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    Productivity

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    Productivity refers to the production of biomass or energy over time by organisms. Gross productivity is the total gain, while net productivity accounts for losses like respiration and metabolism. Primary productivity involves producers like plants, while secondary productivity refers to gains by consumers. The most productive ecosystems have ample heat, light, water, nutrients, and limited herbivory. Estuaries and tropical rainforests tend to be the most productive, while deserts and tundra are least productive. Satellite data shows variations in global primary productivity across land and ocean.

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    Productivity

    Uploaded by

    api-253170211
    190 views15 pages
    Productivity refers to the production of biomass or energy over time by organisms. Gross productivity is the total gain, while net productivity accounts for losses like respiration and metabolism. Primary productivity involves producers like plants, while secondary productivity refers to gains by consumers. The most productive ecosystems have ample heat, light, water, nutrients, and limited herbivory. Estuaries and tropical rainforests tend to be the most productive, while deserts and tundra are least productive. Satellite data shows variations in global primary productivity across land and ocean.

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    Productivity refers to the production of biomass or energy over time by organisms. Gross productivity is the total gain, while net productivity accounts for losses like respiration and metabolism. Primary productivity involves producers like plants, while secondary productivity refers to gains by consumers. The most productive ecosystems have ample heat, light, water, nutrients, and limited herbivory. Estuaries and tropical rainforests tend to be the most productive, while deserts and tundra are least productive. Satellite data shows variations in global primary productivity across land and ocean.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    190 views15 pages

    Productivity

    Uploaded by

    api-253170211
    Productivity refers to the production of biomass or energy over time by organisms. Gross productivity is the total gain, while net productivity accounts for losses like respiration and metabolism. Primary productivity involves producers like plants, while secondary productivity refers to gains by consumers. The most productive ecosystems have ample heat, light, water, nutrients, and limited herbivory. Estuaries and tropical rainforests tend to be the most productive, while deserts and tundra are least productive. Satellite data shows variations in global primary productivity across land and ocean.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15

    PRODUCTION is the incorporation of energy and

    biomass (matter) into the bodies of organisms.

    PRODUCTIVITY

    is production per unit time.

    energy per unit area per unit time (J/m2/yr1)


    Or
    biomass added per unit area per unit time (g/m2/yr1)
    BIOMASS is the mass of organic
    material found in an
    organisms/population/community/or
    trophic level of an ecosystem.
    Standing crop = ecosystem biomass.

    GROSS PRODUCTIVITY (GP)


    is the total gain in
    energy or biomass
    per unit time.
    Could be through
    photosynthesis or
    absorption in
    consumers.

    NET PRODUCTIVITY (NP)


    The gain in energy or biomass per unit
    time remaining after all losses.
    Organisms use some of the energy
    they capture to keep themselves
    growing and alive is called
    METABOLISM.
    The energy used by organisms for
    essential tasks is called
    RESPIRATORY ENERGY, and
    eventually it is released to the
    environment as heat.

    NP = GP (respiration and metabolism)

    (for both producers and consumers)

    Net Primary Productivity (NPP)


    The quantity of biomass potentially
    available to consumers in an ecosystem.
    Energy harnessed by producers = GPP.
    Plants have to use some of the energy they
    capture to keep themselves growing and
    alive (metabolism and respiration).
    Therefore...

    NPP = GPP (respiration and metabolism)

    Energy enters an ecosystem through


    sunlight.
    Only 2% of the light energy falling on a tree
    is captured and turned into chemical energy
    (glucose) by photosynthesis.
    The rest is reflected, or just warms up the
    tree as it is absorbed.

    NET SECONDARY PRODUCTIVITY


    (NSP)
    biomass gained by
    heterotrophic
    organisms through
    feeding and absorption.
    Not all food eaten is
    absorbed (assimilated)
    into an animals body.
    Unassimilated food =
    feces or droppings
    NSP = food eaten (fecal loss, metabolism, respiration)

    In a food web you can


    usually assume that:
    The energy input into
    an organism = GP.
    The energy output to
    the next trophic level =
    NP.
    The difference between
    GP and NP =
    Respiration,
    metabolism, and/or
    loss to fecal matter or
    decomposers .

    Measuring Primary
    Productivity

    1. Harvest method - measure biomass and


    express as biomass per unit area per unit
    time.
    2. CO2 assimilation - measure CO2 uptake
    in photosynthesis and release by
    respiration.
    3. O2 production - Measure O2 production
    and consumption.

    Measuring Primary Productivity


    4. Radioisotope method - use C14 tracer in
    photosynthesis.
    5. Chlorophyll measurement - assumes a
    correlation between amount of chlorophyll and
    rate of photosynthesis.

    What affects productivity?


    1. Solar radiation
    2. Temperature
    3. CO2
    4. H2O
    5. Nutrients
    6. Herbivory

    Therefore
    The least productive ecosystems are
    those with limited heat and light
    energy, limited water and limited
    nutrients.
    The most productive ecosystems are
    those with high temperatures, lots of
    water, light and nutrients.

    Biome Productivity
    Estuaries
    Swamps and marshes
    Tropical rain forest
    Temperate forest

    Northern coniferous forest (taiga)


    Savanna
    Agricultural land
    Woodland and shrubland
    Temperate grassland
    Lakes and streams
    Continental shelf
    Open ocean
    Tundra (arctic and alpine)
    Desert scrub
    Extreme desert

    800 1,600 2,400 3,200 4,000 4,800 5,600 6,400 7,200 8,000 8,800 9,600
    Average net primary productivity (kcal/m2/yr)

    Three years of satellite data on the earths GP.


    LAND: high = dark green low = yellow
    OCEAN: high = red low = blue

    73%
    Not used by humans

    Human use
    of biomass
    produced by
    photosynthe
    sis (NPP).

    3%
    Used directly
    8%
    Lost or degraded land

    16%
    Altered by human activity

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