Itws Manual

TASK 1:
Introduction to the Computer and Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and
its functions. Draw the block diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral and
submit to your instructor
AIM: To identify the peripherals of a computer.
Hardware Requirements: Cabinet, Hard Disk, CD/DVD Drive, Floppy Drive, Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard,
Mother Board, Socket 478, Processor, Heat Sink Fan, RAM Slots, PCI Slot, AGP Slots, CMOS Battery,
BIOS, North Bridge, South Bridge, IDE Slots, SMPS, ATX power Connector.
Software Requirements: Not Required
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER:
A computer is a programmable machine or computer is an electronic device which takes the input
information from the input device, process or executes the input in Processor or CPU and generates the
output information through output devices. Computer enables arithmetic computations, data processing,
information management (storage) and knowledge reasoning in an efficient manner.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER-
Basically the computer system has three major components. These are
1. Central Processing Unit (Processor)
2. Input and Output Unit.
3. Memory Unit (Main Memory and Auxiliary storage).
1. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:
The Central Processing Unit takes the input data from the input devices and processes it according to
the set of instructions. After that generate the output and sends the output to the output devices. The CPU is
composed three parts. These are
IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL
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a) ALU:
Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) is used to do the arithmetic operations on data by adding, subtracting,
dividing, multiplying and incrementing and decrementing.
It is also used for Logical operations like AND, OR, NOT and X-OR.
b) CU:
Control unit is mainly used for generating the electronic control & timing signals for program
execution. It controls all the operations of the computer.
c) Registers:
CPU also possesses the memory to hold the data temporarily during the execution of an instruction.
These are small memory locations in CPU.
2. INPUT AND OUTPUT UNIT:
INPUT DEVICE:
Input devices accept the data and instructions from the user.
Ex: Mouse, Scanner, Keyboard, joysticks, digital cameras, microphones, etc
OUTPUT DEVICE:
Output devices return the processed data back to the user.
Ex: Monitor, Printer, etc
3. MEMORY UNIT:
Memory is like an electronic scratch pad inside the computer. It is a storage unit to hold the data.
In the computer the data will be stored and retrieved in the form of bits and bytes. The byte will store
a single character such as a letter of the alphabet or a numeral.
a) 8 BITS = 1 BYTE
b)
1024 BYTES = 1 KB
c)
1024 KB = 1 MB
d) 1024 MB = 1 GB
e) 1024 GB = 1 TB.
The memory can be classified into two categories. These are
I.
II.
primary or main memory

Secondary or auxiliary memory
I. PRIMARY OR MAIN MEMORY:

Primary memory is the fastest memory in a computer. This memory is primarily (temporarily) used to store
the data and programs during the execution of a program.
Primary memory is classified into two categories called
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a) Random Access Memory (RAM)

b)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
II. SECONDARY OR AUXILIARY MEMORY:

Secondary memory used to store the data permanently. The data will be
stored in storage devices. Storage devices are like Magnetic disks,
Hard disks, Floppy disks, Compact disks
IDENTIFICATION OF PERIPHERALS:
1.
Cabinet:
It is used to install all hardware devices like (Mother Board, SMPS, HDD, CD ROM, and FDD). It
has Start, Restart Button, Leds, Audio and USB Connecters are available at front side.
2.
The Mother Board/ System Board

In Personal Computers, a Mother Board is the central printed circuit Board (PCB) in many modern
computers and holds many of the crucial components of the system, providing connectors for other
peripherals. It is also called as main board or system board.
Classification of Mother Boards:
1) Integrated Mother Boards have all the peripheral device slots, input output ports, serial and
parallel ports are mounted on the board.
2) Non-Integrated Mother Boards have all peripheral device slots and input output ports,, serial
and parallel ports are connected using expansion Boards.
List of Mother Board Manufactures are: Intel, Zebronics, Acer Inc.,VIA Technologies, etc.
Mother Board
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Mother Board Parts:

a) Socket 478: It has 478 pin slots to place the CPU in it and
above the CPU place the Heat Sink Fan to cool the processor
when it generates the heat and we can fix the fan with locks.
b) CPU or Processor
CPU The central processing unit contains the heart of any computer, the
processor. The processor is fitted on to a Mother Board. The Mother Board
contains various components, which support the functioning of a PC. Clock
Speed measures how fast a processor completes operations, usually
measured in megahertz and gigahertz. A 1.8GHz processor runs at
1,800,000,000 cycles per second. List of CPU Manufacturers are: AMD,
INTEL,
Samsung,
IBM,
Transmeta,
etc.
Heat Sink Fan

c) RAM Slots and RAMs
RAM Slots are used to place the RAM Cards. RAMs are used to increase the processing speed the
system to run application more effectively, and it has temporary memory. We have two types of
RAMs
i)
SD RAM (Synchronous Dynamic), it has two Gaps/Notches

ii)
DDR RAM (Double Data Rate), it has one Gap/Notch
iii)
DDR RAM
SD RAM
Manufactures of RAMs are Transcend, Kingston, Micron, Hynix, etc.
d) North Bridge:
It is also called as controller. It converts electronic signals to binary values and
binary values to electronic signal
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e) South Bridge:
It is controls major components of mother board and it is a back bone of the input out devices. It
is communicates PCI slots, IDE-1, IDE-2, floppy connecter, BIOS chip.
f) CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Battery
Computer is using a coin shape battery. It generates the clock signal and it
manages system time continuously.
g) Primary & Secondary(IDE-1 & IDE-2) :
Mainly there are three IDE slots and cables i.e. IDE-1 (Primary) to connect Hard Disk Drive
having 40 pin slot and 80 wire cable, IDE-2 (Secondary) to connect CD/DVD Drive having 40
pin slot and 40 wire cable, IDE-3 (Tertiary) to connect Floppy Drive having 35 pin slot 3.5inch
wire with a cut in middle. But present mother boards does not have IDE-3 slot.
h) Input & Output ports :
I/O
ports
are
used
to
such as key boards, mouse,
connecting I/O device

monitor,
printer,
scanner, speakers etc...
i) AGP Slot & AGP Card :

Accelerated Graphic Port (AGP) Slot is used install the AGP card. AGP back view same as VGA
port (15-pins) and used to connecting the monitors.

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j) PCI(Expansion) Cards, PCI Slots :

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slots are used to place the PCI cards such as LAN
(Ethernet) Card, Sound Card, TV Tuner Card, etc.
LAN Card
Sound Card
TV Tuner Card
k) BIOS Chip :
BIOS (Basic Input Output System) controls how the operating
system and hardware wok together and manages all the hardware
devices installed in mother board.
l) ATX Power connecter Slot:
ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) power connector slot
used to place the ATX power connector from SMPS to supply the
power to motherboard.
3. SMPS (Switched mode Power Supply)
To supply the power to all the components inside the cabinet and it is a case
that holds a transformer, voltage control and fan.
4. HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
HDD is a device for storing and retrieving digital information, primarily computer data. It consists of
rotating discs (often referred to as platters), coated with magnetic material and with magnetic
heads arranged to write data to the surfaces and read it from them.
List of Manufacturers of HDD Devices are: Hitachi, Samsung, Toshiba, Seagate Technology

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5. CD-ROM Drive/ DVD ROM Drive

CD Drive the most common type of removable media.
The common types are: CD-ROM, CD-RW, CD-R, DVD, DVD-ROM.,
DVD-RW, DVD-R
6. Different Screws Used:
A Computer system has three kinds screws
i)
ii)
iii)
Mother Board Screws (Small Size)

HDD, CD/DVD, FDD Drive Screws (Medium Size)
Outer screws to fix sides of cabinet (Large Size)
Result: Introduction to computers and Identification peripherals task

completed.
Viva Questions:
1) What is Computer?
Ans: Computer is an Electronic Device which takes the input from input devices, process it and send the
output to output devices.
2) What is Software?
Ans: Software is a set of programs used to operate computer and related devices. Software is the
interface between user and Computer.
3) What is Hardware?
Ans: Hardware is the physical part of the System
4) What are the functional units of Computer?
Ans: Input Devices, Output Devices, CPU.
5) RAM and ROM Stands for?
Ans: RAM- Random Access Memory (Volatile Memory)
ROM- Read Only Memory (Non- Volatile Memory)

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TASK 2:
Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working condition. Lab instructors
should verify the work and follow it up with a Viva. Also students need to go through the video which
shows the process of assembling a PC. A video would be given as part of the course content.
AIM: TO assemble and disassemble the system
Hardware Requirements: Cabinet, Hard Disk, CD/DVD Drive, Floppy Drive, Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard,
Mother Board, Processor, Heat Sink Fan, RAM Cards, PCI Cards, AGP Card, CMOS Battery, IDE cables,
SMPS, ATX power Connector.
Software Requirements: Not Required
Safety Precautions:
1. Beware of electrostatic discharge (ESO)
2. Build computer on a hard surface, away from concepts.
3. Wear shoes and the short sleeved cotton wear.
4. Use Phillips, head screw driver.
5. Keep the components away from moisture.
Avoid using pressure while installing.
6. Setting the cabinet ready.
1. Steps for Assembling:
2. Preparing to fit the components.
3. Fitting the mother board.
4. Fitting the RAM, processor and cooler.
5. Installing PCI cards.
6. Fitting the hard disk and floppy drive.
7. Installing the CD ROM drives.
8. Connecting the ribbon cables.
9. Powering the drives and mother board.
10. Connecting the cables for the case front panel.
11. Final check.
Getting the Cabinet ready:1. Check how to open the cabinet and determine where to fix
the components.
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2. Determine if the case has the appropriate risers installed.

