SUBQUERIES TO SOLVE QUERIES QUESTIONS

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1. Which of the following are the types of sub-queries?

A. Ordered sub-queries
B. Grouped sub-queries
C. Single row sub-queries
D. None of the above
Answer: C. A subquery is a complete query nested in the SELECT,FROM, HAVING, or WHERE
clause of another query.The subquery must be enclosed in parentheses and have a SELECT and a
FROM clause, at a minimum. Single row sub-queries and multi-row sub-queries are the main types
of sub-queries
2.Which of the following is true about sub-queries?
A. They execute after the main query executes
B. They execute in parallel to the main query
C. The user can execute the main query and then, if wanted, execute the sub-query
D. They execute before the main query executes.
Answer: D. The sub-query always executes before the execution of the main query.Subqueries
are completed first.The result of the subquery is used as input for the outer query.
3.Which of the following is true about the result of a sub-query?
A. The result of a sub-query is generally ignored when executed.
B. The result of a sub-query doesn't give a result, it is just helpful in speeding up the main query
execution
C. The result of a sub-query is used by the main query.
D. The result of a sub-query is always NULL
Answer: C. Subqueries are completed first.The result of the subquery is used as input for the
outer query.
4.Which of the following clause is mandatorily used in a sub-query?
A. SELECT
B. WHERE
C. ORDER BY
D. GROUP BY
Answer: A. A sub-query is just like any other query which has to start with a SELECT clause. They
are contained within an outer query.
5. Which of the following is a method for writing a sub-query in a main query?
A. By using JOINS
B. By using WHERE clause
C. By using the GROUP BY clause
D. By writing a SELECT statement embedded in the clause of another SELECT statement
Answer: D. A subquery is a complete query nested in the SELECT, FROM, HAVING, or WHERE

clause of another query.The subquery must be enclosed in parentheses and have a SELECT and a
FROM clause, at a minimum.
6.In the given scenarios, which one would appropriately justify the usage of sub-query?
A. When we need to sum up values
B. When we need to convert character values into date or number values
C. When we need to select rows from a table with a condition that depends on the data from the
same or different table.
D. None of the above
Answer: C.
7.In which of the following clauses can a sub-query be used?
A. HAVING
B. WHERE
C. FROM
D. All of the above
Answer: D. A sub-query is not different from a normal query. It can make use of all the primary
clauses of a SELECT statement.
8.Which of the following single-row operators can be used for writing a sub-query?
A. >=
B. <
C. =
D. All of the above
Answer: D. Single-row operators include =, >, <, >=, <=, and <>.
9.Which of the following multi-row operators can be used with a sub-query?
A. IN
B. ANY
C. ALL
D. All of the above
Answer: D. Multiple-row subqueries return more than one row of results.Operators that can be
used with multiple-row subqueries include IN, ALL, ANY, and EXISTS.
10.What is true about the output obtained from a sub-query?
A. It remains in the buffer cache
B. It remains inside the sub-query and can be used later when needed
C. It is used to complete the outer main query
D. Both A and C
Answer: C. Subqueries are completed first.The result of the subquery is used as input for the
outer query.
11.You need to find the salaries for all the employees who have a higher salary than the
Vice President of a company 'ABC'.Which of the following queries will give you the
required result? Considerthetablestructureasgiven
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type

----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID

NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)

A.

SELECT first_name, last_name, salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary > (SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'VICE-PRESIDENT');

B. SELECT first_name, last_name, salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary = (SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'VICE-PRESIDENT');

C. SELECT first_name, last_name, salary

FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'VICE-PRESIDENT');

D. None of the above

Answer: A. In the option 'A', the inner sub-query gives the VP's salary as a result to the outer
query.
12.What among the following is true about sub-queries?
A. Sub-queries can be written on either side of a comparison operator
B. Parenthesis is not mandatory for sub-queries
C. Single-row sub-queries can use multi-row operators but vice versa is not possible
D. All of the above
Answer: A. Sub queries can be placed on left or right hand side of the comparison operator
depending on the query indentation and usability.
13. What will be the outcome of the following query? Considerthegiventablestructure
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SELECT first_name, last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary ANY (SELECT salary FROM employees);

