This document provides an overview of a lecture on signal processing and sinusoids. The objectives are to understand mathematical descriptions of signal processing algorithms and express them as computer implementations in MATLAB. Sinusoids are introduced as fundamental signals, with examples like a tuning fork waveform and digitized speech. Key concepts covered include sinusoidal signals, frequency, amplitude, phase, sampling, and plotting signals from formulas. The document establishes that signal processing involves applying mathematical and computational techniques to physical signals.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on signal processing and sinusoids. The objectives are to understand mathematical descriptions of signal processing algorithms and express them as computer implementations in MATLAB. Sinusoids are introduced as fundamental signals, with examples like a tuning fork waveform and digitized speech. Key concepts covered include sinusoidal signals, frequency, amplitude, phase, sampling, and plotting signals from formulas. The document establishes that signal processing involves applying mathematical and computational techniques to physical signals.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on signal processing and sinusoids. The objectives are to understand mathematical descriptions of signal processing algorithms and express them as computer implementations in MATLAB. Sinusoids are introduced as fundamental signals, with examples like a tuning fork waveform and digitized speech. Key concepts covered include sinusoidal signals, frequency, amplitude, phase, sampling, and plotting signals from formulas. The document establishes that signal processing involves applying mathematical and computational techniques to physical signals.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on signal processing and sinusoids. The objectives are to understand mathematical descriptions of signal processing algorithms and express them as computer implementations in MATLAB. Sinusoids are introduced as fundamental signals, with examples like a tuning fork waveform and digitized speech. Key concepts covered include sinusoidal signals, frequency, amplitude, phase, sampling, and plotting signals from formulas. The document establishes that signal processing involves applying mathematical and computational techniques to physical signals.
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Signal Processing First
LECTURE #1 Sinusoids
READING ASSIGNMENTS This Lecture: Chapter 2, pp. 9-17
Appendix A: Complex Numbers
Appendix B: MATLAB Chapter 1: Introduction
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CONVERGING FIELDS Math
Physics
EE CmpE Computer Science
Applications
BIO 07/09/15
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COURSE OBJECTIVE Students will be able to: Understand mathematical descriptions of signal processing algorithms and express those algorithms as computer implementations (MATLAB) What are your objectives?
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WHY USE DSP ?
Mathematical abstractions lead to generalization and discovery of new processing techniques Computer implementations are flexible Applications provide a physical context 07/09/15
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Fourier Everywhere Telecommunications Sound & Music CDROM, Digital Video
Fourier Optics: the study of classical optics using Fourier
transforms X-ray Crystallography Protein Structure & DNA
Computerized Tomography Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: MRI Radioastronomy Ref: Prestini, The Evolution of Applied Harmonic Analysis
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LECTURE OBJECTIVES Write general formula for a sinusoidal waveform, or signal From the formula, plot the sinusoid versus time Whats a signal? Its a function of time, x(t) in the mathematical sense 07/09/15
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TUNING FORK EXAMPLE
CD-ROM demo A is at 440 Hertz (Hz) Waveform is a SINUSOIDAL SIGNAL Computer plot looks like a sine wave This should be the mathematical formula:
A cos(2 ( 440)t ) 07/09/15
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TUNING FORK A-440 Waveform
T 8.15 5.85 2.3 ms
Time (sec)
f 1/ T 1000 / 2.3 435 Hz
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SPEECH EXAMPLE More complicated signal (BAT.WAV) Waveform x(t) is NOT a Sinusoid Theory will tell us x(t) is approximately a sum of sinusoids FOURIER ANALYSIS Break x(t) into its sinusoidal components
Called the FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
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Speech Signal: BAT
Nearly Periodic in Vowel Region Period is (Approximately) T = 0.0065 sec
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DIGITIZE the WAVEFORM
x[n] is a SAMPLED SINUSOID A list of numbers stored in memory
Sample at 11,025 samples per second
Called the SAMPLING RATE of the A/D Time between samples is 1/11025 = 90.7 microsec
Output via D/A hardware (at Fsamp)
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STORING DIGITAL SOUND
x[n] is a SAMPLED SINUSOID A list of numbers stored in memory
CD rate is 44,100 samples per second
16-bit samples Stereo uses 2 channels Number of bytes for 1 minute is 2 X (16/8) X 60 X 44100 = 10.584 Mbytes
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SINES and COSINES
Always use the COSINE FORM
A cos(2 ( 440)t ) Sine is a special case:
sin( t ) 07/09/15
cos( t 2 ) 2003 rws/jMc
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SINUSOIDAL SIGNAL
A cos( t ) FREQUENCY
Radians/sec Hertz (cycles/sec)
AMPLITUDE Magnitude
(2 ) f
PERIOD (in sec)
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1 2 T f
PHASE
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EXAMPLE of SINUSOID Given the Formula Make a plot
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5 cos(0.3 t 1.2 )
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PLOT COSINE SIGNAL
5cos(0.3 t 12 . ) Formula defines A, , and
A5 0.3 1.2 07/09/15
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PLOTTING COSINE SIGNAL
from the FORMULA
5 cos(0.3 t 1.2 ) Determine period:
T 2 / 2 / 0.3 20 / 3
Determine a peak location by solving
( t ) 0 (0.3 t 1.2 ) 0 Zero crossing is T/4 before or after Positive & Negative peaks spaced by T/2 07/09/15
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PLOT the SINUSOID
5 cos(0.3 t 1.2 ) Use T=20/3 and the peak location at t=-4