Preparing to fit the Components:
1.
Network adapter drive.
2.
Floppy disk drive.
3.
BUS cables.
4.
Hard disk.
5.
CD-ROM Drive.
6.
RAM
7.
CPU
8.
Heat sink / cooler / fan.
9.
Mother board.
10. Screws.
Fitting the Mother board:
1. Line up the patch on the motherboard with the appropriate
holes in the block panel I/O shield of the case.
2. Check the points where you and to install
3. Install them and make the mother board sit on them and fix
screws if required.
Fitting the processor:
1. Raise the small lever at the side of the socket.
2. Notice that there is a pin missing at one corner, determine the direction to fit in the processor.
3. You should not force the CPU. When inserting it. All pins should slide smoothly into the socket.
4. Lock the lever back down.
5. Install the heat sink over it (Different type for each processor). Heat sink / CPU fan.

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Fitting the RAM:

1. The RAM must be suitable for motherboard.
2. There are currently 2 types of RAM available.
a) SD RAM.
b) DDR RAM.
3. The mother boards chipset determines which type of
RAM may be used.
Installing the PCI Cards:
1. Most of the cards are inbuilt these days.
2. Network Interface Cards, Sound Cards etc. are fitted
into PCI slots.
Fitting the hard disk and Floppy disk:
1. Place the floppy and hard disks in their slots.
2. Leave some space above HDD to prevent heat building.
3. Check the jumper configuration.
4. Fix the screws.
Installing the CD-ROM Drives:
1. CD-ROM drive is similar to installing a hard disk.
2. 1ST check that the jumper configuration is correct.
3. Fix the screw.
Connecting the BUS Cables, power connectors:1. Attach the long end of the cable to the IDEU connector on the motherboard first.
2. The red stripe on the IDE cable should be facing the CD Power.

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Final Check:1. Mother board jumper configurations are the settings for
the processor operator.
2. Drive jumper settings, master/ slave correct?
3. Is the processor, RAM modules and plug in cards finally
seated in their sockets?
4. Did you plug all the cables in? Do they all fit really?
5. Have you frightened all the screws in plug- in cards or
fitted the clips?
6. Are the drive secure?
7. Have u connected the power cables to all driver?
Result: Assembling and disassembling procedure is successfully completed.
Viva Questions:
1) What is the use of heat sink fan?
Ans: Heat Sink fan keeps the Processor cool.
2) HDD Stands for?
Ans: Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
3) IDE Stands for?
Ans: Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
4) LED Stands for?
Ans: Light Emitting Diode (LED)
5) What is the use of Network Adapter?
Ans: A Network Adapter Provides the interface between a computer and network.

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TASK 3:
Every student should individually install MS windows on the personal computer. Lab instructor
should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viv
a.
INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS XP:

AIM: To install Windows XP
Hardware Requirements: Personal Computer, XP CD
Software Requirements: Operating System
THEORY:
WINDOWS XP Wide Interactive Network for Development of Office Work Solutions- Experience
Microsoft Windows XP was introduced in 2001 and is the most significant upgrade to the Windows operating
system since Windows 95.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1 - Start your PC and place your Windows XP CD in your CD/DVD-ROM drive. Your PC should
automatically detect the CD and you will get a message saying "Press any key to boot from CD". Soon as
computer starts booting from the CD your will get the following screen:
Step 2 You will get Windows Setup Screen. At this stage the system starts loading the drivers required to
install the operating system.

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Step 3 - You will then get a Windows XP Professional Setup screen. You have the following options:
i)
To set up Windows XP now, press Enter
ii)
To repair a Windows Xp Installation, press R
iii)
To quit set up without installing windows XP, press F3.
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Step 4 - You will be presented with the End User Licensing Agreement. Press F8 to accept and continue
Step 5 You will get Windows XP Professional Setup screen and having the following options:
i)
To set up windows XP on selected item, press Enter
ii)
To create a partition in the unpartitioned space, press C
iii)
To delete the selected item , press D
When you are doing new partition in hard disk press C to create partition in unpartitioned space
and give required size for the drive and press Enter.
Step 6 After completion of creating partitions Select Partition 1 (C: Drive) to install operating system on C
Drive and press Enter.

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Step 7 - Choose format of the partition using NTFS/FAT file system. NTFS is the recommended file system
with Quick option. If the hard drive has been formatted before then you can choose quick NTFS format. We
chose NTFS because it offers many security features, supports larger drive size, and bigger size files.
NTFS:
i)
New/Network Technology File System
ii)
It supports larger drive size, bigger size files
iii)
It is more faster to allocate the memory, accessing the data
iv)
Provides more security features.
v)
Provides more Networking options
vi)
Partition size can be of 2 TB or more and file size can be 16 GB
FAT:
i)
ii)
iii)
File Allocation Table File System

It supports low drive size, lesser size files
It is more slower to allocate the memory, accessing the data
iv)
Provides less security features.
v)
Provides less Networking options
vi)
Partition size can be of 2 TB or more and file size can be 4 GB

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Step 8 - Windows will now start formatting drive C: and start copying setup files from CD to C Drive.
Step 9 - After the setup has completed copying the files the computer will restart. Leave the XP CD in the
drive but this time DO NOT press any key when the message "Press any key to boot from CD" is displayed.
In few seconds setup will continue. Windows XP Setup wizard will guide you through the setup process of
gathering information about your computer.

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Step 10 - Choose your region and language.
Step 11 - Type in your name and organization.
Step 12: Enter your product key. XP Product Key has 25 Characters.
Step 13 - Name the computer, and enter an Administrator password. Don't forget to write down your
Administrator password.

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Step 14 - Enter the correct date, time and choose your time zone.
Step 15 - For the network setting choose typical and press next.
Step 16 - Choose workgroup or domain name. If you are not a member of a domain then leave the default
settings and press next. Windows will restart again and adjust the display.

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Step 17 - Finally Windows will start and present you with a Welcome screen. Click next to continue.
Step 18 - Choose 'help protect my PC by turning on automatic updates now' and press next.
Step 19 - Will this computer connect to the internet directly, or through a network? If you are connected to a
router or LAN then choose: 'Yes, this computer will connect through a local area network or home network'.
If you have dial up modem choose: 'No, this computer will connect directly to the internet'. Then click Next.

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Step 20 - Add users that will sign on to this computer and click next.
Step 21 - You will get a Thank you screen to confirm setup is complete. Click finish.

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Step 22: Log in, to your PC for the first time.
Test Data: No Test Data for this Experiment

Errors: No Errors for this for this Experiment
Result: Installing the Windows XP operating system on a pc is completed
Viva Questions:
1) Difference between NTFS and FAT File Systems?
Ans: NTFS ( New Technology File System or Network Technology File System) partition size can be of 2
TB or more and file size can be 16 GB. File/Folder Encryption is done and supports file name character up
to 255 characters.
FAT (File Allocation Table) partition size can be up to2 TB and file size can be 4 GB. File/ Folder Encryption
are not possible and supports file name up to 5 characters.
2) GUI Stands for?
Ans: Graphical User Interface
3) BIOS Stands for?
Ans: Basic Input Output System
4) What is the minimum size required for installing the XP operating system on a hard disk?
Ans: 4 GB
5) List the Different Microsoft Operating Systems?
Ans: Windows, Windows NT, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008,
Windows 7.
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TASK 4:
Every student should install Linux on the computer .This computer should have windows installed.
The system should be configured as dual boot with both windows and Linux. Lab instructor should
verify the installation and follow it up with a viva.
AIM: To install Linux in system
Software Requirement: Linux compact discs (3)
Hardware Requirement: Personal Computer
THEORY: Linux is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide personal computer users a
free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems.
Linux has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system. Linux's kernel (the central part of the
operating system) was developed by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland. To complete
the operating system, Torvalds and other team members made use of system components developed by
members of the Free Software Foundation for the GNU Project.
PROCEDURE:
1. Language Selection
Using your mouse select the language you would prefer to use for the installation
Click next to continue.
2. Key Board Configuration:
Using your mouse select the correct layout type for the keyboard you would prefer to use for the
installation and as the system default.
Once you have made the selection click next to continue.
3. Mouse Configuration:
If you have a PS/2, USB or Bus mouse you do not need to pick a port and device. If you have a serial
mouse, you should choose the correct port and device that your serial mouse is on.
The Emulate 3 buttons checkbox allows you to use a two-button mouse as if it had three buttons. If
you select this check box you can emulate a third middle button by pressing both mouse buttons
simultaneously.
4. Installation Type:
Choose the type of installation you would like to perform.
Your options are Personal desktop, Workstation, Server, Custom and upgrade

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5. Disk partition Setup:
You can chose automatic partitioning or manual partitioning using Disk Druid of fdisk.
Automatic partitioning allows you to perform an installation without having to partition your drives
yourself.
Automatic partitioning allows you to have some control concerning what data is removed from your
system.
Your options are:

Remove all Linux partitions on this system.
Remove all partitions on this system
Keep all partitions and use existing free space.
To partition manually choose either Disk druid or fdisk partitioning tool.
Lick next once you have made your selections.
5. Partitioning your system:
If you chose automatic partitioning and did not select Review skip ahead
If you choose automatic partitioning and selected review you can either accept the current
partition settings (click next) or modify the setup using Disk Druid, the manual partition
tool.
If you choose manual partition with fdisk skip ahead.
At this point you must tell the installation program where to install Linux. This is done by
defining mount points for one or more disk partitions in which Linux will be installed.
6. Adding Partitions:
To add a new partition select new button, a dialogue box appears.
Select the options and click ok
7. Boot Loader Configuration:
Boot loader is the first software program that runs when a computer starts.
The installation program provides two boot loaders GRUB ( GR and Unified Boot Loader) which
is the default and LILO
If you do not want GRUB as your boot loader click Change Boot Loader.

