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Tutorial 12: SC-116 Algebraic Structures Autumn 2015 (Diagonalization, Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors)

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Tutorial 12

SC-116 Algebraic Structures Autumn 2015


(Diagonalization,Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors)

(1) Find the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues and bases for the eigen-spaces of the
following matrices


 

1 2 2
3 1 1
1 2
2 1
a)
b)
c) 1 2 1 d)2 4 2
3 2
1 0
1 1 4
1 1 3
(2) Let D denote the derivative map which is a linear map on the space of differentiable
functions. Show that the functions sinkx and coskx (k 6= 0) are eigenvectors of D2 .
What are the eigenvalues ?
(3) Find
matrix
O such that Ot AO is diagonal where A is equal to:
 an orthogonal


1 3
2 3
a)
b)
3 2
3 1
(4) Let A be a symmetric linear map. Let v1 and v2 be eigenvectors of with eigenvalues
1 and 2 such that 1 6= 2 . Show that v1 is perpendicular to v2 .

(5) Find
Usuch that
 a unitary matrix

 U AU is diagonal, where A is equal to:
2
1+i
1 i
a)
b) a)
1i
1
i 1

(6) A Hermitian operator A : V V is said to be positive definite if hAv | vi > 0 and


positive semi-definite if hAv | vi 0 for all v V . Show that if A is positive definite
operator then
a) All the eigenvalues are > 0. ( 0 for positive semidefinite)
b)there exists a linear map B such that B 2 = A. (also holds true for positive semidifinite)
c)A2 and A1 are positive definite.


1 i
(7) Show that the matrix A =
is positive semidefinite. Find a square root of
i 1
A, that is find a matrix B such that B 2 = A
(8) Show that if A and B are n n Hermitian matrices such that AB = BA then they
can be simulatenously diagonalized, that is there exists a basis of eigenvectors that
simultaneously diagonalizes both A and B.

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