David & Margaret

Youth and Family Services

Fost-Adopt Training
for
Resource Families

Section 1
Slide 1

David & Margaret

Youth and Family Services
Mandatory Resource
Parent Training

Table of Contents
Disaster Planning
Car Seat Safety
LGBTQ
Child Abuse
Commercial Exploitation of Children
Trauma Informed Parenting
Avoiding & Dealing with Investigations

**there will be a short 5 question quiz after each topic is presented**

David & Margaret Foster Care

& Adoptions
Disaster Planning

GET A KIT
By The Bed
Grab N Go
Sneakers

Backpack

Flashlight

Fanny Pack

Pair of prescription
glasses

Survival Bucket

 On The Road

At Work

Car Kit

Urban Kit

Change of
Clothes

Change of
Clothes

Survival/Disaster Kit
Water-1 gallon per person, per day (3 day supply for evacuation, 2
week supply for home)
Food- Non-perishable, easy to prepare items (3 day supple for
evacuation, 2 week supply for home)
Flashlight
Battery powered or hand crank radio (NOAA Weather Radio if possible)
Extra batteries
First aid kit
Medications-7 day supply
Multi-purpose tool & can opener
Sanitation & personal hygiene items (toilet paper, trash bags, etc.)

 Multi-purpose tool & can opener

Sanitation & personal hygiene items (toilet paper, trash
bags, etc.)
Copies of personal documents (medication list and patient
medical information, proof of address, deed/lease to home,
passports, birth certificates, insurance policies)
Cell phone with chargers
Family and emergency contact information
Emergency blankets or sleeping bags
Maps of the area

Suggested items to help meet additional needs:

Medical supplies (hearing aids, glasses, contact lenses,
syringes, etc.)
Baby supplies (formula, bottles, baby food, diapers)
Games/activities for children
Pet supplies
Extra set of car keys
Whistle
Face masks
Matches, rain gear

 Towels
Work gloves
Tools/supplies for securing your home
Extra clothing, hat, and sturdy shoes
Plastic sheeting
Duct tape
Scissors
Household or liquid bleach

In case of an emergency in your home, MAKE A

PLAN!
Exit Routes
Hazard Hunt
Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Detectors
Fire Extinguishers
Water, Gas, & Power Shut-offs
Establish 2 Meeting Places
Have An Out-of-State Contact
Landline
Ice
Get Insured
Write It Down

PRACTICE YOUR FAMILY EMERGENCY PLAN ONCE

EVERY SIX MONTHS!!

BE INFORMED of
Types of Disasters
CPR/First Aid
Ready or Not
Remember, preparedness is an act of
LOVE

PLEASE TAKE 5 QUESTION QUIZ ON

DISASTER PLANNING NOW

David & Margaret Foster Care

& Adoptions
Car Seat Safety
**All information adapted from Los Angeles County & Healthychildren.org
http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/on-the-go/pages/Car-SafetySeats-Information-for-Families.aspx

Age Group: Infants/Toddlers

Type of Seat: facing only seats and rear-facing
convertible seats
General Guidelines: All infants and toddlers
should ride in a Rear-Facing Car Seat until they
are at least 2 years of age or until they reach the
highest weight or height allowed by their car
seats manufacturer.

Age Group: Preschoolers

Type of Seat: Convertible seats and forwardfacing seats with harnesses
General Guidelines: Any child who has outgrown
the rear-facing weight or height limit forhis
convertible car seat should use a Forward-Facing
CarSeat with a harness for as long as possible, up
to the highest weight or height allowed by the
carseat manufacturer.

Age Group: School-Aged Children

Type of Seat: Booster seats
General Guidelines: All children whose weight
or height is above the forward-facing limit for their
car seat should use a Belt-Positioning Booster
Seat until the vehicle seat belt fits properly,
typically when they have reached 4 feet 9 inches
in height and are between 8 and 12 years of age.

Age Group: Older children

Type of Seat: Seat belts
General Guidelines: When children are old
enough and large enough for the vehicle seat belt
to fit them correctly, they should always use the
Lap and Shoulder Seat Belts for optimal protection.
All children younger than 13 years should be
restrainged in the rear seats of vehicles for optimal
protection.

Infants and Toddlers: Rear-Facing

It is recommended that all infants should ride rear-facing in a
rear-facing car seat until they are at least 2 years of age or
preferably until they reach the highest weight or height
allowed by their car seats manufacturer.
3 types of rear-facing car seats: rear-facing only seats,
convertible seats, and 3-in-1 seats.
When children reach the highest weight or length allowed by
the manufacturer of their rear-facing only seat, they should
continue to ride rear-facing in a convertible seat or 3-in-1 seat.

Rear-Facing Only Seats

Are used for infants up to 22 to 40 pounds, depending on the model.
Are small and have carrying handles (and sometimes come as part of a
stroller system).
Usually come with a base that can be left in the car. The seat clicks into and
out of the base so you don't have to install the seat each time you use it.
Parents can buy more than one base for additional vehicles.
Should be used only for travel (not for sleeping, feeding, or other uses
outside the vehicle).

Figure by Anthony Alex Le

Tourneau, adapted from
healthychildren.org

Convertible Seats (used rear-facing)

Can be used rear-facing, then "converted" to forward-facing for older children. This means
the seat can be used longer by your child. They are bulkier than infant seats, however, and do
not come with carrying handles or separate bases so are not routinely used outside of the
vehicle.
Many have higher rear-facing weight (up to 40-50 pounds) and height limits than rear-facing
only seats, which make them ideal for bigger babies.
Have a 5-point harness that attaches at the shoulders, at the hips, and between the legs.
Convertible car seats with overhead shields are no longer made. However, if you have one
you can use it safely until its expiration date.
Should be used only for travel (not for sleeping, feeding, or other uses outside the vehicle).

