503 Systems - Indirect Fired Heaters - Eng - Apr2010 PDF
503 Systems - Indirect Fired Heaters - Eng - Apr2010 PDF
503 Systems - Indirect Fired Heaters - Eng - Apr2010 PDF
General
Indirect bath heaters have a wide variety of successful applications in the oil and gas production, processing and
transmission industry. Some of the most common application include the following:
1. Gas Dew Point Heating: high-pressure natural gas heating upstream pressure regulation stations preventing
condensation phenomena due to the Joule-Thomson effect.
2. Heating of high-pressure natural gas upstream pressure regulation in order to prevent external icing formation.
3. Fuel gas super-heating upstream gas turbines (Performance haters)
4. Gas heating downstream low temperature storages
5. Hydrate prevention
6. Viscosity reduction: Crude Oil Heating upstream treatments to facilitate degassing and dewatering.
Range:
The duty of Pietro Fiorentini heaters can vary from 90Kw up to 10Mw.
Main features
Main body
The coil or tube bundle
The water expansion tank
The fuel feed line
Burner (gas type, oil type or bi-fuel)
The fire-tube
Chimney
Burner management system panel
Skid frame and service platform
Insulation
External insulation
Heaters are thermally insulated, except end sides left bare to facilitate access to the coils, burner or stack.
Insulation materials are properly selected based on operating temperature and climate conditions.
Forced or natural draft heater designs are available depending on working conditions and power availability
on site.
Natural draft burner relies on a stack to create negative pressure at the burner inlet, which induces as much
air as is required for combustion. These heaters are popular for remote locations and/or locations with limited
or even no power supply available.
Forced draft heaters are ideal whenever there is a low emission requirement, utilizing small bore fire-tubes
in conjunction with a combustion air fan. High velocities in the small bore fire tube reduce the dead gas film
region along the tube walls. This results in a reduced tube areas compared to their large bore counterparts,
therefore, overall heater size is minimized creating a significantly smaller footprint while offering superior burner
control compared to natural draft style heaters.
Tailor designed according to customer specification and design conditions they can have different
configurations:
GAS PIPE INSIDE THE HEATER:
AIR DRAFTS:
BURNERS
HEAT SOURCE:
HOT MEDIUM:
The operation of the gas heaters is completely automatic. Gas heaters are fired with natural gas which will be
supplied to the burner at a specific pressure thanks to a dedicated fuel gas pressure regulators complete of
all the required safety devices and electrical heating on a dedicated line.
Used in order to reduce the viscosity to ease the oil stream transportation.
The hot medium can be water, hot oil, Glycol or Thermal B.
Almost every coil bundle require a tailored design in order to meet the requirements of heat duty, working
pressure, corrosion allowance, sour gas service, NACE MR-01-75 and governing specification or normative,
usually ASTM or ANSI B 31.3.
Electric heaters
All the previous type of heater can be constructed with Electrical heating source.
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Reducing station
Ball valve