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    Residence Time

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    tetemian8778
    This document discusses design considerations for feed nozzles and sumps in distillation columns. It provides recommendations for strengthening tray sections and anchoring feed nozzles that are contacted by entering feeds. For liquid feeds, the nozzle velocity should not exceed 0.9 m/s. A series of figures and tables illustrate different arrangements for top, intermediate, and bottom feed nozzles and sumps, outlining factors and restrictions for each. Minimum residence times for liquid in the sump are recommended based on operating conditions and downstream equipment.

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    Residence Time

    Uploaded by

    tetemian8778
    90 views1 page
    This document discusses design considerations for feed nozzles and sumps in distillation columns. It provides recommendations for strengthening tray sections and anchoring feed nozzles that are contacted by entering feeds. For liquid feeds, the nozzle velocity should not exceed 0.9 m/s. A series of figures and tables illustrate different arrangements for top, intermediate, and bottom feed nozzles and sumps, outlining factors and restrictions for each. Minimum residence times for liquid in the sump are recommended based on operating conditions and downstream equipment.

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    This document discusses design considerations for feed nozzles and sumps in distillation columns. It provides recommendations for strengthening tray sections and anchoring feed nozzles that are contacted by entering feeds. For liquid feeds, the nozzle velocity should not exceed 0.9 m/s. A series of figures and tables illustrate different arrangements for top, intermediate, and bottom feed nozzles and sumps, outlining factors and restrictions for each. Minimum residence times for liquid in the sump are recommended based on operating conditions and downstream equipment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    90 views1 page

    Residence Time

    Uploaded by

    tetemian8778
    This document discusses design considerations for feed nozzles and sumps in distillation columns. It provides recommendations for strengthening tray sections and anchoring feed nozzles that are contacted by entering feeds. For liquid feeds, the nozzle velocity should not exceed 0.9 m/s. A series of figures and tables illustrate different arrangements for top, intermediate, and bottom feed nozzles and sumps, outlining factors and restrictions for each. Minimum residence times for liquid in the sump are recommended based on operating conditions and downstream equipment.

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    FIG.

    19-36
    Bottom Vapor Inlet

    FIG. 19-37
    22

    Residence Time for Liquid in the Sump21

    nozzles and other internal considerations must be addressed


    to eliminate problems. Kister21 presented a series of articles
    which discussed these areas in detail.

    Tray sections and baffles that are contacted by an entering


    feed should be strengthened and feed nozzles should be anchored to the tower shell. Feed lines containing two phase flow
    should be designed to minimize slugging which causes column
    instability and possible tray damage. For liquid feeds, the nozzle velocity should not exceed 0.9 m/s.

    Minimum
    residence
    time, min

    Liquid is withdrawn by level control and


    feeds another column directly by pressure

    Liquid is withdrawn by level control and


    pumped away. Spare pump starts manually.

    Liquid is withdrawn by level control and


    pumped away. Spare pump starts automatically.

    Liquid is withdrawn by level control anf


    feeds a unit that is some distance away
    or that has its instruments on a different control board.

    5-7

    Liquid is withdrawn by flow control.

    3-5

    Liquid flows through a thermosyphon reboiler without a level controller, to maintain a level in the sump.

    Top Feed Nozzles Fig. 19-32 illustrates various arrangements used for top-tray feed and reflux nozzles. Fig.
    19-33 lists factors and restrictions in each design. For cost
    reasons, arrangements of Fig. 19-32a, b, c, e, and f are preferred. However, for a two-phase stream only b, d, e, and h are
    suitable. Most installations use arrangement a or c for all-liquid feed while b and e are popular for a two-phase feed.

    Operating condition

    Intermediate Feed Nozzles Fig. 19-34 shows various methods for introducing intermediate column feeds.
    Fig. 19-35 summarizes the application area for each design.
    Fig. 19-34a is only suitable for subcooled liquids. Vapor containing or hot feeds would cause flashing in the downcomer
    and loss of capacity. Fig. 19-34b is only suitable for low-velocity liquid feeds and is seldom recommended. Fig. 19-34c and
    d show a similar nozzle location with a baffle to direct the feed
    stream. These are both designed for two-phase streams with
    d being the preferred arrangement. Fig. 19-34c can be used for

    FIG. 19-38
    Example Baffle Arrangements for Bottom Sumps for Recirculating Reboilers21

    Reboiler
    Return

    Reboiler
    Return

    Reboiler
    Return

    Auxiliary
    Baffle

    Reboiler
    Return

    Preferential
    Baffle

    To
    Reboiler

    Bottom
    Product

    a.

    To
    Reboiler

    Bottom
    Product

    To
    Reboiler

    b.

    Bottom
    Product

    c.

    19-25

    To
    Reboiler

    Bottom
    Product

    d.

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