Computer Application

(As per New Calendar)

CA-100 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER APPLICATION (1L+1P) I

Overview of computers; Computer organization; Software - System software and Application

software; Networking; Internet services.

CA-101 COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING (3L+1P) II

Computer Fundamentals - Number systems: decimal, octal, binary and hexadecimal;

Representation of integers, fixed and floating point numbers, character representation: ASCII,
EBCDIC. Functional units of computer, I/O devices, primary and secondary memories.
Programming Fundamentals - Algorithm development, techniques of problem solving,
flowcharting, stepwise refinement; Representation of integer, character, real, data types;
constants and variables; Arithmetic expressions, assignment statement, logical expression;
Sequencing, alteration and iteration; Arrays, string processing; Sub-programs, recursion, files
and pointers; Structured programming concepts; Top down Design, development of efficient
programs; Program correctness; Debugging and testing of programs.

CA-111 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE (3L) I

Number systems; Boolean algebra - minimization of Boolean function using Karnaugh Map;
Logic Gates, Combinational circuits – multiplexer, demultiplexer, encoder, decoder;
Sequential circuits: Flip-flops, Half and Full adder, Shift register, Counters; Organization of
CPU, Control Unit- Instruction and Execution cycle in CPU, Register Organization, The
Instruction Cycle, Instruction Pipelining; Memory organisation - Internal memory:
Semiconductor Main Memory (RAM, ROM, EPROM), Cache Memory, Advanced DRAM
Organization; External Memory - Magnetic Disks, RAID, Optical Memory, Magnetic Tape;
Basic structure of computer hardware and system software - Addressing methods and
machine programme sequencing; Input-output organisations - accessing I/O devices - direct
memory access (DMA) – interrupts; Introduction to microprocessors – CISC and RISC
Architecture, Study of functional units of microprocessors.

CA-112 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING IN C (2L+1P) I

Computer algorithms; Over view of C; Structure of program, Data types, Constants,

Variables, Expression, Operators; Basic input/ output and library functions; Control
structures; Arrays; Pointers, Structure and union, Pointer to functions, Function returning
pointers; Dynamic memory allocation; File management; Graphics.

CA-114 MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS IN COMPUTER

APPLICATION (4L) I

Matrix algebra: Basic operations on matrices, Rank and inverse of matrices, System of linear
equations, Characteristic roots and equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors; Basic
Differentiation, Integration and Differential Equations; Vector algebra: Double and Triple
Product of vectors; Coordinate geometry: circles and conic sections; Three dimensional
geometry: point, straight line, plane and sphere; Sets: Set theory, subsets, operations on sets,

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set cardinality and counting; Functions: Bijective functions, pigeon-hole principle, Boolean
functions, permutation functions, Boolean algebra, recursion relations; Number Theory:
Binary arithmetic, exponentiation, induction, sequences, Fibonacci sequence, big-oh notation,
GCD, Euclidean algorithm, partially ordered sets, congruence and equivalence relation,
encryption scheme, linear homogenous recurrence relations with constant coefficients; Graph
Theory: Graphs, trees, LAN, Eulerian cycles, Hamiltonian cycles, graph coloring, graph
algorithms; Mathematical Logic: Propositional calculus, proposition, logic connectives and
compound statements, conjunction, disjunction, truth tables, duality, tautologies and fallacies;
Turing Machine: DFA, NFA.

CA-121 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AND DESIGN (2L+ 1P) II

Procedural abstraction, command and functional procedures; Data encapsulation - concepts

of modules and interfaces; Data abstraction and types; Introduction to object orientation;
History and evolution of object oriented languages; Object oriented programming in C++ -
Abstract data types, classes, objects, object/message paradigm, overloading, dynamic
binding, parametric polymorphism, Inheritance: class and object inheritance, inheritance and
dynamic binding, multiple inheritance; Object oriented software design; Generic and reusable
classes.
(Pre-requisite: CA-112)