Figure by Anthony
Alex Le Tourneau,
adapted from
healthychildren.org

3-in-1 Seats (used rear-facing)

Can be used rear-facing, forward-facing, or as a
belt-positioning booster. This means the seat may
be used longer by your child.
Are often bigger in size, so it is important to check
that they fit in the vehicle while rear-facing.
Do not have the convenience of a carrying handle
or a separate base; however, they may have higher
rear-facing weight (up to 40-50 pounds) and height
limits than rear-facing only seats, which make them
ideal for bigger babies.

Please keep the following installation tips in mind for Rear

Facing Seats:
Place the harnesses in your rear-facing seat in slots that are at or
below your baby's shoulders.
Ensure that the harness is snug and that the harness clip is
placed at the center of the chest and at the level of the childs
armpits.
Make sure the carseat is installed tightly in the vehicle. If you
can move the seat at the belt path more than an inch side to side
or front to back, it's not tight enough.
Never place a rear-facing carseat in the front seat of a vehicle
that has an active front passenger air bag. If the air bag inflates, it
will hit the back of the carseat, right where your baby's head is,
and could cause serious injury or death.

 If you are using a convertible or 3-in-1 seat in the rearfacing position, make sure the seat belt or lower anchor
and tether is routed through the correct belt path.
Check the instructions that came with the carseat to be
sure.
Make sure the seat is at the correct angle so your
infant's head does not flop forward. Check the
instruction manual to find out the correct angle for your
seat and how to adjust the seat angle if needed. All rear
facing seats have built-in angle indicators or adjusters.
Check the car seat instructions and the vehicle owners
manual about whether the car seat may contact the
back of the vehicle seat.
Still having trouble? There may be a certified CPST in
your area who can help. If you need installation help,
see the end of this article for information on how to
locate a CPST.

Toddlers & Preschoolers: Forward-Facing

Any child who has outgrown the rear-facing weight or height limit
for their convertible car seat should use a forward-facing car seat
with a harness for as long as possible, up to the highest weight or
height allowed by their car seat manufacturer. It is best for children
to ride in a seat with a harness as long as possible, at least to 4
years of age. If your child out-grows his seat before reaching 4
years of age, consider using a seat with a harness approved for
higher weights and heights.

Figure by Anthony Alex Le

Tourneau, adapted from
healthychildren.org

There are 5 types of car safety restraints that can be used forwardfacing.
Convertible seatsSeatscan "convert" from rear-facing to forward-facing. These
include 3-in-1 seats.
Forward-facing-only seats Seats can be used forward-facing with a harness for
children who weigh up to 40 to 80 pounds (depending on the model). Although
manufacturers are not currently making any forward-facing only seats, many remain in
use from previous years.
Combination seat with harnessSeats can be used forward-facing with a harness
for children who weigh up to 40 to 90 pounds (depending on the model) or without the
harness as a booster (up to 80-120 pounds, depending on the model).
Built-in seatsSome vehicles come with built-in forward-facing seats. Weight and
height limits vary. However, do not use built-in seats until your child is at least 2 years
of age. Read your vehicle owners manual or contact the manufacturer for details about
how to use these seats.
Travel vestsVests can be worn by children between 20 and 168 pounds and can be
an option to traditional forward-facing seats. They are useful for when a vehicle has laponly seat belts in the rear or for children whose weight has exceeded that allowed by
carseats. These vests may require use of a top tether.

Make sure the car seat is installed tightly in the vehicle and that the harness
fits the child snugly.
To switch a convertible or 3-in-1 seat from rear-facing to forward-facing:
Move the shoulder straps to the slots that are at or above your child's shoulders. On
some convertible seats, the top harness slots must be used when facing forward. Check
the instructions that came with the seat to be sure.
You may have to adjust the recline angle of the seat so that it sits more upright in your
vehicle. Check the instructions to be sure.
If using a seat belt, make sure the seat belt runs through the forward-facing belt path
(be sure to follow car seat instructions). If using the lower anchors, follow carseat and
vehicle owner's manual instructions.
Always use the top tether when you can. A tether is a strap that is attached to the top
part of a carseat and holds the seat tightly by connecting to an anchor point in your
vehicle (often on the seat back or rear shelf; see your vehicle owner's manual to find
where the tether anchors are in your vehicle). Tethers give important extra protection by
keeping the car seat and the child's head from moving too far forward in a crash or
sudden stop. All new cars, minivans, and light trucks have been required to have tether
anchors since September 2000. New forward-facing carseats come with tether straps. A
tether should always be used as long as your child has not reached the top weight limit
for the tether anchor. Check the carseat instructions and vehicle owner's manual for
information about the top weight limit and locations of the tether anchors.

What do I need to know if my child will be driven by someone else,

such as for child care or school?
If your child is being driven by someone else, make sure:
The car seat your child will be using fits properly in the vehicle used for transport.
The carseat being used is appropriate for the age and size of your child.
The person in charge of transporting your child knows how to install and use the
carseat correctly.
Child care programs and schools should have written guidelines for transporting
children. These guidelines should include the following:
All drivers must have a valid driver's license. In some states, school bus drivers
need to have a special type of license.
Staff-to-child ratios for transport should meet or exceed those required for the
classroom.
Every child should be supervised during transport, either by school staff or a parent
volunteer, so the driver can focus on driving.
School staff, teachers, and drivers should know what do to in an emergency, know
how to properly use carseats and seat belts, and be aware of other safety
requirements.