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You can then choose to install LILO or choose not to install boot loader at all by clicking Do not
install boot loader on the change boot loader button.
Network devices are automatically detected and displayed in Network Devices list,
Select a network device and click Edit
Here you can configure IP address and net mask of the device.
8. Firewall configuration:
Offers firewall protection for enhanced protection.
A properly configured firewall can greatly increase the security of the system.
9. Time zone configuration:

You can set your time zone by selecting your computers physical location or by specifying your time zones
offset from Universal Time.
10. Account Configuration:
Allows to set Root password or user accounts
Root count is similar to the administrator password that you set up in Win NT.
Click add button to add a new non-rot user.
Enter the details and click OK.
11. Packing group selection:

You can select package groups which groups components together or individual packages or a combination
of the two.

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LINUX Commands:
1. ls
by this command we can see only file name nothing else
syntax
$ls
2.clear
it will clear the screen(short cut ctl+l)
syntax
$clear
3.exit to end a current session as well current terminal logging
syntax
$exit
4.touch to create a new empty file
syntax
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$touch
5.cd to change the working/present directory
syntax
$cd /home/mango
where '/home/mango' is the desired directory to be change from '/root'
6.cat to view the contents of a file and it is also used for creating a new file with some contents
Syntax
$cat <file name>
to view file contents
$cat > newfilename
enter,then you can write something in the file and then to save the file contents press
clt+d then enter

7.mkdir
to make a new directory
syntax
$mkdir newdirname
you can also create a directory at your desired path without changing your present working directory
syntax
$mkdir /home/mango/newdirname
8.rm
to remove a empty file
syntax
$rm filename
9.rmdir
to remove a empty directory
syntax
$rmdir directoryname
10.rm
[-i/-r/-f] to remove a directory with its subdirectories as well as its files that is to remove a directory
which already contains some files in it

syntax
$rm -i directory/filename
-i stands for interactively
-r stands for recursively
-f stands for forcefully
11.cp
to copy something in a destination file or directory

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syntax
$cp sourcepath destinationpath
example: $cp /home/mango/webmin.rpm /root/abcd
in this example the webmin.rpm file will be copied in /root/abcd directory
12.mv
to move one file or directory from one place to another place, it
is also used for renaming adirectory or file

syntax
$mv source destination
$mv oldfilename newfilename
13.man
[to change the file name]
to view the 47anual page of commands for syntax
syntax
$man commandname
14.info
to view the information about any command
syntax
$mkdir info
15.--help
to view the help 47ocuments of a command
syntax
$commandname help
16.who
by this command you can see the user name and their ip addresses who have loged in on your
server
Syntax
$who
17.whoami
this command shows your current logged in terminal user name
syntax
$whoami
Standard directory structure
/ - the topmost
/dev - all the devices are accessible as files
/var - variable data such as mails, log files, databases
/usr - almost all the packages installed
/etc - configuration files
/home - home directories for all the users
/root - home directory of the privileged user root
/mnt - used to mount other directories/partitions
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Result: Installing the LINUX operating system on a pc is completed
Viva Questions:
1) What is Kernel?
Ans: Kernel is the main component of most computer operating systems; it is a bridge between applications
and the actual data processing done at the hardware level.
2) Different Types of Linux Operating Systems
Ans: Red Hat, Fedora, Ubuntu, Open Suse
3) What is the purpose of CAT command?
Ans: CAT is used to concatenate files to standard output
4) What is the purpose of MAN Command?
Ans: MAN displays Manual pages for a particular command
5) What is purpose of clear command?
Ans: It clears the screen
TASK 5:
Students have to be given a PC which does not boot due to improper assembly or defective
peripherals. They should identify the problem and fix it to get the computer back to working
condition. The work done should be verified by the instructor and followed up with a Viva
AIM: Hardware troubleshooting
Hardware Requirements: Personal Computer
THEORY:
If your PC hangs up or freezes it may be due to the hardware/software conflicts, faulty processor fan,
inadequate RAM and a virus/spyware attack. To deal with the security related threats such as viruses,
hacking attacks, spyware, adware, Trojan horses, browser hijacks and other, you need to install up-to-dated
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antivirus, anti spyware software and properly configured firewall software or hardware. This article will
provide you help in troubleshooting the most common problems with your PC.
Hard Disk Problems
If you hard disk does not spin up then you need to do the following.
Check the power connectors are properly connected.
Check if the IDE ribbon cable is properly connected with the motherboard and hard disk.
If the problem still not resolved then there may be bad sectors or other physical defects in your hard disk.
Use a hard disk diagnostic utility, it will diagnose the health status of your hard disk and will help you to
troubleshoot the common problems.
Printer Problems
If your printer does not print, then you need to do the following.
Check the cables.
Restart the printer.
Update the driver.
Check the alignment of the printer.
If the problem is still not resolved then you need to reinstall the printer.
Memory Problems
Sometimes bad or low memory leads to system crash, slow response time and the system freeze. To
troubleshoot the memory related problems in your system you need to do the following.
Check the memory sticks.
Replace the memory modules.
Increase the amount of memory in your system. It will fix a number of system errors that are caused due to
the low memory.
Motherboard Problems
A PC motherboard consists of an I/O ports, expansion slots, input device ports, RAM memory and CPU
socket. A misconfigured motherboard may results in the system errors or no display at all. To troubleshoot
the errors with your systems motherboard you need to do the following.
Double check the motherboards jumper settings
Upgrade the drivers of the newly installed motherboard and set the BIOS according to the manufacturers
manual.
Remove all the optional devices and see if the problem is solved or not.
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Double check all the connections to the motherboard.

Check the systems BIOS and see if it is properly configured or not.
Make sure that the keyboard and mouse are properly inserted into the motherboard.
Computer error beeps codes:
No beep: short, no power, bad CPU/ MD, loose peripherals.
One beep: everything is normal & computer posted tax.
Two beeps: post / CMOS error.
One long beep One short beep: Motherboard problem.
One long beep two short beep: video problem.
One long beep 3 short beeps: video problem.
3 long beeps: keyboard error.
Repeated long beep: memory error.
Continuous high- low beeps: CPU overheating
Result: Hardware Troubleshooting is completed on a system
Viva Questions:
1) Define Trouble Shooting?
Ans: Trouble shooting is the procedure to solve the problems and giving the solutions to them.
2) If the Picture of the Monitor is not visible, give the solution?
Ans: Check the power connections on both sides of cabinet and monitor, check the Brightness control.
TASK 6:
Students have to be given a malfunctioning CPU due to system software problems. They should
identify the problem and fix it to get the computer back to working condition. The work done should
be verified by the instructor and followed up by the viva.
AIM: Software troubleshooting
PROCEDURE:
Error messages encountered during boot before Windows loads
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Ensure that your computer BIOS settings are correctly configured to the hardware that is installed in
your computer
Error messages while windows loading

1. If you have recently installed or changed something that could have caused normal windows to stop
loading, try loading the last known good configuration
2. If you are unable to get into Normal windows and believe that removing or uninstalling a program or
changing a setting may help enable you to get into windows, boot the computer into windows XP safe mode
3. If your computer has worked fine in the past but recently
has been experiencing the issue you are
encountering run the system restore option to restore the computer to an earlier date
Other error messages that occur while windows is loading or after windows is loaded
1. If error occurs but windows still loads, verify no issues or conflict exits in device manager
2. Ensure that if programs are loading automatically that these errors are not associated with these programs
3. Make sure Windows XP is up to date by checking Microsoft windows update page
4. If your computer has virus protection installed make sure that it is up to date and that no virus are being
detected
5. If your computer has worked fine in the past but recently
has been experiencing the issue you are
encountering run the system restore option to restore the computer to an earlier date
REINSTALL: When a particular program is not working, reinstalling the failing application may be the fix
you need. Save any settings and data used by the program, and then use the original install disks to recopy
the program components to your hard drive.
ELIMINATE TROUBLESOME PROGRAMS: If you notice that consistent problems began when you
installed an unnecessary program, then uninstall that program from your system (click on START ->
SETTINGS -> CONTROL PANEL -> ADD/REMOVE PROGRAMS).
REINSTALL/UPDATE DRIVERS: Many hardware associated problems are caused by driver conflicts,
corrupt driver components, and drivers which need to be updated for use with new program releases. When a
piece of hardware stops working or continually produces errors, try reinstalling the driver disk that came with
it.
DEFRAG THE HARD DRIVE: After a computer has been used for a while, data and software components
tend to get scattered around the surface of the hard drive. This can lead to cross linked files, problems with
software, and reduced system performance. Running a defrag takes each of these scattered bits of
information and lines them up neatly in concentric circles on the hard drive. Your system will perform faster
after defragmentation, and certain types of software problems will be eliminated. To run the built in
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Windows defrag program, click on START -> PROGRAMS -> ACCESSORIES - SYSTEM TOOLS ->
DISK DEFRAGMENTER.
REINSTALL THE OS: Reinstalling your Windows operating system is one of the best cures to an
enormous number of common computer problems.
Result: Software Troubleshooting is completed on system software
Viva Questions:
1) What is Software Trouble Shooting?
Ans: Is referred to removal of the problems arising due to system software or application software.
2) What is the Defragmentation?
Ans: Defragmenting a computer is a process for cleaning out fragmented files and folders on a hard drive.
3) Define Virus?
Ans: A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your
knowledge and runs against your wishes.
4) Define Device Driver?
Ans: Device Driver is a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a
hardware device.
5) What is the minimum free space required for better performance of a computer?
Ans: Make sure your computer has at least 50 MB of free hard disk space.
TASK 7:
Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to their Local Area Network and
access the Internet. In the process they configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally students should demonstrate, to
the instructor, how to access the websites and email. If there is no internet connectivity preparations need to
be made by the instructors to simulate the WWW on the LAN
AIM: To learn Local Area Network and access the Internet. In the process they configure the TCP/IP setting.
Finally students should demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access the websites and email
Hardware Requirements: Personal Computer, LAN Card, LAN cables
THEORY:
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The internet is a worldwide, publicly network of interconnected computer networks

