= tan
4

p
p
p p

p
p + - = tan - and - - ,
4
4
2 2
4

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12

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
3p

p
Hence, tan1 tan 4 =

(iii)

We know that cos1 (cos x) = x

7p

7p
cos1 cos 6 =

But,

7p
[0, p] which is the principal branch of cos1 x
6

However, cos

5p

7p
5p
5p
= cos 2p - 6 = cos
and
(0, p)

6
6
6

7p

5p
Hence, cos1 cos 6 =
6

Ex.5

Prove that
1+ x - 1- x
1
p
1

1
tan1
= 2 2 cos x, for 2 x 1
1
+
x
+
1
x

Sol.

Let x = cos 2 q. Then,

1- x =

and
\

1+ x =

1 - cos 2q =

1 + cos 2q =

2 cos2 q =

2 sin q

2 sin2 q =

1+ x - 1 - x

LHS = tan1

1 + x + 1- x
2 cos q - 2 sin q
cos q - sin q

= tan1
= tan1

cos q + sin q
2 cos q + 2 sin q

Prove that
tan1

Sol.

1 - tan q
p

= tan1 1 + tan q = tan1 tan - q

p
p
1
q=

cos1 (x) = RHS

4
4
2

=
Ex.6

2 cos q

x =

1- x
1
, x (0, 1)
cos1
2
1+ x

Let x = tan2 q. Then,

x = tan q; and so tan1 ( x ) = tan1 (tan q) = q

Further, RHS =
Ex.7

Sol.

1
cos1
2

1- x
1

=
cos1
1+ x
2

1 - tan2 q
1
1

1
1 + tan2 q = 2 cos (cos 2q) = 2 2q = q

Hence, LHS = RHS

Solve each of the following for x :

8
15 p
=
(i) sin1 + sin1
x
x 2

(ii) sin1 (x) cos1 (x) = sin1 (3x 2), if x > 0

8
(iii) tan1 (x + 1) + tan1 (x 1) = tan1
31

(iv) tan1 2x + tan1 3x =

(i)

8
15
p
We have sin1 + sin1 =
2
x
x

15
8
p
sin1 =
sin1
x
2

x

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p
4

13

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC

p
-1 8
15
-1 8

= sin 2 - sin x = cos sin

x
x

15
=
x

(ii)

8
1-
x

225

64

=1

x2

289

=1

x = 17
x2
But, x = 17 cannot satisfy the given equation.
\
x = 17
Let sin1 x = a and cos1 x = b. Then
x = sin a and x = cos b

cos a =

x = 1,

1- x 2 = sin b
From the given condition, we have
a b = sin1 (3x 2)

3x 2 = sin (a b)
= sin a cos b cos a sin b

3x 2 = x2 (1 x2)

3x 2 = 2x2 1

2x2 3x + 1 = 0

(2x 1) (x 1) = 0

(iii)

1
2

We have, tan1 (x + 1) + tan1 (x 1) = tan1

8
31

( x + 1) + ( x - 1)
8
tan1 1 - ( x + 1)( x - 1) = tan1
31

2x
1 - ( x 2 - 1)

8
,
31

assuming that (x + 1) (x 1) < 1

i.e., x2 1 < 1

2x

8
=
31
2 - x2
62x = 16 8x2
8x2 + 62x 16 = 0
4x2 + 31x 8 = 0

x=

i.e.,

x2 < 2

- 31 961 + 128
- 31 33
1
=
=
8
8
4

or 8

When x = 8, x2 = 64 </ 2. Hence, we reject this value of x. Hence, the required value is x =
(iv)

We have, tan1 2x + tan1 3x =

p
4

2x + 3 x
= p
tan1
1
(
2
x
)
(
3
x
)
4

5x
1 - 6x2

= 1 6x2 + 5x 1 = 0

- 5 25 + 24
-5 7
= 1
=
12
12
Now the formula,

x=

or

1
6

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1
.
4

14

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
tan1 x + tan1 y = tan1

x+y
holds only when xy < 1
1 - xy

Thus, when x = 1, (2x) (3x) = (2) (3) = 6 > 1

So, we reject x = 1 and accept x =

Ex.8

Solve for x : 2 tan1 x = sin1

Sol.