School-Aged Children: Booster Seats

Booster seats are for older children who have outgrown their forward-facing car
seats. All children whose weight or height is above the forward-facing limit for their
carseat should use a belt-positioning booster seat until the vehicle seat belt fits
properly, typically when they have reached 4 feet 9 inches in height and are
between 8 and 12 years of age. The owner's manual that comes with your car seat
will tell you the height and weight limits for the seat. As a general guideline, a child
has outgrown his forward-facing seat when any one of the following is true:
He reaches the top weight or height allowed for his seat with a harness. (These
limits are listed on the seat and also included in the instruction booklet.)
His shoulders are above the top harness slots.
His ears have reached the top of the seat.

Figure by Anthony Alex

Le Tourneau, adapted
from
healthychildren.org

Types of Booster Seats

There are 2 types of booster seats: high-back booster seats
and backless booster seats. They do not come with harness
straps but are used with the lap and shoulder seat belts in
your vehicle, the same way an adult rides. They are designed
to raise the child up so that the lap and shoulder seat belts fit
properly over strong bones.
Booster seats usually are not secured to the vehicle seat with
the seat belt or lower anchor and tether but simply rest on the
vehicle seat and are held in place once the seat belt is
fastened over the child. However, some models of booster
seats can be secured to the vehicle seat and kept in place
using the lower anchors or top tether.
Booster seats should be used until your child can correctly fit
in the adult lap and shoulder seat belts, typically when the
child is around 4 feet 9 inches in height and 8 to 12 years old.

Installation Tips for Booster Seats

Booster seats often have a plastic clip or guide to
correctly position the vehicle lap and shoulder belts. See
the booster seat instruction booklet for directions on how
to use the clip or guide.
Booster seats must be used with a lap and shoulder
belt. When using a booster seat, make sure:
The lap belt lies low and snug across your child's upper
thighs.
The shoulder belt crosses the middle of your child's
chest and shoulder, and is off of the neck.
If your booster seat has lower anchors or top tether
attachments, check the booster seat manual for
installation instructions.

Questions about Booster Seats:

What if my car only has lap belts in the back seat?
Lap belts work fine with rear-facing only, convertible, and forward-facing
seats. If your car only has lap belts, use a forward-facing carseat that has a
harness and higher weight limits. You also could:
Check to see if shoulder belts can be installed in your vehicle.
Use a travel vest (some can be used with lap belts).
Consider buying another car with lap and shoulder belts in the back seat.
Is there a difference between high-back and backless boosters?
Both types of boosters are designed to raise your child so the seat belts fit
properly and both will reduce your child's risk of injury in a crash. Highback
boosters should be used in vehicles without head rests or with low seat
backs. Many seats that look like high-back boosters are actually combination
seats. They come with harnesses that can be used for smaller children and
then removed for older children. Backless boosters are usually less
expensive and are easier to move from one vehicle to another. Backless
boosters can be used safely in vehicles with head rests and high seat backs.

Information on Seat Belts & LATCH

Car safety seats may be installed with either the vehicles
seat belt or the LATCH (Lower Anchors and Tethers for
Children) system.
LATCH is an attachment system for car safety seats. Lower
anchors can be used instead of the seat belt to install the
seat, and many parents find them easier to use in some cars.
The top tether improves the safety provided by the seat and is
important to use for all forward-facing seats, even those
installed using the vehicle seat belt. These systems are
equally safe, but in some cases, it may be easier to install the
car safety seat using the lower anchors rather than the seat
belt

 All lower anchors are rated for a maximum weight of 65

pounds(total weight of car safety seat plus the child). Parents
should check the car seat manufacturers recommendations for
the maximum weight the child can be to use the lower anchors.
New car seats have the maximum weight of the child allowed for
use of the lower anchors printed on the label.

Figure from LATCH Makes

Child Safety Seat Installation
as Easy as 1-2-3 on
NHSTA.gov.

 Vehicles with the LATCH system have lower

anchors located in the back seat, where the
seat cushions meet. Tether anchors are located
behind the seat, either on the panel behind the
seat (in sedans) or on the back of the seat,
ceiling, or floor (in most minivans, SUVs, and
hatchbacks). All car safety seats have
attachments that fasten to these anchors.
Nearly all passenger vehicles and all car safety
seats made on or after September 1, 2002, are
equipped to use LATCH.

 Seat belts: If you install the car safety seat

using your vehicles seat belt, check the
vehicle owners manual to see if you need a
locking clip to keep the belt locked into
position. Locking clips are not needed in most
newer vehicles, but you may need to fully
extend the seat belt first and then allow it to
retract in order to keep the seat belt tight
around the car safety seat. Many car safety
seats have built-in lock-offs to lock the belt.

 The safest place for all children younger than 13 years

to ride is the back seat. If possible, it may be best to
ride in the middle of the back seat. However, it is
sometimes difficult to install a car safety seat tightly in
the middle if the vehicle seat is narrow or uneven. Also,
most vehicles do not have lower anchors for the middle
seating position. It is safest to put the car safety seat in
a position where you can install it tightly with either the
lower anchor system or the seat belt; in some cases,
this may be on either side of the back seat rather than
the middle. A child passenger safety technician (CPST)
can help you decide which place is best to install your
childs car safety seat in your vehicle.