LOCAL AREA NETWORK:
LANs are privately owned networks within a single building or campus of up to few kilometers in size.
METROPOLITON AREA NETWORK
MANs are group of networks which are located in different metropolitan cities, within a city covering
different areas.
WIDE AREA NETWORK:
A WAN is a network that connects computers across a large geographic area such as a city or country.
Classes of Networks:
Class Type
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Subnet Mask
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
1st Octet Range

No. of Computers
0-124
256X256X256
125-198
256X256
199-225
256
Reserved for new researches
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):

Collection of methods used to connect servers on the internet and to exchange data.
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language):
The coding used to control the look of documents on the web
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol):
Part of a URL that identifies the location as one that uses HTML
IP (Internet Protocol):
A format for contents and addresses of packets of information sent over the internet
IP ADDRESS:
An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network
SEARCH ENGINE:
A program that searches documents located on the Internet for keywords or phrases entered by a person
browsing the net.
Internet Connection requirements:
TCP/IP protocol
Client Software
ISP Account
Means of communication to the net

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telephone Modem
Ethernet
ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)
DSL(Digital Subscriber Line)
Satellite.
PROCUDURE:
Open Network Connections.
Click the connection you want to configure, and then, under Network Tasks, click Change settings of this
connection.
Do one of the following:
If the connection is a local area connection, on the General tab, under This connection uses the following
items, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties.
If this is a dial-up, VPN, or incoming connection, click the Networking tab. In This connection uses the
following items, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties.
If you want IP settings to be assigned automatically, click Obtain an IP address automatically, and then
click OK.
If you want to specify an IP address or a DNS server address, do the following:
Click Use the following IP address, and in IP address, type the IP address.
Click Use the following DNS server addresses, and in Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server,
type the addresses of the primary and secondary DNS servers.
To configure DNS, WINS, and IP Settings, click Advanced.
To make a Local Area Connection
If you have a network adapter installed, and have set up a home or small office network, you are connected to
a local area network (LAN). You are also connected to a LAN if your Windows XP Professional computer is
part of a corporate network. When you start your computer, your network adapter is detected and the local
area connection automatically starts. Unlike other types of connections, the local area connection is created
automatically, and you do not have to click the local area connection in order to start it.
Result: LAN Connectivity Task is completed.
Viva Questions:
1) Define internet?
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Ans: The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.
2) What do you mean by network?
Ans: Network is a collection of hardware components and computers interconnected by communication
channels
3) Define a web browser
Ans: A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information
resources on the World Wide Web.
4) What are the different types of web browsers?
Ans: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Google Chrome, Arora, BOLT Browser,etc.
5) What is IP Address?
Ans: Internet Protocol Address (or IP Address) is an unique address that computing devices use to
identify itself and communicate with other devices in the Internet
TASK 8:
Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the LAN proxy settings,
bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and JRE for applets
should be configured
PURPOSE: To learn to surf the web
Software Requirements: Operating System, Web Browser, Plug-ins
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THEORY:
Web browser provides the means to the searching and also helps to download the web content.
Web browsers support most of the famous Internet Protocols like HTTP, FTP.
Common file formats a browser accepts are HTML
Well known browsers natively support a variety of other formats in addition to HTML such as
JPEG,PNG,GIF image formats
Different web browsers available in the market are:

Silver Smith
Mosaic
Netscape
Mozilla
Opera
Lynx
Safari
Bookmark:
Each web browser is built-in with the support of Internet Bookmarks which serve as a named anchor
primarily to URLs. The primary purpose of this book mark is to easily catalog and access web pages that the
web browser user has visited or plans to visit, without having to navigate the web to get there.
Pop-up Blockers:
Pop-ups are a form of online advertising on the WWW intended to attract the attention of the users. These
pop ups are hosted on the web sites which are frequently visited by the netizens. These pop ups are activated
when these web sites open a new web browser window and there by displaying the advertisements.
Plug-ins:
A plug-in is a software component program that interacts with a main application to provide a better
integration of the media. The basic difference between application programs and plug-ins is that multimedia
files are launched in a separate window where as in plug-ins multimedia play in the browser window.
Few famous plug-ins are:
Apple Quick Time

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Macromedia flash
Microsoft Media Player
Adobe Shockwave
Sun Microsystems Java Applet
PROCEDURE:
LAN Proxy Settings:
select tools menu in Internet Explorer
Select Internet Options
Select Connections
You end up in two options
Dial-up and virtual network settings
LAN setting
The selection at this step is dependent on the kind of connection you are trying to configure.
They are:
Dial-up modem connection
LAN connection
DSL or Cable modem
Result: Web Browsers, surfing the Web task is completed.
Viva Questions:
1) Define surfing?
Ans: Surfing is an analogy to describe ease with which an expert can use the waves of
information flowing around the Internet to get where he wants.
2) Abbreviate HTML,WWW?
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Ans: HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), WWW (World Wide Web)
3) What is a bookmark?
Ans: A bookmark is a saved link to a Web page that has been added to a list of saved links.
4) Define a plug-in?
Ans: Plug-in is a set of software components that adds specific abilities to a larger software
application.
5) What are pop-up ads?
Ans: Pop-ups ads are used extensively in advertising on the Web, though advertising is not the
only application for pop-up windows.
6) What are pop-up blockers?
Ans: A pop-up blocker (sometimes called a pop-up killer) is a program that prevents pop-ups
from displaying in a user's Web browser.
TASK 9:
Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and how to use the search
engines. A few topics would be given to the students for which they need to search on Google. This should be
demonstrated to the instructors
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AIM: To know what search engines are and how to use the search engines.
Software Requirements: Operating System, Web Browser
THEORY:
Search engine:
A search engine can be defined as a web site with tools which help you to find information on the internet
Function of a search engine:
Search Engine can the search any data based on keywords, searches on web and finding the locations
various web sites databases with the related information and gives the different list of results to the Web
Browser.
Limitations:
Search engines visit web sites only several weeks. Search engines cannot see information in other data bases
later on.
On the internet a search engine is a coordinated set of programs that includes: A spider (crawler or bot) that
goes to every page or representative pages on every web site that wants to be searchable and reads it, using
hypertext links on each page to discover and read sites other pages.
Pros:
You can select the search terms
You can use the same search terms with multiple search engines
You can change search terms as much as you wish
You will normally receive numerous links
Its fast
There are so many different search engines it may be difficult to choose
You will normally receive too many links often making it difficult to identify the most
Cons:
relevant sites.
The vast majority of links may be only marginally relevant or altogether irrelevant
EX: Alta Vista, Ask Jeeves, Google, Lycos, Yahoo, Bing, Etc...
Meta Search Engines:

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Meta search engines or metacrawlers dont crawl the web themselves. Instead they search the resources of
multiple search engines by sending a search to several search engines at once aggregating the result.
Pros:
You only need to use one search tool which is time- efficient
You only need to learn how to use one search engine reducing learning curve
You benefit from the difference among several search tools at once
Meta search services may not be able to leverage each individual search engines full range of
Cons:
query tools resulting in less refined searches
You can not personally select the search engines queried by Meta search services.
Ex: DogPile, Mamma, Vivisimo, Meta Search Engine, etc.

Result: Identification of Search Engine process is completed.
Viva Questions:
1) Define search engine?
Ans: A search engine is a sort of a page that shows the list of all the web sites along with the information
on it.
2) What is a spider?
Ans: A spider is a program that visits Web sites and reads their pages and other information in order to
create entries for a search engine index.
3) What are popular search engines?
Ans: Google, Yahoo!, Bing, Ask.com, info.com, Meta Crawler, etc.
4) What is a meta search engine?
Ans: A metasearch engine is a search tool that sends user requests to several other search engines and/or
databases and aggregates the results into a single list
5) Give the main purpose of WWW?
Ans: WWW (World Wide Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
TASK 10:
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Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internet and would be asked to
configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to first install an antivirus software, configure
their personal firewall and windows update on their computer. Then they need to customize their browsers to
block pop ups, block active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms
AIM: To learn various threats on the internet and configure the computer to be safe on the internet.
Software Requirements: Operating System, Antivirus Software
THEORY:
Antivirus:
Antivirus software is a program that either comes installed on your computer or that you purchase and install
yourself. It protects your computer against most viruses, worms, Trojan horses and other unwanted invaders
that can make your computer sick.
Firewall:
A firewall is a special software or hardware designed to protect a private computer network from
unauthorized access. A firewall is a set of related programs located at a network gateway server which
protects the resources of the private network from users from other networks.
Types of Internet Threats
Viruses
Network Worms
Trojans
Spyware / Adware
Other Malware
Other Threats
Viruses
Main purpose is to spread and infect files
Attach to a file and replicate when file is executed
More than 100 000 known viruses exists in the world today
Several hundred new viruses are discovered every month
Network Worms
Self-replicating Viruses that reside in the active memory of a computer.
Worms send themselves out to the Internet from infected systems.

