National Institute of Technology Calicut Department of Mathematics MA 2001 Mathematics II Tutorial Sheet — IV (October 2014) 1, Anum contains red and white marbles in an unknown proportion. A random sample of 60 marbles selected with replacement from the um showed that 70% were red. Find: @ 95% and 99% confidence limits for the actual proportion of red marbles in the um. (i) size of the sample of marbles in order to be 95% and 99% confident that the true sample proportions do not differ more than 5% 2. Two samples of sizes 16 and 10 respectively are drawn at random from two normal populations. If their variances are found to be 24 and 18 respectively, find (a) 98% and (b) 90% confidence limits for the ratio of the variances, 3. The standard deviation of the breaking strengths of 10 cables tested by a company was 815 kilograms, Find 95%, and 99% confidence limits for the standard deviation of all cables produced by the company. 4, The standard deviation of the lifetimes of a sample of 200 electric light bulbs was computed to be 100 hours, How large sample must we take in order to be 99% confident that the true population standard deviation will not differ from the sample standard deviation by more than (a) 5% (b) 10%? 5. In the past the standard deviation of weights of certain 1135- gram packages filled by a machine was 7.1 grams, A random sample of 20 packages showed a standard deviation of9.1 grams. Is the apparent increase in variability significant at the (a) 0.05 and (b) 0.01 level of significance? 6. Apair of dice is tossed 100 times and it is observed that “sevens” appear 23 times. Test the hypothesis that the dice are fair, ie. not loaded, using (a) a two-tailed test and (b) a one tailed test both with a significance level of 0.05. Discuss your reasons, if any, for preferring one of these tests over the other. 7. A manufacturer claimed that at least 95% of the equipment, which he supplied to a factory, confirmed to specifications An examination of a sample of 200 pieces of equipment revealed that 18 were faulty. Test his claim at a significance level of (a) 1% 5%. 3 Me sun temperature of a city is obtained by finding the mean temperatures on the 15 day of each month, The standard deviation of the annual temperatures of the city over a period of 100 years was 8.9°C. During the last 15 years the standard deviation of annual temperature was computed as 5.6°C. Test the hypothesis that the temperatures in the city have become less variable than in the past, using the significance level of 5%. 9. Ausual complaint of interactive system users is the large variance of the response time While contemplating the purchase of a new interactive computer system, we measure 30 random samples of response time, and the sample variance is computed to be 25 ms? Assuming the response times are approximately normally distributed, find a 95% confidence interval for the population variance. 10. Execution times (in seconds) of 30 jobs processed by a computing center were measured and foundtobe: 10 19 90 40 15 ll 32:17 4 152 23 13 3604101 2 «14 2 23°34 «15 27 1uw 13 14 15 16 17. 18 19 57 17 3 30 50 4 62 48 Find the 90% confidence intervals for the mean and the variance of execution time ofa job. Assume that the execution time is approximately normally distributed In the past the standard deviation of the repose time to edition commands of a time- sharing system was 25 milliseconds and the mean response time was 400 milliseconds. A new version of the operating system was installed, and with this random sample of 21 editing commands experienced a standard deviation of response times of 32 milliseconds Is this increase in variability significant at a 5% level of significance? Is it significant at a 1% level of significance? ‘Two samples of sizes 6 and 8 respectively tum out to have the same variance. (1) Find 90% and 95% confidence intervals for the ratio of the variances of the population from which they are drawn. (2) Do you believe that the two samples were drawn from the same population? Give reason for your answer. In an experiment on extrasensory perception, a subject in one room is asked to state the color (ed or blue) of a card chosen from a deck of 50 well-shufiled cards by an individual in another room, It is unknown to the subject how many red or blue cards are in the deck. If the subject identifies 32 cards correctly, determine whether the results are significant at the (a) 0.05 and (b) 0.01 level of significance ‘The manufacturer of a patent medicine claimed that is it was 90% effective in relieving an allergy for a period of 8 hours. In a sample of 200 people who had allergy, the medicine provided relief for 160 people Determine whether the manufacturer's claim is legitimate ‘A sample poll of 300 voters from district A and 200 voters from district B showed that 56% and 48% respectively were in favor of a given candidates. At 5% levels of significance test the hypothesis that (a) there is a difference between the districts, (b) the candidate is preferred in district A On an elementary school examination in spelling, the mean grade of 32 boys was 7 with standard deviation of 8, while the mean grade of 36 girls was 75 with a standard deviation of 6. Test the hypothesis at (a) 0.05, (b) 0.01 level of significance that the girls are better in spelling than boys Random samples of 200 bolts manufactured by a machine A and 100 bolts manufactured by machine B showed 19 and 5 defective bolts respectively. Test the hypothesis that (a) the two machines are showing different qualities of performances and, (b) Machine B is performing better than Machine A. Use 0.05 level of significance ‘Two random samples drawn from two normal populations are Sample I 20 16 26 27 «23 «22 18 24°25 19 Sample Il 27 33 42 35 32 34 38 28 41 43 30 37 Can they be regarded as drawn from two normal distributions with the same variance? Eight- meter sections of copper wire produced at two different plants have a maximum resistance specification of 1 ohm. Historically, the defective rates at each plant have been statistically equal with 10% at plant A and 11% at plant B not meeting this specification. Recent samples of 150 and 100 wires at plant A and B respectively each had 12 wires that did not meet the specification, (@) Are the defective rates still statistically equal? (b) If the historical defective rates are neglected, is the decision in part (a) different? The following table gives the observed values for weekly defects by three shifts and two production lines. Use this data to determine if there is any relationship between the shift and the production lineLine Shift T 2 3 1 10 12 13 2 14 3 12 21. The personnel director at your company has asked you to verify the statement thet absenteeism is twice as bad on Mondays as the rest of the week. You are given personnel records for 3 months covering 890 days of lost work Day | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Frday Days lost 304 176 139 | 141 | 130 22. A chemical engineer, Gerald has been asked to solve a sulfur content problem in the manufacture of rubber tire. He determined the percentage of sulfur in tires. For 100 days the number of days, which violated the 4% per limit, is Violations per day [| 0 I 2 3 4 3 6 ‘Number of days 33 44 10 5 | A Poisson pm.fwas used for computation and A= 1.15 was estimated from this sample 2 Use the goodness of fit test to determine if the Poisson p m.fwas a good choice 23. The response time T of a circuit activator varies between 0.01 and 0.06s in discrete 0.01 units. The observed frequencies in 100 tests are given. Using level of significance of 10% determine if the observed data follows a discrete uniform distribution of the form: £() = Ife t=ke different values and 0 elsewhere. Responsetmet | O01] 002 | 003 | 004 | 005 | 0.06 Frequency 18, 18 15 14 19 | 16 24. Anew hay-bailing machine requires a wire with a high breaking strength. In a previous sample of 50 types of wire, 30 failed to meet the specification. Bailing machine sales personnel have collected field data from 500 agriculturists on the number of completed beles before a breakage is observed. If X is the bale number on which the first breakage takes place, the observed results may be summarized as follows x 1 2 3 4 5 6 Frequency, 287 120 40 30 15 8 Determine if the geometric distribution is a good choice for this data if level of significance is 1%.25. The number of flaws per 100 m? of cloth is to be checked by a quality control chart which assumes an underlying Poisson population, For the last 75 samples the number of flaws have been recorded as under: ‘Number of flaws 0 T 2 3 4 5 = 6 Frequency 20 | 30 15 7 2 1 0 Ifthe level of significance is 5%, is the Poisson population assumption a reasonable one? 26. The number of taxis waiting at a cab stand is thought to follow a uniform distribution ‘The number present was recorded at $0 random times Number oftais] 0 | 1 2 a7) 415 Frequency | 4 | 6 sf]s [76 a) Estimate the two parameters of the uniform distribution. 'b) Use the appropriate goodness of fit test to determine if the uniform distribution is a good choice at the 5% significance level 27. Car pools are being promoted by the Department of Transportation in the city of Hueco A traffic engineer observed X, the number of passengers in 80 cars on the highway. Now the engineer wants to fit a discrete distribution to the results. a) Select what appears to be an appropriate distribution for the data below. 