Trigonometry Basics

Name: _________________
Trigonometry Basics
Date: ___________ Pd: ___
terminal side
Angle
vertex
Standard position
direction of rotation arrow

CCW is positive
CW is negative
initial side
vertex at the _______ and initial side along the ________
Positive and Negative

Angles
___________ angle
in standard position
___________ angle
in standard position
Angles lie in the quadrant in which the terminal side rests.

Examples: In what quadrant do the angles lie? Is the angle
positive or negative?
Quadrant
Adv Alg/Precal Trig Basics Notes
name given to an angle whose terminal side coincides with one

of the axes
-270
90
-360
0
0 -180
360
180
Quadrantal angle
270
-90
Quadrantal angle measures

for positive angles.
Quadrantal angle measures

for negative angles.
2 or more angles that have the same terminal side.

Finding coterminal angles add/subtract 360 to the given
angle
Example: Find a positive and a negative angle coterminal with
the given angle.
Coterminal angles
a. 30
b. 170
Worksheet #1 Trig Basics
c. 200
d. 400
e. 750
Many navigational systems use the degree-minute-second

(DMS) format.
DDDoMM SS
Example: 123o 4543
Degree-Minute-Second
(DMS)
Some calculations, however, use a decimal format for degree
measures. Decimal format is also easier to enter into
calculators.
Decimal Degrees
Minutes Seconds
60
3600
Example:
Converting from DMS Given: 123o 4543
to Decimal
Convert to Decimal: 123
Converting from
Decimal to DMS
45
43
123.762
60 3600
Degrees: the whole degrees to the left of the decimal point

Minutes: multiply the decimal degrees by 60; the minutes is
the whole number to the left of the decimal point
Seconds: multiply the decimal minutes by 60 and use the
product rounded to 1 decimal place
Example: Express 235.567 in DMS

Degrees: 235
Minutes: 0.567 * 60 = 34.02 34
Seconds: 0.02 * 60 = 1.2
Answer: 235.567 = 235 34 1.2
The fraction of a circles circumference that is intercepted by a

central angle. Arc length is measured in linear units (inches,
meters, cm, feet, etc.).
Arc Length
arc length
central angle
Another way to measure angles

Whenever an angle is used by itself (not inside a trig function),
the angle MUST be in radian units NEVER degrees.
Definition: The central angle made by taking the radius of a
circle and wrapping it along the edge of the circle.
A
Length of arc AC = 2.75 cm
Radian
= 1 radian
B
C
radius = 2.75 cm
So,
if a central angle is 1.5 radians, then the intercepted arc is 1.5
times the radius of the circle
if the length of an intercepted arc is 2.3 times the radius, then
the central angle is 2.3 radians.
radians = 180
degrees to radians, multiply by
Converting between
Radians and Degrees
180
of )
from radians to degrees, multiply by
3 decimal places)
(usually leave in terms
180
(usually round to
Example: Convert 225 to radians

Answer:
5
225 *
radians
180 4
Convert 3 radians to degrees

180
Answer: 3 radians *

171.887

2 or more angles with the same
terminal side. In the diagram
angle and angle are
coterminal angles.
Very useful when evaluating

trigonometric functions (later).
Finding coterminal angles.
Coterminal Angles
If angle is measured in degrees, add or subtract 360

If angle is measured in radians, add or subtract 2
Examples:
Find a positive and a negative angle coterminal with the given
angle.
a. 75
b.
5
12
the angle between the terminal side and the x-axis

are always positive and less than 90
useful when evaluating trig functions and solving trig
equations (later)
found depending on quadrant. For positive angles,
Quadrant I: reference angle = angle
Quadrant II: reference angle = 180 angle angle
Quadrant III: reference angle = angle 180
angle
Quadrant IV: reference angle = 360 angle

Reference Angles
angle
Examples:
Find the reference angle for the following angles.
a. 175
b.
5
12
c. 300
d.
7
4
s r
where s is the arc length, r is the radius, and

is the central angle (IN RADIANS)
Example: A circle has a radius of 5 feet. Find the arc length

intercepted by a central angle measuring 2 radians.
Arc Length Theorem
s r
Formula
s (5 feet )(2radians )
Substitution
s 10 feet
Evaluation
Example: A central angle of 4 radians intercepts an arc with

length of 25 meters. What is the radius of the circle?
Sector Area
1
A r 2
2
where A is the area of the sector, r is the

radius, and is the central angle (IN
RADIANS)
Example: The minute hand of a clock is 4 inches long. How

much area will the minute hand sweep through in 20
minutes?
1
A r 2
2
1
2
A (4 in) 2
2
3
16 2
A
in
3
A 16.76 in 2
2 radians
Formula
Find :
60 minutes 20 minutes
2
Substitution
radians
3
Evaluation
I feel a need a need for speed!