CA-122 OPERATING SYSTEM (2L+ 1P) II

Operating system overview: operating system as an extended machine and resource manager;
Operating system classifications; Operating system modes and system calls; Operating
system architecture; Process model, Process synchronization, Concurrent processes, Process
scheduling criterion and algorithms; Problem of mutual exclusion; Deadlock and prevention;
Race conditions; Semaphores; Monitors; Process allocation; Memory management; Multi-
programming with fixed and variable number of tasks; Continuous allocation; Paging,
Demand paging, Page fault; Virtual memory; Fragmentation; Segmented memory
management, Shared segments; Segmented and demand paged management, Overlays and
swapping, Thrashing; Multi processor system, Master slave scheduling; Homogeneous
scheduling; Device management system; Dedicated share and virtual devices; Spooling
channels; Multiplexer and selector, control units; Traffic controllers and device handlers;
Information management memory techniques; Input-Output file protection; Distributed
operating system (Course to be taught in accordance to the Unix Operating System).
(Pre-requisite: CA-111)

CA-123 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS (2L+1P) II

Introduction to complex variables; Basic concepts: Floating point number system,

Implication of finite precision, Rounding off errors; Interpolation: Polynomial interpolation,
Inverse interpolation, Spline interpolation; Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule,
Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8th rules; Ordinary differential equations: Runge-Kutta methods,
Predictor - corrector methods; Linear system of equations: Gaussian’s elimination, Operation
counts, Implementation including pivoting and scaling, Direct factorization methods, Iterative
techniques and their analysis; Linear Difference equations; Non-linear equations : Bisection,
Newton Raphson, false positions, Secant methods, Iterative methods; Inverse of Matrices;
Computation of eigen values and eigen vectors: Error estimates, the power methods – Jaccobi
and Householder Method; Exposure to mathematical software packages.

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CA-124 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (2L+ 1P) II

Effective communication in systems analysis: Tools of the system analyst, problem

definition, classification, data collection and analysis; Systems planning and alternative,
feasibility and proposal: User and management involvement, planning alternatives, design
considerations, systems feasibility, selection of a system plan, the system proposal; System
Cost Determination: System costs and System benefits, Comparative cost analysis. Data
processing costs; A Structured Approach to system design: Structured top-down design, data
administration and data dictionaries; Audible systems, Logical design requirements, Form
requirement and design. Project Management and control: Development of standards, project
control , Gantt charts, PERT and CPM; System conversion and Implementation: Planning
consideration, conversion methods, system follow up and quality assurance of the new
system.

CA-131 DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (2L+ 2P) III

Database system - Operational Data, Characteristics of database approach, architecture;

Overview of DBMS; Data associations - Entities, Attributes and Associations, Relationship
among Entities, Representation of Associations and Relationship, Data Model classification,
Entity Relationship model; Relational Data Structure- Relations, Domains and Attributes,
Relational Algebra and Operations, Retrieval Operations; Relational Database Design -
Anomalies in a Database, Normalization Theory, and Normal forms; Query processing;
Distributed Databases- concepts, architecture, design; Structured Query Language (SQL) -
Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), PL/SQL - Stored
procedure, Database triggers; Relational Data Base Management Package.
(Pre-requisite: CA-101 or CA-112)

CA-132 DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS (2L+ 1P) III

Representation of character, string and their manipulation; Linear list structure; Stacks;
Queues; Heaps; Sorting algorithms; Searching algorithms; Representation and processing of
linear linked lists; Multiple linked structures; Sparse arrays; Tree Structures: Representation
of tree structures and different tree traversal algorithms; Graph and geometric algorithms.
(Pre-requisite: CA-112)

CA-134 MODELING AND SIMULATION (2L+ 1P) III

Uses and purposes of simulation; Classification of models; Generation and testing of random
numbers, Simulation of stochastic events and processes, Design of simulation experiments,
Analysis of data generated by simulation experiments, Discrete event simulation; Verification
and validation of simulation models, Simulation languages, Simulation of agricultural
problems and systems.
(Pre-requisite: CA-101 or CA-112, AS-101 or AS-161)

CA-135 COMPUTER NETWORKS (2L+ 1P) III

The importance of Networking, Types of Networking, Network Topology, Transmission

Media, Data communication: Concepts of data, signal, channel, bandwidth, bit-rate and baud-
rate; Maximum data-rate of channel; Analog and digital communications, asynchronous and
synchronous transmission; Network adapters card, Multiplexer (FDM, TDM, STDM), Hub,
Repeater. Network References Models: Layered architecture, protocol hierarchies, interface