 Always place the car seat/child in the back CENTER

seat in case of side swipe crashes.
If you are transporting two children, place one in the
back CENTER, and one in the back BEHIND THE
PASSENGERS SEAT.
If you are transporting three children, place the
youngest child in the back CENTER, the next oldest
BEHIND THE PASSENGERS SEAT, and the oldest
BEHIND THE DRIVER.
NEVER TAKE YOUR CHILD GET OUT OF THE CAR ON
THE STREET SIDE.

PLEASE TAKE 5 QUESTION QUIZ ON

CAR SEAT SAFETY NOW

LGBTQ
Promoting permanency, health
and well-being for LGBTQ
youth in foster care

What topics will we cover today?

Introducing terms
Understanding the coming-out process
How our words and actions affect youth
Where to find support

Introducing terms:
Lesbian: Females attracted to other females.
Gay : Males attracted to other males, can also
be used for females attracted to other females.
Bisexual: A person who is attracted to both
males and females.
Transgender: A person whose inner sense of
their gender does not match with biological sex.
Questioning: A person who is questioning their
attraction and/or identity.

Gender
Identity
Gender
Expression
Sexual
Orientatio
n
Biologic
al Sex

Gender Expression How you show your gender through

hairstyle, clothing, etc.
Gender Identity How you think about yourself in your own
mind.
Sexual Orientation Who you are attracted to.
Biological Sex How the doctor describes you at birth, based on
body
Slide
13parts.

The coming out process for LGBTQ youth

Challenges

Benefits

Violence/Bullying

Empowerment

Rejection

Promote Self-Esteem

Stress of hiding

Create wholeness

Might lose loved ones

Families also have their own experience around the youths coming out
Adapted from Creating Inclusive Systems of Care for LGBT Youth

Write down your thoughts on the quiz

sheet under LGBTQ/Question 5.
How do you think a parent might feel after
their child comes out to them?
Fear
Confusion
Relief
Shock
Anger
Shame
Happy

What are the next steps?

Find support

Express feelings

Seek out more information

Have future discussions

Parents will experience a variety of feelings when their
parents come out to them?
Coming-out is the process of sharing ones sexual
orientation and/or gender identity.
There are benefits and challenges of coming-out.
Adapted from National Association of Social Workers and Lambda Legal. (2009). Moving the margins: Training Curriculum for child
welfare services with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning (LGBTQ) youth in out-of-home care

Acceptance, Rejection, and Health Outcomes of LGBTQ Youth

Rejecting behaviors have a negative impact on LGBTQ

youth.
Rejecting
Unhealthy
Behaviors
Outcomes
Attempted suicide

High levels of depression

High risk for HIV & STDs and
STIs
Use of illegal drugs

It is common..

To feel conflicted or unsure of how to act

To be disappointed that your child is LGBTQ and/or
To be concerned for your childs safety
Feel
Conflict
ed

Support
the
youth

Positive
Health
Outcom
es

Your reactions have a significant impact on the youth

Ensure same treatment for LGBTQ and non-LGBTQ youth.
Take time before reacting to gather thoughts and release emotions.
Stand up for the youth when others are not supportive.
I.e. Family Members/Siblings/Friends.
It is best practice to get the youths permission when sharing
information about their identity.
Help the youth find resources and information on role models and
health appointments.

PLEASE TAKE 5 QUESTION QUIZ ON

LGBTQ NOW

David & Margaret Foster

Care & Adoptions
Child Abuse

After completion of this training, you

should understand:
How the law defines child abuse and
neglect
What is required of you as a mandated
reporter
What protections the law provides for you
as a mandated reporter
How to spot signs of child abuse
How to report child abuse
What happens after a report is filed

History
California passed its first child abuse reporting law
in 1963:
Stated that physicians must report physical
abuse of children.
CANRA was passed in 1974 in California
Child Abuse Neglect and Reporting Act
expanded list of mandated reporters.
Has been amended over the years
Child Abuse Law as we know it passed in the
1980s after the child sexual abuse explosion
(McMartin trial)

Who is a mandated reporter?

Complete list includes 37 categories, refer to penal code 11165.7
Generally includes anyone who works or comes into contact
with children in their job, including social workers and foster
parents.
Does not include volunteers
Can report, but not mandated

What needs to be reported?

Under CANRA, suspicions of the following must be reported in
California
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Emotional abuse
Neglect
When the victim is under the age of 18

How to identify child abuse?

Requires first the understanding that child abuse can
occur in any family, regardless of socio-economic
status, religion, education, ethnic background, or
other factors.
Cultural beliefs may affect our perception of this
Secondly, the mandated reporter must be aware of
and alert to the signs of child abuse.

Physical Abuse
What is physical abuse?
Type, location, and pattern of skin injuries may help distinguish
accidental injuries from suspected physical abuse
However, any injury, even a small bruise in a very young infant is
concerning
Young infants are not mobile
Completely dependent on their caregivers
Any injury in this age group should raise concern for the possibility of
inflicted injury
What needs to be reported:
A physical injury or action of harming a child, not by accident.
Unexplained bruises, bites, burns, fractures, head trauma
Although the injury is not an accident, the parent or caretaker may not
have intended to hurt the child.
May result from excessive discipline or inappropriate physical
punishment.
The injury may be the result of a single episode or of repeated episodes
and can range in severity from minor bruising to death.
Corporal punishment/ physical discipline is never acceptable for foster

Abusive bruises and burns may also be

patterned, or have a distinct outline
Accidental bruises usually do not leave a clear
pattern or outline
While an outline or pattern should raise
concern, abusive injuries are not always
patterned, and may look very similar to
accidental bruises.
This is why documentation (an SIR) is important
when accidental injuries occur with the foster
youth.

