PROGRAMS BASED ON STACKS

AND QUEUES
1. Program to implement stacks without
classes.
s=[]
c="y"
while (c=="y"):
print "1. PUSH"
print "2. POP "
print "3. Display"
choice=input("Enter your choice: ")
if (choice==1):
a=input("Enter any number :")
s.append(a)
elif (choice==2):
if (s==[]):
print "Stack Empty"
else:
print "Deleted element is : ",s.pop()
elif (choice==3):
l=len(s)

for i in range(l-1,-1,-1):
print s[i]
c=raw_input("Do you want to continue or not?(y/n)\n")

2. Program to implement stacks with classes.

class stack:
s=[]
def push(self):
a=input('Enter any number : ')
stack.s.append(a)
def display(self):
l=len(stack.s)
for i in range(l-1,-1,-1):
print stack.s[i]
a=stack()
c="y"
while (c=="y"):
print "1. PUSH"
print "2. POP "
print "3. Display"
choice=input("Enter your choice: ")
if (choice==1):

a.push()
elif (choice==2):
if (a.s==[]):
print "Stack Empty"
else:
print "Deleted element is : ",a.s.pop()
elif (choice==3):
a.display()

3. Program to implement Queues without

classes.
a=[]
c='y'
while c=='y':
print "1. INSERT"
print "2. DELETE "
print "3. Display"
choice=input("Enter your choice : ")
if (choice==1):
b=input("Enter new number : ")
a.append(b)
elif (choice==2):
if (a==[]):

print "Queue Empty"

else:
print "Deleted element is : ",a[0]
del a[0]
elif (choice==3):
l=len(a)
for i in range(0,l):
print a[i]
else:
print "Wrong input"
c=raw_input("Do you want to continue or not? (y/n)\n")

4. Program to implement Queues with classes.

class queue:
q=[]
def insertion(self):
a=input("Enter new number : ")
queue.q.append(a)
def deletion(self):
if (queue.q==[]):
print "Queue Empty"
else:

print "Deleted element is : ",queue.q[0]

del queue.q[0]
def display(self):
l=len(queue.q)
for i in range(0,l):
print queue.q[i]
a=queue()
c='y'
while c=='y':
print "1. INSERT"
print "2. DELETE "
print "3. Display"
choice=input("Enter your choice : ")
if (choice==1):
a.insertion()
elif (choice==2):
a.deletion()
elif (choice==3):
a.display()
else:
print "Wrong input"
c=raw_input("Do you want to continue or not? (y/n)\n")

SQL QUERIES
1. Display all records from table EMP.
SQL> select* from emp;
EMPNO ENAME

JOB

MGR HIREDATE

SAL

COMM

DEPTNO

--------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------8877 SMITH

CLERK

7499 ALLEN

SALESMAN

7698 20-FEB-81

1600

300

30

7521 WARD

SALESMAN

7698 22-FEB-81

1250

500

30

7566 JONES

MANAGER

7654 MARTIN

SALESMAN

7698 BLAKE

7902 17-DEC-80

800

7839 02-APR-81

20

2975

20

7698 28-SEP-81

1250

MANAGER

7839 01-MAY-81

2850

30

7782 CLARK

MANAGER

7839 09-JUN-81

2450

10

7788 SCOTT

ANALYST

7839 KING

PRESIDENT

7844 TURNER

SALESMAN

7876 ADAMS

CLERK

7900 JAMES

CLERK

9999 FORD

ANALYST

7934 MILLER

CLERK

7566 19-APR-87
17-NOV-81

3000

7698 03-DEC-81
7566 03-DEC-81
7782 23-JAN-82

1500
1100
950
3000
1300

30

20

5000

7698 08-SEP-81
7788 23-MAY-87

1400

10
0

30
20
30
20
10

14 rows selected.

2. Display empno and ename of all employees

from table emp.

SQL> select empno, ename from emp;

EMPNO ENAME
--------- ---------8877 SMITH
7499 ALLEN
7521 WARD
7566 JONES
7654 MARTIN
7698 BLAKE
7782 CLARK
7788 SCOTT
7839 KING
7844 TURNER
7876 ADAMS
7900 JAMES
9999 FORD
7934 MILLER

14 rows selected.

3. Display ename, sal, sal added with comm

from emp.

SQL> select ename, sal, sal+comm from emp;

ENAME

SAL

SAL+COMM

---------- --------- --------SMITH

800

ALLEN

1600

1900

WARD

1250

1750

JONES

2975

MARTIN

1250

BLAKE

2850

CLARK

2450

SCOTT

3000

KING

5000

TURNER

1500

ADAMS

1100

JAMES

950

FORD

3000

MILLER

1300

14 rows selected.

2650

1500

4. Display ename joined with job with heading

"Employee", sal*12 as "Total Salary" from table
emp.