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and services; ISO-OSI references model, TCP/IP reference model; Datalink layer function
and protocols: Framing, error-control, flow control; sliding window protocol; HDLC, SLIP
and PPP protocol; Network layer - routing algorithms, congestion control algorithms;
Internetworking: bridges and gateway; Transport layer - connection management,
addressing; Flow control and buffering, multiplexing; Session layer – RPC; Presentation
layer - abstract syntax notation; Application layer - File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet,
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP); World Wide Web(WWW) - Wide Area Indexed
Servers (WAIS), WAP; Network Security; Data compression and cryptography.
(Pre-requisite: CA-111)

CA-211 COMPILER CONSTRUCTION (2L+1P) I

Introduction to Compiler, Compilation Process, Compiler Structure; Programming Language

Grammars, Elements of a Formal Language Grammar, Derivation, Reduction & Syntax
Trees, Ambiguity Regular Grammar & Regular Expression – Context Free Grammar;
Introduction to Finite Automata, Deterministic Finite Automata, Non-deterministic Finite
Automata; Scanning & Parsing Techniques – The Scanner, Regular Grammar and FSA, Top
Down Parsing, Parsing Algorithm, Top Down Parsing Without Backtracking, Predictive
Parsers, Bottom Up Parsing, Parsing, LR Parsers, Shift Reduce Parsing ; Symbol Table
Organization, Memory Allocation – Static & Dynamic Memory Allocation, Compilation
Control Transfer, Procedure Calls, Conditional Execution, Iteration Control Construct;
Lexical Syntax Errors, Semantic, Major Issues In Optimization, Optimizing ,
Transformations, Local Optimization, Program Flow Analysis, Global Optimization.
(Pre-requisite: CA-114)

CA-212 COMPUTER GRAPHICS (2L+1P) I

Introduction, Application of Graphics, Elements of Graphics Workstation, Graphics I/P

Devices; Development of computer graphics: Basic graphics system and standards; Raster
scan and random scan graphics; Continual refresh and storages displays; Display processors
and character generators; Colour display techniques; Frame buffer and bit operations,
Concepts in raster graphics; Points, Lines and Curves; Scan conversion; Line-drawing
algorithms; Circle and ellipse generation; Polygon filling; Conic-section generation;
Antialiasing; Two-dimensional viewing: Basic transformations; Co-ordinate systems;
Windowing and clipping; Segments; Interactive picture-construction techniques; Interactive
input/output devices.; Three-dimensional concepts: 3-D representations and transformations;
3-D viewing; Algorithm for 3-D volumes, Spline curves and surfaces; Fractals; Quadtree and
Octree data structures; Hidden line and surface rendering and animation.
(Pre-requisite: CA-112)

CA-213 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (2L + 1P) I

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI); Scope of AI: Games, theorem proving, natural
language processing, robotics, expert system; Knowledge: General concept of knowledge,
Knowledge based system, Representation of knowledge, Knowledge organization and
manipulation, Acquisition of knowledge; Symbolic approach: Syntax and Semantics for
Prepositional Logic (PL) and First order predicates logic (FOPL), Properties of well formed
formulas (wffs), Conversion to clausal form, Inference rules, Resolution principle, Non
deductive inference methods; Search and Control strategies: Blind search, Breadth- first
search, Depth – First search, Hill climbing method, Best – First search, Branch and Bound
search; Learning: Concept of learning, learning automation, genetic algorithms, learning by

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induction; Expert System: Introduction to expert system, Characteristics features of expert
system, Applications, Importance of Expert system, Rule based system architecture.
(Pre-requisite: CA-132)

CA-214 INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS (2L + 1P) I

Survey of contemporary Internet Technologies - Role, use and implementation of current

tools; Application Layer Services and protocols - Domain name services, network
management protocol, electronic mail and file transfer protocol; World Wide Web – Web
pages, Web Sites, Web Servers; Intranet and Extranet Concepts; Web Application
Architectures; Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML); Building static and dynamic web
pages; Scripting Languages - Client side and server side scripting; Interaction with database.
(Pre-requisite: CA-121, CA-131 and CA-135)