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Either include tiny e-mail server or search for unprotected shared network drives to unload.
Trojan Programs
Programs that installs themselves stealthily via Internet & provide access for malicious use
Threats enabled by (/through) Trojans
Data stealing
Distributed spam eMails
Spyware / Adware
Cookies Track you online
Browser Hijackers Changes default home page
Tracking Cookies Gathers info of web usage
Other Threats
Phishing
Confidential information stealing by fraud emails & web sites (author falsified)
Several millions of Phishing messages have been sent world wide
Fastest growing threat today
PROCEDURE:
Installing Symantec antivirus for Windows:
Insert Symantec antivirus CD into your CD drive
Double click on the Symantec-setup.exe
The installer will open
Click next to proceed
License agreement will open. Click I accept the terms of the license agreement and then
click next.
Follow the instruction on the screen to complete the installation.
Block Pop ups:
In the IE open tools>pop-up blocker
Click on Turn on Pop- up blocker
Windows Firewall:
Go to Start>control panel>Network and Internet Connections>windows firewall
In the general tab check the On(recommended) box

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If you dont want any exceptions check on Dont allow exceptions box
Result: Identification of various threats, attacks, worms from Internet and Installation of Antivirus Software
is completed.
Viva Questions:
1) What is antivirus software?
Ans: Anti Virus Software is a program that installed on your computer, it helps to protect your computer
against most viruses, worms, Trojan Horses, etc.
2) Define virus
Ans: Virus is a program which performs malicious acts, such as deleting files, accessing personal data, or
using your computer to attack other computers.
3) Define worm?
Ans: Worms are self replicating viruses that reside in the active memory of computer.
4) What are the advantages of antivirus software?
Ans: By using Anti Virus Software you can keep your computer healthy and protects from malicious
acts.
5) What are the types of antivirus softwares available?
Ans: Avast, Antivira, Kaspersky, QuickHeal, Symantec, AVG, Etc.

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TASK 11: Develop your home page using HTML consisting of your photo, name, address and
education details as a table and your skill set as a list.
AIM: To create home page using HTML
Software Requirements: Operating System, Web Browser, Notepad
THEORY:
HTML is a language for describing web pages. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. A
markup language is a set of markup tags. The tags describe document content. HTML documents
contain HTML tags and plain text. HTML documents are also called web pages.
HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html>.HTML tags
normally come in pairs like <b> and </b> i.e. Start Tag (<>) and End Tag (</>).
HTML Page Structure
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the Document </title>
</head>
<body>
.
</body>
</html>
The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
The text between <head> and </head> is the description about the document.
The text between <title> and </title> shows the title of the document
HTML Versions
Version
Year
HTML
1991
HTML+
1993
HTML 2.0
1995
HTML 3.2
1997
HTML 4.01
1999
XHTML 1.0
2000

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HTML5
2012
XHTML5
2013
Basic HTML Tags:

S.No.
Tag
Description
Example

Defines a comment

<a>
Defines a hyperlink
<a href="http://www.google.co.in">Google</a>
<abbr>
Defines an abbreviation
The <abbr title="Hyderabad">HYD</abbr>
<audio>Ne Defines sound content

w
<audio>
<source src="horse.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
</audio>
<b>
Defines bold text
<b>and this is bold text</b>
<body>
Defines the document's body
<body>The content of the document....</body>
<br>
Defines a single line break
This text contains<br>a line break.
<caption> Defines a table caption
<caption>Caption for Table</caption>
<center>
Defines centered text
<center>This text will be centeraligned.</center>
10
<dl>
Defines a description list
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt> <dd>Black hot drink</dd>
</dl>
11
<footer>N Defines a footer for a document or section
<foter>Page No:1</footer>
12
<frame>
13
<frameset> Defines a set of frames
<frameset cols="25%,*,25%">
<frame src="frame_a.htm">
<frame src="frame_b.htm">
<frame src="frame_c.htm">
</frameset>
14
<h1> to
<h6>
Defines HTML headings
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

15
<head>
Defines information about the document
<head>
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>
16
<hr>
Defines a thematic change in the content
<p> </p><hr> Horizontal line<p></p>
Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset

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17
<html>
Defines the root of an HTML document
<html> </html>
18
<i>
Italic the Text
<i> Italic Word </i>
19
<img>
Defines an image
<img src="smiley.gif" height="42" width="42">
20
<li>
Defines a list item
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
21
<mark>ew Defines marked/highlighted text
<mark>text background color</mark>
22
<ol>
Defines an ordered list
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
</ol>
23
<p>
Defines a paragraph
<p>This is some text in a paragraph.</p>
24
<select>
Defines a drop-down list
<select>
<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
<option value="mercedes">Mercedes</option>
</select>
25
<small>
Defines smaller text
<small>shows small text</small>
26
<table>
Defines a table
27
<td>
Defines a cell in a table
28
<tr>
Defines a row in a table
29
<th>
Defines a header cell in a table
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
</table>
30
<textarea> Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<textarea rows="4" cols="50">

Enter the message
</textarea>
31
<thead>
Groups the header content in a table
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
</thead>
32
<title>
Defines a title for the document
<title>HTML Reference</title>
33
<ul>
Defines an unordered list
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>

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</ul>
34
<u>
Defines text that should be stylistically

different from normal text
35
<marquee> The marquee tag used to scroll the text up,

down, left or right.
<p>This is a <u>paragraph</u>.</p>
<marquee direction="right">Welcome to
HTML</marquee>
TASK: Creating a Student Personal Profile as a Web Page

HTML Code:
<html>
<head>
<title> Personal Data </title>
</head>
<body>
<marquee direction="right">Welcome to HTML</marquee>
<header><u><center><b>Personal Profile</b></center></u><header>
<text>
Name: <br>
Father Name: <br>
Date of Birth: <br>
<img src="New Picture.png" height="150" width="150" align="right" hspace="500"><br>
Address: <br><textarea columns=15 rows=4></textarea> <br>
<u><b>Education Details</b></u><br>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>S.No.</th>
<th>Qualification</th>
<th>College/University</th>
<th>Year passing</th>
<th>Percentage></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>SSC</td>
<td>AP Board</td>
<td>2003</td>
<td>72</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Intermediate</td>
<td>AP Board</td>
<td>2005</td>
<td>72</td>
</tr>
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<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>B.Tech</td>
<td>JNTUH</td>
<td>2009</td>
<td>66</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>M.Tech</td>
<td>JNTUH</td>
<td>2012</td>
<td>70</td>
</tr>
</table>
<b><u>Skill Set:</b></u>
<ul>
<li>Cricket Player</li>
<li>Won 1st Prize in School Quiz competiotion</li>
<li>etc.</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT:

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Result: Creating a Sample Web Page for student personal profile is completed by using HTML Tags.
Viva Questions:
1) What is HTML?
Ans: HTML is a Hyper Text Markup Language used to design the Web Pages
2) What are the extensions to a HTML page while saving in a Notepad?
Ans: .html, .htm
3) How can you include comments in HTML?
Ans: An HTML comment begins with "
Ex: 
4) What is <title> tag?
Ans: It shows the title of the HTML page
5) What is <br> tag? Is there any end tag for this like </br>?
Ans: It is used to separate the lines or to start with a new line. End tag </br> is required for this tag.

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TASK 12:
To create project certificate, Features to be covered:-Formatting Fonts in word, Drop Cap in word,
Applying Text effects, Using Character Spacing, Borders and Colors, Inserting Header and Footer,
Using Date and Time option in Word.
AIM: To create a document applying the above mentioned techniques.
Software Requirements: Operating System, MS Office Package (MS- Word Application)
MS- WORD 2007:
The HOME Tab includes commands related to the Clipboard, font selections, paragraph settings, and
styles and editing.
The INSERT tab includes what you need to add pages, tables, illustrations, links, headers and
footers, text objects, and symbols in your document.
The PAGE LAYOUT tab contains the commands for working with themes page backgrounds, and
paragraph spacing in your document.
The REFERENCES tab includes special elements you will use when you create longer or more
complete documents.
The MAILINGS tab is a new addition in the Office Word 2007 interface. Here you can find
everything you need to creating, previewing, and producing a mail merge project.
Ribbons or Tool Bars:

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Creating and Saving a File:

The Office Button is the round icon at the top left-hand corner. It includes the basic File
Functions from the older version of Office
New, Open, Save, Save As, Print, etc.
Click on the Office Button icon. You will see the main file functions in the pull-down
menu.
From these options you can Create a File, you can open existed files, save a file, Save As
option to save another copy with another name, print option, close option, etc.
Rulers and Scroll Bars:

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Ruler and Scroll Bar (Top)
Ruler and Scroll Bar (Bottom)
Status Bar
THEORY:
Drop cap: To create a large dropped initial capital letter
Header and Footer:

1. To create a header, enter text or graphics in the header area or click button on the header
and footer tool bar.
2. To create footer, click switch between header and footer.
3. Then click exit.
Border:
On the format menu, click borders and shadings.
To specify that the border appears on a particular side of a page, such as only at the top, click custom
under setting.
To specify a particular page or section for the borders to appear, click the option you want to apply.
To specify the exact position of the border on the page.
Finally, click OK.
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Color:
Select the text you want to make a different color.
To apply the color most recently applied to text, click font color.
To apply different colors, click the arrow on the right of the font color button, select the color you
want and then click the button.
Result: Creation of project Certificate using MS Word completed successfully by applying different
options.
Viva Questions:
1) What is the function of Menu Bar?
Ans: Menu Bar displays the menu; we use the menus to give the instructions to the software.
2) What is a Status Bar?
Ans: Status Bar provides information as current page, current section, total no of pages, inches from the
top of the page, current line number and column number.
3) Point out different types of Scroll Bars?
Ans: Different Scroll Bars are Horizontal Scroll Bar and Vertical Scroll Bar.
4) What is the extension of Microsoft Word file?
Ans: The extension of word 2003 file is .doc and for word 2007 .docx
5) How can you justify the text in MS- Word?
Ans: To justify the text you can click on Justify option in Styles and Formatting Tool Bar or Press Ctrl+J.
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TASK 13:
Formatting Styles, Inserting table, Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment,
Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, Spell Check and Track Changes.
AIM: To create a document applying the above mentioned techniques.
THEORY:
Table:
A table consists of rows and columns.
Cell Alignment:
Aligns a contents written in a table in the top left corner
or top right corner or in the center etc..
Foot Note:
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Foot notes are used to comments on, or provide references for text in a document.
Hyperlink: It is a colored and underlined text or a graphic that you click to
go to a file, a location in a file, an HTML page on the World Wide Web, or
an HTML page in an intranet.
Symbols: You may not be able to enter certain symbols into your word
document, as there si a limitation on the keys on the key board. Creating these
new symbols especially when working with mathematical terms it becomes
very difficult .For example we can insert symbols such as ,,, ..
Spell check: It automatically checks for spelling and grammatical errors
Bullets and Numbering: In Microsoft word we can easily create bulleted

or numbered list of items.
Formatting Styles:
A style is a set of rules to be followed for the effective document. Style
can be applied to text, paragraph, table or a list.
Procedure:
Table:
1. Click where you want to create a table.
2. On the Insert menu, Click on Table.
3. Under Table size, select the number of columns and rows.
4. Under AutoFit behavior, choose options to adjust table size.
5. To use a built-in table format, click AutoFormat.
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Select the options you want

Cell Alignment:
1. Click the cell that contains text you want to align.
2. On the Tables and Borders toolbar, select the option for the horizontal and vertical alignment you
want for example, Align Bottom Center or Align Top Right.
Foot Note:
1.
2.
3.
4.
In References Menu, click where you want to insert the note reference mark and then click Footnote.
Click Footnotes or Endnotes.
In the Number format box, click the format you want.
Click Insert.
Word inserts the note number and places the insertion point next to the note number.
5. Type the note text.