SQL> select ename ||job "Employee", sal*12 "Total

Salary" from emp;
Employee

Total Salary

------------------- -----------SMITHCLERK

9600

ALLENSALESMAN

19200

WARDSALESMAN

15000

JONESMANAGER

35700

MARTINSALESMAN

15000

BLAKEMANAGER

34200

CLARKMANAGER

29400

SCOTTANALYST

36000

KINGPRESIDENT

60000

TURNERSALESMAN

18000

ADAMSCLERK

13200

JAMESCLERK

11400

FORDANALYST

36000

MILLERCLERK

15600

14 rows selected.

5. Display distinct sal of employees from table

emp.
SQL> select distinct sal from emp;

SAL
--------800
950
1100
1250
1300
1500
1600
2450
2850
2975
3000
5000

12 rows selected.

6. Show the structure of table Dept.

SQL> describe dept;

Name

Null?

Type

------------------------------- -------- ---DEPTNO

NOT NULL NUMBER(2)

DNAME
VARCHAR(12)
LOC
VARCHAR2(13

7. Write a Query to display Ename and sal of

employees whose salary is greater than or
equal to 3000 from table emp.

SQL> select ename ,sal from emp where sal>=3000;

ENAME

SAL

---------- --------SCOTT

3000

KING

5000

FORD

3000

8. Write a query to display employee name,

salary and department number who are not
getting commission from table emp.

SQL> select ename, sal, deptno from emp where comm

is null;

ENAME

SAL

DEPTNO

---------- --------- --------SMITH

800

20

JONES

2975

20

BLAKE

2850

30

CLARK

2450

10

SCOTT

3000

20

KING

5000

10

ADAMS

1100

20

JAMES

950

30

FORD

3000

20

MILLER

1300

10

10 rows selected.

9. Write a query to display employee Number,

name , sal, sal*12 as annual Salary whose
commission is not null from table emp.

SQL> select ename, sal, deptno from emp where comm

is not null;
ENAME

SAL

DEPTNO

---------- --------- --------ALLEN

1600

30

WARD

1250

30

MARTIN

1250

30

TURNER

1500

30

10. Write a query to display employee name

and salary of those employees who do not have
their salary in the range of 1500 to 2000.
SQL> select ename, sal from emp where sal not
between 1500 and 2000;
ENAME

SAL

---------- --------SMITH

800

WARD

1250

JONES

2975

MARTIN

1250

BLAKE

2850

CLARK

2450

SCOTT

3000

KING

5000

ADAMS

1100

JAMES

950

FORD

3000

MILLER

1300

12 rows selected.

11. Write a query o display name, job, salary,

and hiredate of employees who are hired
between February 20 1981 and May 1 1981.
Order the query in ascending order of
HireDate.

SQL>select ename, job, hiredate from emp where

hiredate between '20-FEB-1981' and '1-MAY-1981'
>order by hiredate;

ENAME

JOB

HIREDATE

---------- --------- --------ALLEN

SALESMAN

20-FEB-81

WARD

SALESMAN

22-FEB-81

JONES

MANAGER

02-APR-81

BLAKE

MANAGER

01-MAY-81

12. Write a query to display the name and

hiredate of all the employees who were hired
in 1982.
SQL> select ename , hiredate from emp where
hiredate between '1-JAN-1982' and '31-DEC-1982';

ENAME

HIREDATE

---------- --------MILLER

23-JAN-82

13. Write a query to display the name, job title

and salary of those employees who do not have
manager.

SQL> select ename, job, sal from emp where mgr is

null;

ENAME

JOB

SAL

---------- --------- --------KING

PRESIDENT

5000

14. Write a query to display the name of

employee whose name contains 'A' as third
alphabet.

SQL>
%';

select ename from emp where ename like '__A

ENAME
---------BLAKE
CLARK
ADAMS

15. Write a query to display the name of the

employee whose name contains 'T' as the last
alphabet.

SQL>

select ename from emp where ename like '%T';

ENAME
---------SCOTT

16. Write a Query to display the name of the

employee whose name contains 'M' as first
alphabet and 'L' as third alphabet.
SQL> select ename from emp where ename like 'M_L%';

ENAME
---------MILLER

17. Write a Query to display the name of the

employee who is having 'L' as any alphabet of
the name.
SQL> select ename from emp where ename like '%L%';
ENAME
---------ALLEN

BLAKE
CLARK
MILLER

18. WAQ to display employee name, salary,

salary increased by 15% expressed as a whole
number Label the column as 'New Salary'.
SQL> select ename,sal, round (sal + sal * 0.15,0)
"New Salary" from emp;

ENAME

SAL New Salary

---------- --------- ---------SMITH

800

920

ALLEN

1600

1840

WARD

1250

1438

JONES

2975

3421

MARTIN

1250

1438

BLAKE

2850

3278

CLARK

2450

2818

SCOTT

3000

3450

KING

5000

5750

TURNER

1500

1725

ADAMS

1100

1265

JAMES

950

1093

FORD

3000

3450

MILLER

1300

1495

14 rows selected.