Let a = tan q and b = tan f.

Then,

2a
= sin1
sin1
1 + a2

1
6

2a
1 - b2
1

cos
1 + a2
1+ b2

2 tan q

1 + tan 2 q

= sin1 (sin 2q) = 2q

and

cos

1 - b2

1
1 + b 2 = cos

1 - tan 2 f

1 + tan 2 f

= cos1 (cos 2f) = 2f

Hence, RHS = 2q 2f = 2 (q f)
= 2 (tan1 a tan1 b)
So, the given equation implies
2 tan1 x = 2 (tan1 a tan1 b), 1 < a < 1, 1 < b < 1

tan1 x = tan1 a tan1 b

a-b
; ab > 1
= tan1
1 + ab

Ex.9

a-b
; ab > 1
1 + ab

Solve :
(i)
2 tan1 (cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)
(ii)

Sol.

x=

(iii)
(i)

1- x
1
=
tan1 x (x > 0)
1+ x
2
sin [2 cos1 {cot (2 tan1 x)}] = 0
We have
2 tan1 (cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)

tan1

2 cos x
2
1

tan1
2 = tan
sin x
1 - cos x

2 cos x

when

2
=
sin x
1 - cos2 x

sin x (cos x sin x) = 0

sin x = 0, x = np, n Z

when

cos x sin x = 0 or tan x = 1, x = np +

(ii)

We have, tan1

1
tan1 x
2

sin x cos x = 1 cos2 x = sin2 x

sin x = 0 or cos x sin x = 0

p
4

1- x
1
=
tan1 x
1+ x
2

tan1 1 tan1 x =

(x > 0)
(Q tan1

x-y
= tan1 x tan1y)
1 + xy

p
1
3
= tan1 x +
tan1 x =
tan1 x
4
2
2

tan1 x =

2
p
p

=
3
4
6

x = tan

p
=
6

1
3

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15

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
(iii)

We have,

sin [2 cos1 {cot (2 tan1 x)}] = 0

2x
sin 2 cos -1cot tan-1
= 0

1 - x 2

1 - x 2
sin 2 cos-1cot cot -1
= 0

2x

-1 1 - x

sin 2 cos
=0

2x

2
1 - x 2
-1 1 - x 2

1-
=0
sin sin 2

2 x
2x

1 - x2

1- x2
= 0 or
x

1 - x2

1-
2x

(Q 2 tan-1 x = tan1

(Q cot1 x = tan1

=0

=0

1 - x2

2x = 1

1 x2 = 0 or

Now,

x = 1
or
(1 x2)2 = 4x2
2 2
2
(1 x ) = 4x implies
(1 x2)2 (2x)2 = 0
(1 x2 2x) (1 x2 + 2x) = 0
1 x2 2x = 0
or
1 x2 + 2x = 0
2
x + 2x 1 = 0
or
x2 2x 1 = 0

x = 1

or

Hence, x = 1, 1

2,1

x=1

1- x2

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1
)
x

(Q 2 cos1 x = sin1 (2x

1 - x2

1-
2x

2x

1- x 2 )]

16

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC

UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
EXERCISE I
Q.1

Evaluate the following :

(i)

Q.2

4p

cos1 cos
3

(ii)

b-c

+ tan1
1 + bc

a3 - b3

1
= tan1
3 3 + tan
1+ a b

c -a

1 + ca

b3 - c 3

1
1 + b3c 3 + tan

c 3 - a3

1 + c 3 a3

Prove that
sin1

Q.4

(iii)

Prove that
a-b
tan1 1 + ab + tan1

Q.3

cos1 (cos 10)

12
4
63
+ cos1
+ tan1
=p
13
5
16

Prove that
a-b
x
b + a cos x

for 0 < b a and x 0

2 tan1 a + b tan 2 = cos1
a + b cos x

Q.5

If tan1x + tan1y + tan1z =

p
, prove that
2

xy + yz + zx = 1
Q.6

If cos1x + cos1y + cos1z = p, prove that

x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xyz = 1

Q.7

If sin1x + sin1y + sin1z = p, prove that

x 1- x 2 + y 1- y 2 + z 1- z 2 = 2xyz

Q.8

Solve : tan1 2x + tan1 3x =

Q.9

Solve : sin1x + sin1y =

p
4

2p
3

cos1x cos1y =

p
3

Q.10

If sin [2 cos1 {cot (2 tan1 x)}] = 0, find x.