RED FLAGS:
Parent Behaviors:
Parental depression or other mental illness
Parent tells you of use of objects to discipline the child
belts, whips, clothes hanger
Parent has unrealistic expectation of child
toilet-training a 6-month-old
Parent is unduly harsh and rigid about childrearing
Parental substance abuse
Parent berates, humiliates, or belittles child
Parent misinterprets child's normal behavior
a parent interprets an infant's crying as evidence that
child hates the parent
Parent is indifferent to child

Red Flags:
Child Behaviors:
Hostile, aggressive, or verbally abusive toward others
Fearful or withdrawn behavior
Self-destructive
self-mutilates, bangs head, etc.
Destructive
breaks windows, sets fires, animal cruelty, etc.
Frightened of going home, frightened of
parents/caretakers
Attempts to hide injuries
Frequent absence from school
Clingy, forms indiscriminate attachments

Sexual Abuse
What is sexual abuse?
Forcible Rape
Statutory rape (section 261.5)
Incest
Sodomy
Lewd or lascivious (indecent, or of
a sexual nature) acts upon a child
Oral sex
Sexual penetration
Child molestation
Intentional touching or fondling of the genitals or intimate
parts (including the breasts, genital area, groin, inner
thighs, and buttocks) or the clothing covering them, for
purposes of sexual arousal or gratification
Masturbating in the presence of a child

What needs to be reported?

Per CANRA, child sexual abuse includes both
sexual assault and sexual exploitation
Sexual assault includes
Sexual acts with children
Child molestation
Intentional masturbation in the presence of a
child
Sexual exploitation includes
Preparing, selling, or distributing pornographic
materials involving children
Performances involving obscene sexual
conduct
Child prostitution

Sexual Exploitation
Depicting a minor engaged in obscene acts
Preparing, selling, or distributing obscene matter
that depicts minors
Employment of minor to perform obscene acts
Any person who knowingly promotes, assists,
employs, uses, persuades, induces, or coerces a
child to engage in prostitution or a live performance
involving obscene sexual conduct, or to either pose
or model in child pornographic material
Any person who depicts a child in, or who knowingly
develops, duplicates, prints, or exchanges, any film,
photograph, video tape, negative, or slide involving
child pornography

Red Flags
Child behavior:
Inappropriate sexual knowledge for age
Demonstrating sexual acts on other children or toys
Molesting other children
Post-traumatic stress disorder (frequent nightmares,
easily startled, irritability, etc.)
Emotional and behavioral problems
Sexually transmitted infections

Neglect

Under CANRA neglect of a child, whether "severe" or "general," must be

reported if the perpetrator is a person responsible for the child's welfare
Includes:
Acts (i.e. locking a toddler in a hot car)
Omissions (i.e. not providing food)
The neglect may cause harm to the child or threaten to harm the
child's health or welfare
Must still report even if no injury
General neglect
Failure of a caregiver to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter,
medical care, or supervision, where no physical injury to the child has
occurred
Severe neglect
The intentional failure of a caregiver to provide adequate food,
clothing, shelter, or medical care
Or caregiver willfully causes or permits the child to be placed in a
situation such that his or her person or health is endangered

Neglect
Can be further divided into different types - the
following examples do not constitute a complete list
General or physical neglect - not providing
adequate food, clothing, or a safe home
environment
Medical neglect - not providing appropriate
medical care or dental care.
Emotional neglect - not interacting with their
infant or child.
Educational neglect - not enrolling a child in
school or providing proper home-schooling
Note: It is very important to distinguish between
neglect and failure to provide necessities of life

Religious Considerations
Refusing medical care for religious reasons is
a hotly debated topic when children are
involved
Per CANRA, a child receiving treatment by
spiritual means or not receiving specified
medical treatment for religious reasons, shall
not for that reason alone be considered a
neglected child
An informed and appropriate medical decision
made by a caregiver after consultation with a
physician does not constitute neglect

Red Flags
Child Behaviors:
Parent
Behaviors:
-Dirty clothes, poor hygiene
-Depression
-Failure to thrive, or a malnourished child
Unemployment
Severe dental cavities
Intimate Partner Violence
Developmental delay
Poverty
Self-abusive behaviors
Lack of social support
Socially withdrawn
Mental illness or mood
disturbances
Behavioral problems/anxiety/aggression
History of abuse as a child

Home Environment:
Medications, cleaners, toxins within reach of a child
Guns or other weapons that are not properly secured
Trash, rotted food, insects, or animal waste
Choking hazards within reach of an infant or toddler

Emotional Abuse
Under CANRA, also called cruelty
Defined as willful cruelty or unjustified punishment
Includes:
Inflicting or permitting physical pain or mental suffering
Or permitting the endangerment of the child's person or health
Includes acts or omissions that have or could cause serious behavioral,
cognitive, emotional, or mental disorders
In some cases, the acts alone, without any obvious harm are sufficient to
warrant reporting
i.e. extreme or bizarre forms of punishment, such as torture or
confinement of a child in a dark closet
For less severe acts, such as belittling or cruel words, it can be more
difficult to determine what constitutes emotional abuse
For the mandated reporter, reporting the concern is the only requirement
It is up to the child protective agency to decide if the act(s) in question
are emotional abuse