19. WAQ to display ename, salary review date

which is the date after six months of hiredate
in format of 'Sunday, 7 SEP, 1981'.
SQL> SELECT ENAME, TO_CHAR ( ADD_MONTHS
(HIREDATE,6), 'DAY, DD,MON, YYYY') "REVIEW DATE"
FROM EMP;

ENAME

REVIEW DATE

---------- ----------------------SMITH

WEDNESDAY, 17,JUN, 1981

ALLEN

THURSDAY , 20,AUG, 1981

WARD

SATURDAY , 22,AUG, 1981

JONES

FRIDAY

, 02,OCT, 1981

MARTIN

SUNDAY

, 28,MAR, 1982

BLAKE

SUNDAY

, 01,NOV, 1981

CLARK

WEDNESDAY, 09,DEC, 1981

SCOTT

MONDAY

, 19,OCT, 1987

KING

MONDAY

, 17,MAY, 1982

TURNER

MONDAY

, 08,MAR, 1982

ADAMS

MONDAY

, 23,NOV, 1987

JAMES

THURSDAY , 03,JUN, 1982

FORD

THURSDAY , 03,JUN, 1982

MILLER

FRIDAY

, 23,JUL, 1982

14 rows selected.

20. WAQ to display ename and total no of

weeks lapsed between hiredate and today.

SQL> SELECT ENAME, ROUND((SYSDATE- HIREDATE)/7)

FROM EMP
ENAME

ROUND((SYSDATE-HIREDATE)/7)

---------- --------------------------SMITH

1272

ALLEN

1263

WARD

1263

JONES

1257

MARTIN

1232

BLAKE

1253

CLARK

1247

SCOTT

942

KING

1224

TURNER

1234

ADAMS

937

JAMES

1222

FORD

1222

MILLER

1215

14 rows selected.

21. WAQ to display ename and total no of days

lapsed between hiredate and today.

SQL> SELECT ENAME, ROUND (SYSDATE- HIREDATE) FROM

EMP;

ENAME

ROUND(SYSDATE-HIREDATE)

---------- ----------------------SMITH

8906

ALLEN

8841

WARD

8839

JONES

8800

MARTIN

8621

BLAKE

8771

CLARK

8732

SCOTT

6592

KING

8571

TURNER

8641

ADAMS

6558

JAMES

8555

FORD

8555

MILLER

8504

14 rows selected.

22. Create a query that produces display in the

following format:
<employee name> EARNS<salary> Monthly
and Working as<Job>
SQL> SELECT ENAME ||'EARNS $'||SAL||'MONTHLY AND
WORKING AS' || JOB FROM EMP;
ENAME||'EARNS$'||SAL||'MONTHLYANDWORKINGAS'||JOB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SMITHEARNS $800MONTHLY AND WORKING ASCLERK
ALLENEARNS $1600MONTHLY AND WORKING ASSALESMAN
WARDEARNS $1250MONTHLY AND WORKING ASSALESMAN
JONESEARNS $2975MONTHLY AND WORKING ASMANAGER
MARTINEARNS $1250MONTHLY AND WORKING ASSALESMAN
BLAKEEARNS $2850MONTHLY AND WORKING ASMANAGER

CLARKEARNS $2450MONTHLY AND WORKING ASMANAGER

SCOTTEARNS $3000MONTHLY AND WORKING ASANALYST
KINGEARNS $5000MONTHLY AND WORKING ASPRESIDENT
TURNEREARNS $1500MONTHLY AND WORKING ASSALESMAN
ADAMSEARNS $1100MONTHLY AND WORKING ASCLERK
JAMESEARNS $950MONTHLY AND WORKING ASCLERK
FORDEARNS $3000MONTHLY AND WORKING ASANALYST
MILLEREARNS $1300MONTHLY AND WORKING ASCLERK

14 rows selected.

23. WAQ to display ename with first letter

capitalized and other letter lowercase and
length of their name string.

SQL> select initcap (ename) "name", length (ename)

from emp;
name

LENGTH(ENAME)

---------- ------------Smith

Allen

Ward

Jones

Martin

Blake

Clark

Scott

King

Turner

Adams

James

Ford

Miller

14 rows selected.

24. WAQ to display the ename, dname and all

the employees that work in the same dept as
the given employee.

SQL> select ename, deptno from emp where deptno in

(select deptno from emp)
ENAME

DEPTNO

---------- --------CLARK

10

KING

10

MILLER

10

SMITH

20

ADAMS

20

FORD

20

SCOTT

20

JONES

20

ALLEN

30

BLAKE

30

MARTIN

30

JAMES

30

TURNER

30

WARD

30

14 rows selected.