Q.11

If 1 x, y, z 1, such that sin1x + sin1y + sin1z =

3p
,
2

find the value of

x2000 + y2001 + z2002

9
x 2000 + y 2001 + z 2002

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1
5
tan cos -1

3
2

17
Q.12

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC
Prove that
tan1

Q.13

1
n
1
1
+ tan1
+ ........... + tan1 2
= tan1 n + 2
3
7

n +n+1

Sum to n terms the series

1
tan1
2 + tan
.
1
+
1
2
x

Q.14

1
1 + 2 . 3x 2 + tan

1 + 3 . 4 x 2 +...........

Establish the algebraic relation between x, y, z if tan1x, tan1y, tan1z are in A.P. and if further x, y, z are also
in A.P., their prove that x = y = z

Q.15

If tan1x + tan1y + tan1z =

Q.16

Solve that equation for x ;

3 sin1

Q.17

1+ x

4 cos1

1 - x2
1+ x

+ 2tan1

3 , then prove that x = y = z

2x
1- x2

p
3

If sin (p cos q) = cos(p sin q), prove that

q=

Q.18

2x

p
and x + y + z =
2

1
3
sin1
2
4

Prove that tan1

zx
yz
xy
p
+ tan1
= ,
+ tan1
yr
xr
zr
2

where x2 + y2 + z2 = r2
Q.19

Prove that
a1 x - y
a2 - a1
a3 - a2
an - an-1
1
tan1 a y + x + tan1 a, a + 1 + tan1 a a + 1 + .......+ tan1 a a + 1 + tan1 a
n
2

n n-1

2 3

Q.20

If a1, a2, a3, .............. form an A.P. with common difference d (a > 0, d > 0) prove that
tan1

an+1 - an
d
d
d
+ tan1
+ .......... + tan1
= tan1
1 + a1 an+1
1 + a1a2
1 + a2a3
1 + an an+1

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x
= tan1

18

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC

BOARD PROBLES
EXERCISE II

Q1.

1
1
1
1
p
Prove that following : tan1 + tan1 + tan1 + tan1 = .
3
5
7
8
4

[CBSE 2008]

Q2.

2p
2p

Using principal value, evaluate the following : cos1 cos 3 + sin1 sin 3

[CBSE 2008]

Q3.

1 + sin x + 1 - sin x

Prove the following : cos1

1 + sin x - 1 - sin x

p
x

= 2 , x 0, 4

OR
Solve for x : 2 tan1(cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)

[CBSE 2009]

Q4.

7p

Write the principal value of cos1 cos

6

[CBSE 2009]

Q5.

2x
= tan1
Prove the following : tan1 x + tan1
1 - x2

3x - x 3

1- 3x2

OR

Prove the following : cos [tan1 (sin {cot1 x)}] =

1 + x2
2 + x2

Q6.

4p

.
Find the value of sin1 sin
5

Q7.

1+ x - 1- x
1
= p 1 cos1 x,
Prove that : tan1
x1
2
1 + x + 1 - x
4
2

Q8.

6
-1 3
-1 3
Prove the following : cos sin 5 + cot 2 =

5 13

Q9.

Show that :

[CBSE 2010]

[CBSE 2010 ]

[CBSE 2011]

[C.B.S.E. 2012]

3 4 - 7
1
tan sin-1 =
4
3
2
OR
Solve the following equation :

-1 3

cos(tan1x) = sin cot

4

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[C.B.S.E. 2013]

19

INVERSE TRIGONOMETIC

ANSWER KEY
EXERICISE 1 (UNSOLVED PROBLEMS)
1. (i)

11. 0

3- 5
2p
(ii) (4p 10) (iii) 2
3

13. S = tan

nx

1 + (n + 1)x 2

8. x =

1
6

16. x =

9. x =

1
,y=1
2

1
3

EXERICISE 2 (BOARD PROBLEMS)

Q2. p

Q3.

p
4

Q4.

5p
6

Q6.

p
5

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10. x = 1, (1

2)