 Most difficult form of child maltreatment to identify

The effects of emotional maltreatment (lags in physical
development, learning problems, and speech disorder) are
nonspecific
The effects of emotional maltreatment may only become
evident in later developmental stages of the child's life
The behaviors of emotionally abused and emotionally
disturbed children are often similar
Although any of the forms of child maltreatment may be found
alone, they often occur in combination
Emotional abuse is most often seen in combination with
other forms of abuse
The red flags for emotional abuse are very similar to the red
flags for other forms of abuse

Red Flags
Child Behavior:
Frightened of going home, frightened of parents/caretakers
Clingy, may form indiscriminate attachments to unrelated adults
Developmental delay
Self-abusive behaviors
Socially withdrawn
Behavioral problems such as anxiety or aggression
Parent Behavior:
Parental depression or other mental illness
Parent has unrealistic expectation of child
Parent is unduly harsh and rigid about childrearing
Parent singles out one child as "bad," "evil," or "beyond control
Parent berates, humiliates, or belittles child
Parent is indifferent to child

BILL AB 2380
Recently passed in an effort to clarify the term
reasonable suspicion

It is reasonable for a person to be suspicious, based

upon facts that could cause a reasonable person in a
like position, drawing on his or her training and
experience, to suspect child abuse and neglect
Any reasonable suspicion is sufficient

Does not require certainty that child abuse or neglect

has occurred
Does not require a specific medical indication of child
abuse or neglect
May be based on any credible information, including
statements from other individuals
The goal of this bill was to prevent delays in reporting,
which can hinder investigations by authorities

Filing a Report
When one "has knowledge of or observes a child in his or her
professional capacity, or within the scope of his or her employment
whom he or she knows or reasonably suspects has been the victim
of child abuse..."
If you suspect, report
Speak with your FFA social worker or the on call social worker for
consultation immediately!
Proof of abuse is not required; that will be determined through
investigation by the child welfare professionals or law
enforcement
Responsibility rests solely with the mandated reporter
Reporting to an employer, supervisor, school principal, school
counselor, coworker, or other person is NOT adequate
When two or more mandated reporters jointly have knowledge of
suspected child abuse or neglect, a single report may be made
Any member of the reporting team who has knowledge that the
designated person has failed to report must do so him or herself

HOW TO FILE A REPORT?

Immediately (or as soon as practically possible) by phone
A written report must be forwarded within 36 hours
Must be submitted on Department of Justice forms, which can be
requested from your local child protective agencies or
downloaded online
May be faxed or submitted electronically, depending on what is
available in your county
Then in writing
Within 36 hours a written report must be sent to the child
protective or law enforcement agency to which the telephone
report was made
Must be filed on Department of Justice Form 8572
DOJ SS 8572, known as the Suspected Child Abuse Report
Form
This form is available through county welfare departments
and local law enforcement agencies
Forms and instructions also available online at
http://ag.ca.gov/childabuse/pdf/ss_8572.pdf

 Consult with us!: 909-593-0089 or

909-957-1344
To a child protective agency
Child protective agency is defined as
a county welfare or probation
department, or a police or sheriffs
department
Local CWS numbers:
LA County: 1-800-540-4000
Riverside County: 1-800-442-4918
San Bernardino County: 1-800-827-8724
Orange County: 1-714-935-7080

What happens after a report has been filed?

The primary purpose of the report is to make child
protective agencies aware of possible abuse
Reports are investigated either by the local law
enforcement agency and/or by the county child
welfare (child protective services) agency

Child Welfare Services

Interviews the child and family to evaluate the situation
Primary responsibility is protection of the child
The child may need to be removed and placed in a
safer environment or the family may just need
additional services
Often, parents or others who mistreat children are
overwhelmed by their situation/problems
Financial problems, mental illness, anger issues ,
etc.
May not be able to handle the stresses of raising
children without help
CWS offers services and resources to help manage the
problems of the family and child
Counseling, referrals to self-help groups ; assistance
in obtaining medical care, emergency shelter,
transportation
The CWS worker's goal is to protect children and enable

Child Welfare Services

Reports received (except neglect) must be cross-reported immediately, or as
soon as possible, to local law enforcement agency
Not all reports are serious enough to require the assistance of the law
enforcement agency
In these events, the family may be contacted only by local child welfare
services

Response Time
Response time depends on the seriousness of the events reported and the
situation the child faces. Child protective agency does not investigate all
reports immediately.
If the child is in danger, the response will be immediate
If there is less risk involved, it may be three to ten days before action is
taken by child welfare services
Reporting does not always mean that a civil or criminal proceeding will be
initiated against the suspected abuser
If an investigation does not reveal evidence of child abuse but suggests
other family problems or a potentially abusive situation, the child
welfare agency may intervene and offer appropriate services

Law Enforcement
Officer also has a primary responsibility to protect the child
Interviews the parent(s) and the child
Gathers information from interviews, physical evidence,
and other sources such as medical and school records
Often, the parent or caretaker is neither arrested nor
criminally charged in a child abuse case
However, in cases of serious abuse the caretakers
may be arrested and referred to the district attorney
for criminal prosecution
Law enforcement is also required to cross-report
immediately, or as soon as possible, to child welfare
agencies and the district attorney's office

Next Steps
The report is determined to be one of the
following
Unfounded - the report is determined to
be false, inherently improbable, to
involve an accidental injury, or not to
constitute child abuse
Substantiated - the report is determined
to constitute child abuse or neglect
Inconclusive - the report is determined
not to be unfounded, but the findings
are inconclusive and there is insufficient
evidence to determine whether child
abuse or neglect has occurred