Linear speed
change in distance
time
Angular speed
change in central angle ( )

time
Rotational speed
change in revolutions
time
Conversions Conversions between speed units

between
speed units 1 revolution = 1 circumference (distance travelled)
(rotational)
(linear)
1 circumference = 2 radians
(linear)
(angular)
2 radians = 1 revolution
(angular)
(rotational)
Hint on performing unit conversions:

Multiply by
the units you want

the units you have
Example: Convert 2.1 miles to feet

2.1 miles *
5280 feet (units you want )

11,088 feet
1 mile (units you have)
Example: Convert 35 miles to inches

35 miles *
5280 feet (units you want ) 12 inches (units you want )

*
2,217,600 inches
1 mile (units you have)
1 foot (units you have)
Example:
A bicycle with wheels that have a radius of 20 inches is travelling at 15
miles per hour. How many revolutions per second are the wheels turning?
Analysis: You are given a linear speed. The given linear units are miles
so you need to convert to inches (units of the radius). Time is
given in hours, but the final answer requires it to be in seconds
so you need to convert hours to seconds. Finally, once the
linear units and time units are set, convert from linear units to
rotational units using relationship above.
Solution:
15 miles
1 hour
Original
units
1 hour
60 min
1 min
60 sec
Convert hours
to seconds
5280 ft 12 in
1 mile 1 ft
1 revolution
2(20 in)
= 1.03 rev/sec
Convert linear
Convert linear speed to
units to same
rotational speed
units as radius
Example:
The radius of a CD is 2.25 in. The CD player rotates the CD at 400 rpm
(revolutions per minute). What is the linear speed (in feet per second) of a
speck of dust on the outer edge of the CD?

Trigonometry Basics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Trigonometry Basics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Trigonometry Basics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Name: _________________

Date: ___________ Pd: ___

direction of rotation arrow

vertex at the _______ and initial side along the ________

Positive and Negative

Angles lie in the quadrant in which the terminal side rests.

Adv Alg/Precal Trig Basics Notes

name given to an angle whose terminal side coincides with one

Quadrantal angle measures

Quadrantal angle measures

2 or more angles that have the same terminal side.

Worksheet #1 Trig Basics

Adv Alg/Precal Trig Basics Notes

Many navigational systems use the degree-minute-second

Degrees: the whole degrees to the left of the decimal point

Example: Express 235.567 in DMS

Worksheet #2 Trig Basics

Adv Alg/Precal Trig Basics Notes

The fraction of a circles circumference that is intercepted by a

Another way to measure angles

Adv Alg/Precal Trig Basics Notes

(usually leave in terms

Example: Convert 225 to radians

Convert 3 radians to degrees

Worksheet #3 Trig Basics

Very useful when evaluating

If angle is measured in degrees, add or subtract 360

Adv Alg/Precal Trig Basics Notes

the angle between the terminal side and the x-axis

Quadrant IV: reference angle = 360 angle

where s is the arc length, r is the radius, and

Example: A circle has a radius of 5 feet. Find the arc length

Example: A central angle of 4 radians intercepts an arc with

Adv Alg/Precal Trig Basics Notes

where A is the area of the sector, r is the

Example: The minute hand of a clock is 4 inches long. How

Worksheet #4 Trig Basics

Adv Alg/Precal Trig Basics Notes

I feel a need a need for speed!

change in central angle ( )

Conversions Conversions between speed units

Hint on performing unit conversions:

the units you want

Example: Convert 2.1 miles to feet

5280 feet (units you want )

Example: Convert 35 miles to inches

Adv Alg/Precal Trig Basics Notes

5280 feet (units you want ) 12 inches (units you want )

Worksheet #5 Trig Basics

Adv Alg/Precal Trig Basics Notes

You might also like

Date: _________ Pd: _

vertex at the _ and initial side along the __