6. Scroll to your place in the document and continue typing.
As you insert additional footnotes or endnotes in the document, Word automatically applies the
correct number format.
Hyper link:
Select the text or picture you want to display as the hyperlink, and then click Insert Hyperlink on the
Standard toolbar
1. Link to an existing file or web page:
1. Under Link to, click Existing File or Web Page.
2. In the Address box, type the address you want to link to or, in the Look in box, click the down
arrow, and navigate to and select the file
2. Link to a file you havent created yet
Under Link to, click Create New Document.
3. In the Name of new document box, type the name of the new file.
4. Under When to edit, click either Edit the new document later or Edit the new document now
An e-mail address:
1. Select the text or picture you want to display as the hyperlink, and then click Insert Hyperlink on the
Standard toolbar
2. Under Link to, click E-mail Address.
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3. Either type the e-mail address you want in the E-mail address box, or select an e-mail address in the
recently used e-mail addresses box.
4. In the Subject box, type the subject of the e-mail message
A specific location in another document
1. Insert a bookmark in the destination file or Web page.
2. Open the file that you want to link from, and select the text or object you want to display as the
hyperlink.
3. On the Standard toolbar, click Insert Hyperlink
.
4. Under Link to, click Existing File or Web Page.
5. In the Look in box, click the down arrow, and navigate to and select the file that you want to link to.
6. Click Bookmark, select the bookmark you want, and then click OK.
Symbol:
1. Click where you want to insert the symbol.
2. On the Insert menu, click Symbol, and then click the Symbols tab.
3. In the Font box, click the font that you want.
4. Double-click the symbol that you want to insert.
5. Click Close
Spell check:
1. On the Review Menu, click Spelling and Grammar
2. When Word finds a possible spelling or grammatical problem, make your changes in the Spelling and
Grammar dialog box.
Bullets and Numbering:
1. Type 1. to start a numbered list or * (asterisk) to start a bulleted list, and then press SPACEBAR or
TAB.
2. Type any text you want.
3. Press ENTER to add the next list item.
Word automatically inserts the next number or bullet.
4. To finish the list, press ENTER twice, or press BACKSPACE to delete the last bullet or number in the
list
Formatting Styles:
1. Select the words, paragraph, list, or table you want to change.
2. If the Styles and Formatting task pane is not open, click Styles and Formatting on the Formatting
toolbar
3. Click the style you want in the Styles and Formatting task pane.
If the style you want is not listed, click All Styles in the Show box
Track Changes:
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1. Open the document you want to revise.

2. On the Tools menu, click Track Changes
Result: Creating a document using MS Word completed successfully by inserting Formatting styles, Bullets
and numbering, and tables.
Viva questions:
1) What is the function of spell check?
Ans: Spell check checks the spelling and grammar as you type.
2) How can you insert a table?
Ans: Go to Table option in menu bar then select Insert-> Table-> give the table sizes.
3) Define header, footer?
Ans: Header is text appears at the top of every page. Footer is text that appears at the bottom of every
page.
4)How can you create a hyper link?
Ans: Hyperlink is a colored and underlined text or a graphic to click to go to a file, a location of a file. To
create a hyperlink first selects the text or picture you want to display as the hyperlink and then click
Insert-> Hyperlink.

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TASK 15:
Create a Newsletter. Features to be covered:-Table of content. Newspaper columns, Images from files
and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes and Paragraphs and Mail
Merge in Word.
AIM: To create a news Letter and Mail Merge
THEORY:
Table of contents:
Table of contents displays a list of headings in a created document. It basically provides an
outline of the entire document created
Newspaper columns:
One can create a newspaper columns document by specifying the number of new letter-style
column required and then adjust their width, and add vertical lines between columns.
Images from files and clipart:
Inserting a picture (graphic) from a file and clipart
may be required for a document. This picture could be a scanned
photograph or any other digitally produced one. This picture can
be modified, resized, cropped and enhanced.
Drawing toolbar and Word Art:
One can create his/her own drawings in Microsoft word. Ms
Word provides a full fledged drawing tool bar.

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Word Art in Microsoft word enables you to create special and decorative text.
Formatting Images, Textboxes and Paragraphs:

Formatting an image includes selecting appropriate color, size, layout and cropping.
Generally the text in a document follows a standard orientation (line after line). A text box
provides a different orientation to the text with in a document. It can arrange the text in anywhere and can be
resized and moreover moved to any section of the document or even outside.
When you are formatting a paragraph, you do not need to highlight the entire paragraph.
Placing the cursor anywhere in the paragraph enables you to format it. After you set a paragraph format,
subsequent paragraphs will have the same format unless you change the format.
Mail Merge:
It helps us to produce from letters mailing labels envelopes
catalogs and others types of merged document. It is so found in the
tools option on the menu bar. In tools we have letters and mailing. In
letters and mailing we have mail merge mail merge tool box envelopes
tables and letters wizard. In mail merge select the required document
you are working on. A window for customizing the data base structure
appears. This file contains the names, address details with contact numbers etc of people you wish to send the
letters.
PROCEDURE:
Table of contents:
1. Click where you want to insert the table of contents.
2. On the Insert menu, point to Reference, and click Index and Tables.
3. Click the Table of Contents tab.
4. To use one of the available designs, click a design in the Formats box.
5. Select any other table of contents options you want.
Newspaper columns:
1. Select the entire or part of document to be converted into a newsletter-style
2. Click on format menu, select columns
3. Any desired number of columns are presets-one or two or three or left or right b\can be selected.
4. Width and spacing can be fixed and equal columns width can be checked for uniformity
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5. If newspaper columns are to be separated by a line, then check line between

6. Under apply to will be whole document if entire document is selected else we have to select a selected
text.
7. Click ok
Inserting images from files and clip art:

1. Click where you want to insert the picture.
2. On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click From File.
3. Locate the picture you want to insert.
4. Double-click the picture you want to insert.
CLIP ART:
1. On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click Clip Art.
2. In the Clip Art task pane, in the Search for box, type a word or phrase that describes the clip
you want or type in all or some of the file name of the clip.
3. To narrow your search, do one or both of the following:
To limit search results to a specific collection of clips, in the Search in box, click the
arrow and select the collections you want to search.
To limit search results to a specific type of media file, in the Results should be box,
click the arrow and select the check box next to the types of clips you want to find.
4. Click Go.
5. If you don't know the exact file name, you can substitute wildcard characters for one or more
real characters. Use the asterisk (*) as a substitute for zero or more characters in a file name. Use the
question mark (?) as a substitute for a single character in a file name.
6. In the Results box, click the clip to insert it.
Drawing Toolbar and Word Art:
1. Click in your document where you want to create the drawing.
2. On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click New Drawing.
A drawing canvas is inserted into your document.
3. Use the Drawing toolbar to add any shapes or pictures that you want.
WORD ART:
1. On the Drawing toolbar, click Insert WordArt

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2. Click the WordArt effect you want, and then click OK.
3. In the Edit WordArt Text dialog box, type the text you want.
4. Do any of the following:
To change the font type, in the Font list, select a font.