'b) Estimate the parameters c) Determine if your choice was a good one at 0.05 significance 28. The time between arrivals at a ticket counter was recorded for 200 customers Time (min) 1 | 2 3 4 5 6 | 7 Frequency | 60 30 40 30 20 i0 | 10 Use goodness of fittest to determine if the time between arrivals follows an exponential distribution. Use 0.05 significance level 29. The average number of back-ordered units is recorded for an item purchased from four vendors under a contract and an as- needed basis. Is there a relationship between the vendor and method of ordering at significance level .10 and 0.05730 31 33 ‘Vendor, Orders 7 3 5 z Contract 12 7 6 i asneeded | 25 18 10 Ls Over a long period of time the grades given by a group of instructors in a particular course have averaged 12% A’s, 18% B's, 40% C's, 18% D's and 12% F's’ Anew instructor gives 22 A's, 34 B's, 66 C’s, 16 D's and 12 F's during two semesters. Determine at 5% significance level, whether the new instructor is following the grade pattem set by the others On a particular proposal of national importance, democrats and republicans cast votes as indicated in the table At a level of significance of (2) 0.01 and (b) 0.05, test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the two parties in so far as this proposal is concerned. In favor | Opposed | Undecided Democrats | 85 | 78 37 Republican | 118 61 25 s The table shows the relation between the performances of students in Mathematics and Physics. Test the hypothesis that the performance in Physics is independent of performance in Mathematics, using a (a) 0.05 and (b) 0.01 significance level MATHEMATICS High Medium Low Grades Grades Grades a 25 25 8 High Grades Opposed | Und: Undecided 2 Medium Grades 7 37 a7 = Low Grades 61 25 25 ‘The results of a survey made to determine whether the age of a driver 21 years of age or older has any effect on the number of automobile accidents in which he is involved are indicated in the table At a level of significance of (2) 0.05 and (b) 0.01, test the hypothesis that the number of accidents is independent of the age of the driver. What possible sources of difficulty in sampling techniques as well as other considerations could affect your conclusions?34 35 36 37. 38 39 _AGE OF THE DRIVER 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 0 748 821 786 720 672 7m oO 31 66 30 31 25 16 15 More 9 10 6 5 7 than 2 CCIDENTS NUMBER OF ‘The owner of machine shop must decide which of two snack-vending machines to install in his shop. If each machine is tested 250 times, the machine fails to work (neither delivers the snack nor returns the money) 13 times, and the second machine fails to work 7 times, test at the 0.05 level of significance whether the difference between the 2 corresponding sample proportions is significant, using the statistic. In a random sample of 160 workers exposed to a certain amount of radiation, 24 experienced some ill effects. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the corresponding true percentage using the large sample confidence interval formula If 26 of 200 brand A tyres fail to last 20,000 miles, whereas the corresponding figures for 200 tyres each of brands B, C and D are 23, 15 and 32, use the 0.05 level of significance to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the quality of the four kinds of tyres with regard to their durability. One method of seeding clouds was successful in 57 of 150 attempts while another method was successful in 33 of 100 attempts. At the 0.05 level of significance, can we conclude that the first method is better than the second? Find a large sample 95% confidence interval for the true difference of probebilities Two bonding agents, A and B are available for making a laminated beam of 50 beams made with agent A 11 failed a stress test, whereas 19 of the 50 beams made with agent B failed, At the 0.05 level, can we conclude that agent Ais better than agent B? Find a large sample 95% confidence interval for the true difference of the probabilities of failure The following is the distribution of the daily number of power failures reported in ‘western city on 300 days. Test at the 0.05 level of significance whether the daily number of power failures in this city is a random variable having the Poisson distribution with A= 32. Number ofpower failures] 0[ 1 [ 2 | 3] 4 s[é[7[8 [9 ‘Number of days gfe lea] 2 [3/2 ful 640. Mechanical Engineers, testing a new arc welding technique, classified welds both with respect to appearance and an X-ray inspection. Test for independence using a= 0.05 and 2 find the individual cell contributions to the statistic ‘Appearance Total Bad Normal Good Bad 20 7 3 30 ® Normal 13 ST 16 30 tad Good 7 12 2 40 Total 40 70 40 150