 Substantiated reports are forwarded to the CACI,

or Child Abuse Central Index
Does not investigate reports of child abuse
Does provide the following services to law
enforcement and child welfare departments:
Searches, indexes, and files child abuse
reports received from investigating agencies
Searches the names of applicants for child
care service licenses and employment to
determine if they have a prior history of child
abuse that may result in disqualification
Notifies child welfare department of current
victims and suspects with prior histories of
child abuse

Conclusion
Primary intent of the reporting laws is to protect
the child
Protecting the identified child may also provide
the opportunity to protect other children in the
home
It is equally important to provide help for the
parents
The report of abuse may be a catalyst for bringing
about change in the home environment, which
may help to lower the risk of abuse in the home
As a mandated reporter you play an obviously
crucial role in this process, identifying and
reporting concerns of abuse or neglect of children
that may otherwise go unseen

PLEASE TAKE 5 QUESTION QUIZ ON

CHILD ABUSE NOW

David & Margaret Foster

Care & Adoptions
Commercial Exploitation
of Children (CSEC)

What is Sex Trafficking?

Sex trafficking occurs when a person is induced to
perform a commercial sex act* through the use of
force, fraud or coercion, or in which the person
induced to perform the act is under 18 years old.
*This sex act can be exchanged for anything of
value including food, shelter or money.

Quick Facts
100,000 children exploited in prostitution each
year (best estimates)
12-14 is age of first exploitation
Traffickers prey on vulnerable youth
Histories of abuse
Runaway, homeless, throwaway
Lonely or disconnected

Misidentification of Victims
Most minor victims remain unidentified
They are often mislabeled or charged with
delinquent offenses
Common perceptions:
Prostitute/slut/promiscuous
Gang member juvenile delinquent
Runaway/Truant
Always female

In order to understand the issue,

we have to understand the victims.
They could be anybodys daughter,
niece, cousin, friend, or neighbor.

Trafficking Terminology for Adults

Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking (DMST)- DMST is the commercial sexual
exploitation of American children within U.S. border. It is the recruitment,
harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the
purpose of a commercial sex act where the person is a U.S. citizen or
lawful permanent resident under the age of 18 years.
The Game/The Life- The subculture of prostitution, complete with rules, a
hierarchy of authority, and language. Referring to the act of pimping as
the game gives the illusion that it can be a fun and easy way to make
money, when the reality is much harsher. Women and girls will say
theyve been in the life if theyve been involved in prostitution for a
while.
Trafficker/Pimp- Anyone who receives money or something of value for
the sexual exploitation of another person.
Facilitator- Any business or person allowing or assisting a trafficker to
carry out his/her business. These facilitators (taxi drivers, hotel, property
owners) benefit from the proceeds earned through the commercial
exploitation of children.

 Buyer(or John)- An individual who pays for or trades something of

value for sexual acts. This can be anyone-a family member, teacher,
coach, or member of the clergy. They can be male, female, young,
and old.
Survival Sex- A term referring to a situation that involves a minor
providing sexual favors to an adult in exchange for basic needs such
as shelter, food, or security. Minors engaged in survival sex are often
homeless or runaway youth. While this act is often perceived as a
choice by both the youth and the community, it is still a form of
trafficking. These minors are approached on the street by a predator
that wants to exploit their needs. Instead of offering to help the
youth find a safe place, the predator will take advantage of the minor
for his/hew own personal gain.
Daddy- The term a pimp will often require his victim to call him.
Family/Folks- The term used to describe the other individuals under
the control of the same pimp. He plays the role of father (or Daddy)
while the group fulfills the need for a family.
Bottom Bitch-One girl, among several controlled by a single pimp,
appointed by him to supervisor the other and report the violations.

 Sister Wife/Wifeys- What women and girls under control of the same
pimp call each other.
Stable-a group of victims under the control of a single pimp.
Date- The exchange when prosition takes place, or the activity of
prostitution. A victim is said to be with a date or dating.
Trick- Committing the act of prostitution, or the person buying it. A
victim is said to be turning a trick or with a trick.
Track-An area of town known for prostitution activity. This can be area
around a group of strip clubs and pornography stores, or a particular
stretch of street.
Circuit- A series of cities among which prostituted people are moved.
One example would be the West Coast circuit of San Diego, Las Vegas,
Portland, and the cities between. The term can also refer to a chain of
states such as the Minnesota pipeline by which victims are moved
through a series of location from Minnesota to markets in New York.
Trade Up/Trade Down- To move a victim like merchandise between
pimps.
Lot Lizard- a derogatory term for a person who is prostituted at a truck
stop.

In the last week, have you been to?

A mall
A grocery store
A coffee shop
Would you be able to identify potential
signs of recruitment if you saw them in
action?

Recruitment and Grooming

1)Changes in Behavior
Absences from home/school, dress, attitude,
signs of abuse
2) Changes in Lifestyle
Money, material possessions, tattoos
3) Changes in peers
New boyfriend, new friends, parties,
drugs/alcohol, signs of gang affiliation

If you suspect trafficking

Report it to the National Center for Missing
and Exploited Children: 1-800-THE-LOST or
www.cybertipline.com

*Information for CSEC was provided by Sharedhope International.