To change the font size, in the Size list, select a size.
To make text bold, click the Bold button.
To make text italic, click the Italic button.
Formatting Images:
1. Formatting of the images can be achieved by selecting the image and double click on the picture,
format picture dialog box appears.
2. The same can be achieved by selecting the tools menu > customize>tool bars tab>picture and click
close.
Basic formatting features of an image
Resize a drawing
1. Select the drawing canvas
2. On the Drawing Canvas toolbar, do one of the following:
o
To make the drawing canvas boundary larger without changing the size of the objects on the
canvas, click Expand
To make the drawing canvas boundary fit tightly around the drawing objects or pictures, click
Fit
To scale the drawing and make the objects and canvas proportionately smaller or larger, click
Scale Drawing, and then drag the edges of the canvas.
Resize a picture or shape

1. Position the mouse pointer over one of the sizing handles
2. Drag the sizing handle until the object is the shape and size you want.
To increase or decrease the size in one or more directions, drag the mouse away from or toward the
center, while doing one of the following:
To keep the center of an object in the same place, hold down CTRL while dragging the mouse.
To maintain the object's proportions, drag one of the corner sizing handles.
To maintain the proportions while keeping the center in the same place, hold down CTRL
while dragging one of the corner sizing handles.
o
o
o
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Crop a picture
1. Select the picture you want to crop.
2. On the Picture toolbar, click Crop
.
3. Position the cropping tool over a cropping handle and then do one of the following:
o To crop one side, drag the center handle on that side inward.
o To crop equally on two sides at once, hold down CTRL as you drag the center handle on either
side inward.
o To crop equally on all four sides at once, hold down CTRL as you drag a corner handle
inward.
4. On the Picture toolbar, click Crop to turn off the Crop command.
Text Box:
1. On the Drawing toolbar, click Text Box
.
2. Click or drag in your document where you want to insert the text box
3. You can use the options on the Drawing toolbar to enhance a text box for example, to change the
fill color just as you can with any other drawing object
Paragraphs:
Change line spacing
Select the text you want to change.
1. On the Formatting toolbar, point to Line Spacing, and then do one of the following:
o
o
o
To apply a new setting, click the arrow, and then select the number that you want.
To apply the most recently used setting, click the button.
To set more precise measurements, click the arrow, click More, and then select the options
you want under Line Spacing.
Change spacing before or after paragraphs

1. Select the paragraphs in which you want to change spacing.
2. On the Format menu, click Paragraph, and then click the Indents and Spacing tab.
3. Under Spacing, enter the spacing you want in the Before or After box.
Change paragraph direction
1. Place the insertion point in the paragraph that you want to change, or select several paragraphs.
2. Do one of the following:
o To have text begin from the left, click Left-to-Right on the Formatting toolbar.
o To have text begin from the right, click Right-to-Left on the Formatting toolbar.
When you change the paragraph direction, Microsoft Word leaves justified and centered text as it is. In the
case of left-aligned or right-aligned text, Word flips the alignment to its opposite. For example, if you have a
left-to-right paragraph that is right aligned, such as the date at the top of a letter, clicking Right-to-Left
results in a right-to-left paragraph that is left aligned.
Mail Merge:
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1. Open a document and type the complete body of the letter and format it as required.
2. Create a data source and choose mail merge from tool bar a window is displayed.
3. Click on create button and choose from letter options. Then a window is displayed.
4. Click active window choose currently active document. Click on data and create data source
option.
5. A window for customizing the data base structure appears and this file contains the names address
details with contact number etc. we can add or remove fields from this file.
6. Once the list of fields is finalized a window of same is displayed and types the required file names
and click on save button.
7. A window is displayed. Type the details of 10 candidates. After typing details of one person, click
on add menu.
8. Click on the o.k. to finish entering the records mail merge tool bar is displayed.
9. Place the curser at the place where you wish to insert names and click on insert mail merge button.
A drop list is displayed all fields created would be shown.
10. By highlighting to desired file and click on it we can insert the field into the main document and
go to begin the mail merge click on mail merge.
11. A window is displayed click once on the merge button to generate letters for all records in your
data source file.
Result: Creating a Mail Merge using MS Word is completed
Viva questions:
1) What is the main purpose of a drop cap?
Ans: Drop Cap is used to create a large dropped initial capital letter. Select Format-> Drop Cap.
2) What is the purpose of Bullets?
Ans: Bullets are used to create Bulleted or numbered list of items.
3) How can you print a document?
Ans: Go to File-> Print or press Ctrl+P.
4) What is the functionality of Print Layout?
Ans: In Print layout View we can see the rulers, status bar of the document and displays the fixed page
length of your document.
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TASK 15:
Creating a Scheduler:-Features to be covered: - Gridlines, Format Cells, Summation, auto fill,
Formatting Text
AIM: To maintain a shift schedule with specifications
Software Requirements: Operating System, MS Office Package (MS- Excel Application)
THEORY:
Microsoft Excel is a proprietary commercial spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for
Microsoft Windows. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language
called Visual Basic for Applications.
Tool Bars:

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Grid lines:
1. Click the worksheet.
2. On the file menu, click page Layout and the go to sheet options.
3. Click gridlines.
Format Cell:
1. Change the font and font size.
2. Change the text color.
3. Make selected text or numbers bold, italic or
underlined.
4. Create a new style.
Auto fit:
1. Combine cells horizontally or vertically to make one large cell.
2. Add borders to cells.
3. Shade cells with colors.
4. Change the column width and row height
5. Change the font, font size or colors of text.
6. Align text vertically at the top, center and bottom of cell.
Formatting the text:
1. Select the text you want to format.
2. On the format menu click cells and then click number tab.
3. In the catalog box click text.
4. Enter the numbers in the formatted cells.
5. Click ok.
6. Then press enter and reenter the data.
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PROCEDURE:
First click start button of the screen on status bar. Click on programs and then Microsoft excel. To get
a new blank work sheet go to programs and then click on excel sheet. On the file menu click page setup and
then click sheet tab click gridlines. In this way do the required changes using format cell, make the required
changes using formatting text also make the required changes. Enter the data in the data in the worksheet
consisting of week name person name and timings 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. Make all the above changes to the text.
Result: Creating a MS- Excel sheet is completed by inserting grid lines, formatting text options.
Viva Questions:
1) What do you mean by a spread sheet?
Ans: It allows organizing information in rows and columns.
2) What is the Auto Fill?
Ans: It allows to quickly filling cells with repetitive or sequential data such as date or numbers or text.
3) What is a grid line?
Ans: Grid lines are the border lines of the cells within a spread sheet.

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TASK 16:
Calculating GPA-Features to be covered-Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel average, std. deviation,
Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count Function, HLOOKUP/VLOOKUP,
sorting, & Conditional formatting
AIM: To maintain a control chart for printing books with given data.
Software Requirements: Operating System, MS Office Package (MS- Excel Application)
THEORY:
Formulae in Excel:
Go to Formulae Menu and click on Insert Function
Hyper Linking:
1. Create a worksheet: On the file menu, click new, and then click blank workbook task pane.
2. Insert a worksheet: C lick worksheet on the insert menu. Right click on sheet tab and then click
insert double click the template for the type of sheet you want.
3. Hyperlink: Using hyperlink we can insert one more sheet in the present sheet

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4. Count function: Create a blank worksheet press control +c. In the worksheet select cell A and press
control +c. On the tools menu point to formula auditing and then click formula auditing menu.
Worksheet:
1. In the file menu go to menu then a new worksheet is created.
2 To add a single worksheet, click worksheet on the Insert menu. To add multiple worksheets
hold down shift and then click the number of worksheet tasks to add in a open workbook
Sort:
1. Click a cell in the list you want to sort.
2. On the Data menu click sort.
3.
Under first key sort click the custom sort order

you want and then click ok.
4. Click any other sorting option you want.

PROCEDURE:
Formulae in Excel:
Mean = (s1 + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5)/5;
Sample mean = avg (mean)
Standard deviation = (mean, sample, mean)
Sample standard deviation= avg (Standard deviation)
Lower count limit = sample mean sample standard deviation.
Upper count limit = Sample mean + Sample Standard deviation
Conditional Formatting:
1. Select the cells for which you want to add, change, or remove conditional formatting
2. On the Home menu, click Conditional Formatting.
Result: Creating a MS- Excel Sheet is completed by calculating various formulas for the database.
Viva Questions:
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1) What is the function of a count?

Ans: blank entries are not counted, text entries are not counted.
2) What is a Sort?
Ans: Sorting is to sort the data in ascending and descending order.
3) What is an average function?
Ans: The average function finds the average of the specified data.
4) What is the syntax of average function?
Ans: Average (First value, second value, etc);
5) What is a count function?
Ans: It will return the number of entries in the selected range of cells.
TASK 17:
PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting Text, Bullets and Numbering,
Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in PowerPoint.
TITLE:
Create a power point presentation consists of slide layouts inserting text, formatting text, bullets
and numbering of five slides with following informations.
Slide 1 contents
Slide 2 Name
Slide 3 Address
Slide 4 Hobbies
Slide 5 Friends
AIM: To maintain a PowerPoint presentation with some specifications
Software Requirements: Operating System, MS Office Package (MS- Power Point Application)
THEORY:
CREATE A NEW PRESENTATION:
MS Office Button >> New -- New Presentation window opens up
The MS Office Button is located in the top left corner of the Word 2007 Window
To start a new file from scratch:

Choose Blank Document and press Create.
There are templates available on the left panel for creating a presentation of a specific type (ie. photo album
or calendar).
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ADD A NEW SLIDE:

Home Tab >> Slides >> New Slide
Click on New Slide button. It adds a new slide in the default layout
"Title and Content.
Click on the arrow at the bottom corner of the New Slide button. You
can select the slide layout from the Default Design pallet.
Click Layout button. You can select and change the slide layout.
Click Delete button to delete the current slides.
FORMATTING SLIDE DESIGN:

1. Change the Background:
Design Tabs >> Background >> Background Styles
Click on the Format Background button at the bottom.
Format Background window appears.
You can set the color, solid or gradient, transparency or choose picture/texture fill
Click on Close button to apply changes only to the current slide
Click on Apply to All to apply changes to all the slide
2. Change the Theme:
Design Tabs >> Themes
Move the cursor over the theme buttons to preview different themes on your current slide.
Click on any theme button to choose the theme, which will be applied to all the slides in
your presentation.
Colors -- Changes the color scheme of the current theme
Fonts -- Changes the font of the current theme
Effects -- Changes the effects of the current theme
INSERT TEXT:
Home Tab >> Drawing >> Text Box

In PowerPoint all text is contained in Text Boxes.
Click on Text Box button >> Click anywhere in the slide.
Drag circle corner points or square side points of the text box to change its size.
Click within the box to type text
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FORMATTING TEXT:
Select the text box. The Drawing Tools Tab appears.