CA-215 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (2L) I

Software engineering definition; Software Development: Phases, Process models, Project

structure, Project team structure, Role of Metrics, Measurement, Software quality factors.
Planning and Software Project: Requirement Analysis, Cost Estimation, Project Scheduling,
Quality Assurance Plan, and Project Monitoring Plans. System Design: Design Objectives,
Design Principles, Design Tools, and Techniques, Prototyping Structured Programming
Coding: Programming practices, Verification, Monitoring and Control. Testing: Testing
Fundamentals, Functional Testing, Structural Testing, Test Plan activities, Unit testing,
Integration Testing. Reliability: Concept of Software Reliability, Reliability Models,
Limitations of Reliability Models, Software Maintenance.
(Pre-requisite: CA-124)

CA-221 DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING (2L + 1P) II

Concepts and principles of data warehousing; Data warehousing architecture; System process
and process architecture; Data warehousing design; Database schema; Partitioning strategy;
Aggregations; Data marts; Meta data management; Data warehouse process; Query
Management; Data warehouse security; Backup and recovery; Capacity planning; Testing the
warehouse. Introduction to data mining; Neural networks; Fuzzy logic; Visualization
techniques; Decision trees; Association rules; Statistical and clustering models.
(Pre-requisite: CA-131, AS-161)

CA-222 MULTIMEDIA AND APPLICATIONS (1L + 1P) II

Introduction to Multimedia Technology - Computers, communications and entertainment;

Framework for multimedia systems; M/M devices, presentation devices and the user
interface, M/M presentation and authoring; Digital representation of sound and transmission;
Brief survey of speech recognition and generation; Digital video and image compression;
JPEG image compression standard; MPEG motion video compression; DVD technology,
Time based media representation and delivery; M/M software environment; Limitation of
workstation operating systems; M/M systems services; OS support for continuous media
applications; Media stream protocol; M/M file system and information representation; Data
models for M/M and Hypermedia information.
(Pre-requisite: CA-111)

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CA-223 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (2L + 1P) II

Basic management principles; Objectives of MIS; System concepts of MIS; Planning, design
and implementation of MIS; Decision making with MIS; Data information and
communication of MIS; Information systems in agriculture; Development of a MIS;
Accounting and Financial management; Project management-project scheduling CPM and
PERT.
(Pre-requisite: CA-124)

CA-224 GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES (2L + 1P) II

Introduction to Geographical Information System; Introduction- maps and spatial

information, components of a GIS; GIS Internals - data representation- raster and vector data
structures and analysis techniques; Digital Elevation Models; Data input, verification, storage
and output; Spatial modelling- manual and automatic digitizing process; Data errors in GIS;
Classification methods-multivariate analysis and classification; Spatial interpolation; Current
and potential uses of GIS in agricultural planning; Software components used in GIS; GIS in
India.
Physics of remote sensing, atmospheric effects and remote sensing sensors; Spectral
signatures of earth surface features, spectral characteristics of vegetation, soil and water; Data
acquisition system, satellite image acquisition; Data collections: pre-processing and data
storage; Visual and digital image interpretation; Digital image processing.
(Pre-requisite: AS-101 or AS-161)

CA-225 DATA ANALYSIS IN AGRICULTURE (1L+2P) II

Use of Software packages for: Summarization and tabulation of data; Descriptive statistics;
Graphical representation of data; Fitting and testing the goodness of fit of probability
distributions; Testing of hypothesis; t-test, Chi-square test and F-test; Concept of analysis of
variance and covariance of data for one-way and multi-classified experiments; Analyzing
crossed and nested classified designs; Analysis of mixed models; Estimation of variance
components; Testing the significance of contrasts; Correlation and regression including
multiple regression; Multivariate Analysis Techniques: Principal component analysis, Factor
analysis, Canonical Correlation Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Discriminent function; Analysis
of time series data etc.
(Pre-requisite: CA-101 or CA-112, AS-101 or AS-161)

CA-299 SEMINAR (1L) I /II /III

Core Course

For M.Sc., Within the discipline: CA-111, CA-112, CA-121, CA-122, CA-124, CA-131,
CA-132, CA-135, CA-211 and CA-225