PLEASE TAKE 5 QUESTION QUIZ ON

COMMERCIAL EXPLOITATION OF
CHILDREN NOW

David & Margaret Foster

Care & Adoptions
Trauma Informed
Parenting
A Training by the Jim Casey Youth
Opportunities Initiative

What is Trauma?
When a person experiences or witnesses an
event that threatens or gives the impression of
the threat of death or bodily injury to oneself or
others.
Creates emotional responses of fear,
helplessness, or horror.
Three characteristics of trauma: the experience
was unexpected; the person was unprepared for
it; and there was nothing the person could to do
to prevent it.

Stress Vs. Trauma

Stress triggers a physical response in the body and brain.
In a child, some stress can be positive, pushing the child to
develop coping skills, if they are surrounded by positive
relationships with adults.
Trauma pushes the individual past tolerable levels and can
have long-term effects, including physical and mental health
issues.

Complex Trauma Vs. Trauma

Complex Trauma is multiple or on-going exposures to trauma

Complex Trauma includes: physical, sexual, emotional and
mental abuse, and neglect.

Trauma-Related Conditions
In Some cases, young people in foster care will need traumaspecific treatments or interventions from a mental health
professional. These conditions can include:
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Substance abuse
Anxiety/Panic Disorder
Eating disorders
Borderline personality disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Depression
Medical illness and somatization
Bipolar disorder
Self-inflicted violence

How Can Trauma-Informed Care

Help?
Trauma-informed services for young
people in foster care can enable young
people to move beyond functioning that
is largely the result of unconscious
processes focused on basic survival.
In short: Trauma-Informed Care can
help re-wire the brain.

Trauma-Informed Services
have the following essential
elements:
An understanding of trauma that
includes an appreciation of its
prevalence among young people in
foster care and its common
consequences.

Elements of Trauma-Informed
Services
Individualizing the young person
Trauma-informed child welfare professionals work to
understand the whole young person and not only his or her
problems and concerns. Understanding young people also
involves understanding their family, social and community
contexts. It is critically important to encourage positive social
connections and relationships for the trauma-exposed youth.

Elements of Trauma-Informed
Services
Maximizing the young persons
sense of trust and safety.
Following traumatic events, a young person may continue
to experience both physical and emotional insecurity. A
sense of safety is critical for physical and emotional growth
and functioning both at home and within service
settings.trust and safety cannot be presumed at the
beginningbut must be earned and consistently
demonstrated over time.

Elements of Trauma-Informed
Services
Assisting the young person in
reducing overwhelming emotion.
Research confirms that trauma can result in such intense fear,
anger, shame and helplessness that young people feel
overwhelmed by emotions. Overwhelming emotions may
delay the development of age-appropriate selfregulation.trauma may be stored in the body in the form of
physical tension or bodily complaints.

Elements of Trauma-Informed
Services
Strengths-based services
Services do not only address trauma reactions for which
trauma-specific interventions may be needed but also
promote young peoples understandings of themselves, selfcontrol, and skill building. Strengths-based child welfare
practices build on the belief that young people are doing their
best given the challenges that they confront in the areas of
support, stability, knowledge, and/or skills. Builds on
strengths, engages, supports positive relationships.

What Can I Do?

Identify Triggers
Set up a routine
Give youth a sense of control
Dont take it personal!
Stay calm
Stay available even if youth pushes you away
Do not try to control/change their emotions
Be patient
Be consistent
Ask for help
Source: Parenting After Trauma 2013, from American Academy of Pediatrics and The Dave Thomas
Foundation for Adoption

ReMoved
Written, Directed and Produced by:
Nathanael & Christina Matanick

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=lOeQUwdAjE0

Avoiding & Dealing with Investigations

Present yourself as a professional foster parent.

Understand trauma informed care.
Know different de-escalation and behavior techniques
Have a self-care plan for yourself and clients
Understand your agency policies on discipline, personal
rights, and communication network.
Find out as much information as possible before deciding
whether or not to provide care for a child, including whether
the child has a history of making allegations of abuse against
prior caregivers. The FFA has an intake sheet. Have it read or
reviewed with you.
Do not take any child you do not feel confident you can
adequately parent, or if you do decide, get extra training and
support from your agency.
Work with you child welfare agency to ensure that your
childs needs are being met while in foster care. Keep the FFA
informed and work as a team.

 Understand and follow all laws and regulations on caring for foster
children. Request and review current information on licensing
regulations and your FFA policies and procedures.
Develop family rules and expectations in consultation with the FFA
agency and ensure that all family members follow them. Previous to
placements; Update rules with consultation with FFASW.
Do not leave a child who has been sexually abused alone with anyone
of the same gender as the abuser.
Keep a daily log and record any unusual events, behaviors,
comments, reactions before or after visitation with family members,
school issues, medical/dental/therapy appointments and all
discussions with other professionals about the childs progress and
needs including; social workers, Court Appointed Special Advocates
(CASAs), attorneys, mental health professionals, etc. Promptly report
any unusual incident or injury to the FFA worker.

 Maintain a cordial and professional working relationship

with the childs birth parents and other members of the
childs welfare team (ongoing).
Participate in ongoing training for foster and adoptive
parents on caring for the children who have been
abused or neglected as well as common behavior issues
for the age you work with.
Realize that an investigation will trigger strong emotions
in you. Have a plan. STAR: STOP, THINK, ACT & REFLECT

PLEASE TAKE 5 QUESTION QUIZ ON

TRAUMA INFORMED PARENTING NOW

END OF TRAINING
THANK YOU!
Please complete evaluation at this
time.
Please drop quiz/evaluation packet off
at D&M, or mail/fax it to the office.