Click on the Format tab. Format the selected text box in Shape Styles:
o Shape Fill -- Changes the fill color
o Shape Outline -- Changes the color, width, line style of outline
o Shape Effects -- Applies visual effects (shadow, bevel, etc.) to the text box
BULLETS AND NUMBERINGS:
1. Select the lines of text that you want to add bullets or numbering to.
2. Click bullets or numbering.
ADD SHAPES:
Insert Tab >> Illustration >> Shapes
Click on the Shape button to see the list of available shapes.
Select the shape.
Click on anywhere in the slide to insert the selected shape.
SLIDE TRANSITIION:
Slide transitions are animation effects that appear between slides. While they look fancy, these transitions can
be distracting if overused. It is often good to keep this kind of animation to a minimum.
Animation Tabs >> Animations >> Transition to This Slide
Move the cursor over the transition buttons to preview the effects.
Click on the Transition effect button to apply the slide transition effect.
Click on Transition Sound button to apply sound effect for transition.
Click on Transition Speed button to adjust the speed.
Click on Apply to All to apply the same transition effect to all the slides.
Result: Creating MS Power Point presentation by applying animations, transitions, and backgrounds is
completed.
Viva Questions:
1) Explain about power point?
Ans: Microsoft PowerPoint allows users to combine text, graphics and multimedia into a slide show. While
you can use the program to create Web pages, teach shapes to kindergartners or help middle school
students explore music, its main use is as a presentation tool. PowerPoint's slide show replaces
technology such a chalkboard or an overhead projector to aid someone giving a presentation or leading
a discussion.
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2) What is word art?

Ans: Word Art is a powerful tool that draws text in all sorts of formats. Sometimes I like to change existing
text straight into Word Art, which is easy if you know how.
3) Explain about slide transition?
Ans: Slide transitions are the visual movements as one slide changes to another. Many different slide
transitions are available in programs such as PowerPoint or Open Office Impress. Transitions differ
from animations, in that animations are the movements of the objects on the slide.
4) How can you rotate the picture in power point?
Ans: Double click on the picture and you then ribbon will automatically switch to "Format",
below it, in the "Arrange" section; you will find the "Rotate" button!
TASK 18:
Hyperlinks, Inserting Images, Clip Art, Audio, Video, Objects, Tables and Charts
TITLE:
Create a power point presentation consisting of hyperlinks, inserting images, clip art, audio,
video objects of 4 slides with the following information.
Slide 1:- Name of your college in bold letters.
Slide 2:- Address of your college in bold letters.
Slide 3:- List of all available courses.
Slide 4:- Extra co-curricular activities.
And apply the transaction effects and set the time three seconds for each slide and view it in
slide show.
AIM: To maintain a PowerPoint presentation using some specifications
THEORY:
HYPERLINK:
1. Select the text or object that you want to represent the hyperlink.
2. Under insert menu click on Hyperlink.
3. Under link to, click place in this document.
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INSERT IMAGES:
1) Adding Images from File
Insert Tab >> Illustrations >> Picture
Find the picture file you want to insert in the browser window.
2) Adding images from Clip Art

Insert Tab >> Illustrations >> Clip Art
Search for ClipArt and other media in the right-hand search panel.
Check in "Everywhere" box under "Search in" for more extensive results
CLIP ART:
On the insert menu, point to structure and then click clipart.
1. In the clipart task pane, in the search for box, type a word or phrase
that describes the clip, you want to type in all or some of the file
menus of the clip.
2. In the results box, click the clip to insert it.
AUDIO VIDEO OBJECTS:
1. On the insert menu, go to Media Clips option and select Movie for Video Objects and Sound for
Audio Objects.
2. You can select a movie from a file and you can record sound or select a sound or audio from a
file.
TABLE:
1. On the Insert menu, click Table.
2. Select the size of the Table or you can draw the Table.
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CHART:
1. Click the slide where you want to place the embedded object.
2. On the insert menu, click chart.
3. Click a cell on the data sheet and then type the information you want.
To return to the slide, click outside the chart.
Result: Creating MS Power Point presentation by applying hyperlinks, images is completed.
Viva Questions:
1) Define hyper link?
Ans: Hyperlinks are created with an "href" tag (hyperlink reference). In it's simplest form the tag looks
like this:
Ex::<a href="page1.html">Go To Page 1</a
2) Define slide show?
Ans: Slide shows have come a long way since those shown on the slide projectors of old. Many digital
presentations, such as those created in PowerPoint or Open Office Impress are composed of
several slides.
The slide show can be enhanced using transitions and animations. Music, sounds or narration can be
added to these slide shows and they can run unattended by using custom timings. The slide show is most
often projected on a screen using a digital projector.
3) Define slide transition?
Ans: A slide transition is the visual motion when one slide changes to the next during a presentation. By
default, one slide simply replaces the previous one on screen, much the same way that a slide show of
photographs would change from one to the next.
4) What is animation?
Ans: Animations in Microsoft PowerPoint refer to the way that items, such as text boxes, bullet points or
images move onto a slide during a slide show. There are two types of animations available in PowerPoint
- Preset Animation Schemes, that affect all of the content on a slide, and Custom Animations, that allow
you to apply a variety of animation effects to individual items on a slide.

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TASK 19:
Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of views (basic, presentation, slide slotted, notes
etc), Inserting Background, textures, Design Templates, Hidden slides.
TITLE:
Create a power Point presentation on business by using master layouts and see the presentation
in different views.
AIM: To maintain a power point presentation with some specifications
THEORY:SLIDE MASTER LAYOUTS:-
View Tab >> Presentation Views >> Slide Master
Slide Master Tab appears on the left-hand side of Home Tab
Edit the Slide Master:

Click on Slide Master Tab provides a set of Slide Master formatting groups:
Edit Master

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Master Layout
Edit Theme
Background
Page Setup
Close -- Click on Close button to go back to Normal View.
SLIDE SHOW:
1. On the slides tab in the normal view, select the slides you want to set the things for.
2. On the Animations menu, click side transition.
3. Under advance slide, select the automatically after checkbox, and then number of seconds you
want the slide to appear on the screen.
4. And then click on Slide Show option from view menu or press F5 Key from keyboard.
PROCEDURE:
First click on start button. Then click programs, and then power point presentation. Then select file
menu and click on new. Then you get a new blank presentation. Then in the first slide, enter the title as
business and give product name as sub title. Then insert the second slide. Then enter the title as about the
product and give description as sub title. Then insert the third slide and enter the title as sales about product
and enter something about it sales. In this way, complete the three slides. Then click on view and then master
and then enter date in the space provided for footer. Then you find these two in all slides and then again go to
view and click on slide show.
Result: Creating Master Layouts using MS Power Point is completed.
Viva Questions:
1)
What do you mean by clip art?
Ans: The term clip art comes from the books of graphic images (such as those from Dover Arts) once used
as a graphics source. Users would cut out or clip the desired artwork from the book to place into layouts.
Later, it was common to scan the images from the books. Today, clip art comes on CD-ROM or can be
downloaded from the Web.
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2)
What is grouping of objects?
Ans: Grouping lets you flip, rotate, move, or resize all shapes or objects at the same time as though they
were a single shape or object. You can also change the attributes of all of the shapes in a group at one
time, by changing the fill color or adding a shadow
3)
Explain about custom animation?
Ans: Custom Animation is a feature in Microsoft Office PowerPoint. It contains a list of effects that you can
apply to objects to have them animate during the slide show. This article talks about what Custom
Animation is and shows you a list of all the effects available. If you have no glue on what Custom
Animation is, this is the article to read.
REFERENCES:
1. Introduction to Information Technology, ITL Education Solutions limited, Pearson Education.
2. LaTeX Companion Lesile Lamport, PHI/ Pearson.
3. Introduction to Computers, Peter Norton, 6/e Mc Graw Hill.
4. Upgrading and Repairing, PCs 18th e, Scott Muller QUE, Pearson Education.
5. Comdex Information Technology course tool kit Vikas Gupta, WILEY Dreamtech.
6. IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Third Edition by David Anfinson
and Ken Quamme. CISCO Press, Pearson Education.
7. PC Hardware and A+Handbook Kate J. Chase PHI (Microsoft).
WEB SITES:
www.google.co.in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
http://www.gcflearnfree.org/office2007
http://www.w3schools.com

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TASK 1:

primary or main memory

I. PRIMARY OR MAIN MEMORY:

a) Random Access Memory (RAM)

Read Only Memory (ROM)

II. SECONDARY OR AUXILIARY MEMORY:

The Mother Board/ System Board

Mother Board Parts:

Heat Sink Fan

SD RAM (Synchronous Dynamic), it has two Gaps/Notches

DDR RAM (Double Data Rate), it has one Gap/Notch

such as key boards, mouse,

connecting I/O device

scanner, speakers etc...

i) AGP Slot & AGP Card :

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

j) PCI(Expansion) Cards, PCI Slots :

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

5. CD-ROM Drive/ DVD ROM Drive

Mother Board Screws (Small Size)

Result: Introduction to computers and Identification peripherals task

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

2. Determine if the case has the appropriate risers installed.

Network adapter drive.

Floppy disk drive.

Heat sink / cooler / fan.

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

Fitting the RAM:

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS XP:

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

Provides more security features.

Provides more Networking options

Partition size can be of 2 TB or more and file size can be 16 GB

File Allocation Table File System

Provides less security features.

Provides less Networking options

Partition size can be of 2 TB or more and file size can be 4 GB

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

Step 10 - Choose your region and language.

Step 11 - Type in your name and organization.

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

Step 22: Log in, to your PC for the first time.

Test Data: No Test Data for this Experiment

Click next to continue.

2. Key Board Configuration:

Once you have made the selection click next to continue.

Choose the type of installation you would like to perform.

IT WORKSHOP LAB MANUAL

5. Disk partition Setup:

Your options are:

To partition manually choose either Disk druid or fdisk partitioning tool.

Lick next once you have made your selections.