A. It executes successfully giving the desired results

B. It executes successfully but does not give the desired results
C. It throws an ORA error
D. It executes successfully and gives two values for each row obtained in the result set
Answer: C. Multi-row operators cannot be used in single-row sub-queries and vice versa.
14.Which of the following is true about single-row sub-queries?
A. They give one result from the main query
B. They give only one row in the result set
C. They return only one row from the inner SELECT statement
D. They give multiple rows from the main outer query
Answer: C. A single-row subquery can return a maximum of one value.
15.What is true about multi-row sub-queries?
A. They can return more than one column as the result of the inner query
B. They return multiple rows in the main query but only a single result set in the inner query
C. They return single row in the main query but multiple rows in the inner sub-query
D. They return more than one row from the inner SELECT statement
Answer: D. Multi-column sub-queries return more than one column in their result set, multi-row
sub-queries return more than one row from the inner query.
16.What among the following is true about single-row sub-queries?
A. They return only one row
B. They use single-row operators
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
Answer: C.
17.Which of the following operators cannot be used in a sub-query?
A. AND
B. <
C. >
D. <>
Answer: A. Single-row operators include =, >, <, >=, <=, and <>. Multi-row operators that can
be used with multiple-row subqueries include IN, ALL, ANY, and EXISTS.
Examine the exhibit and answer the questions 18 to 21 that follow.

18.You need to find out the names of all employees who belong to the same
department as the employee 'Jessica Butcher' who is in department 100 and has an
employee ID 40. Which of the following queries will be correct?
A. SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Butcher'
And first_name = 'Jessica';

B. SELECT first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE department =100;

C. SELECT first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE department = (SELECT department
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = 'Jessica'
AND last_name = 'Butcher');

D. SELECT first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE department = (SELECT department
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = 'Jessica'
AND last_name = 'Butcher'
AND department = 100
AND employee_id = 40);

Answer: D. 'D' is more appropriate than 'C' because it filters on employee id which is unique and
ensures that the sub-query will return single row only. 'C' can fail if there are more than one
employee with the same first and last name.
19.You need to find out the employees which belong to the department of 'Jessica
Butcher' and have salary greater than the salary of 'Jessica Butcher' who has an
employee ID of 40. Which of the following queries will work?
A. SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Butcher'
AND first_name = 'Jessica'
AND salary > 10000;

B. SELECT first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE department = 100;

C. SELECT first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE department = (SELECT department
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = 'Jessica'
AND last_name = 'Butcher'

AND employee_id = 40)

AND salary > (SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = 'Jessica'
AND last_name = 'Butcher'
AND employee_id = 40);

D. SELECT first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE department = (SELECT department
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = 'Jessica'
AND last_name = 'Butcher'
AND department = 100);

Answer: C. More than one sub-query can be written in one SQL statement to add more than one
condition.
20.Based on the answers for questions 18th and 19th, what type of sub-queries is used
by them?
A. Single row sub-query
B. Multiple row sub-query
C. Both A and B
D. Inline sub-query
Answer: A. The questions 18th and 19th given above demonstrate the usage sub-queries in a
SELECT statement.
21.Consider two statements about outer and inner queries in context of SQL subqueries?
i. The inner queries can get data from only one table
ii. The inner queries can get data from more than one table
Which of the above statements are true?
A. i
B. ii
C. Both i and ii
D. Neither i nor ii
Answer: B. Sub-queries can fetch data from more than one table.
Examine the table structure as follows and answer the questions 22 to 27 that follow:
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)

22.What will be the outcome of the following query? Choosethemostappropriateanswer

SQL> DESC employees

Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary = (SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees);

A. It executes successfully and gives the employees who have salaries equal to the max salary.
B. It executes successfully but does not give the required results
C. It throws an error as a group function is used in the sub-query
D. It throws an error as a single row sub-query should contain a multi-row operator
Answer: A. A group function can be used within a sub-query.
23.What will be the outcome of the query that follows?
SELECT first_name, last_name, min(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary) >
(SELECT min(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 100);

A. It executes successfully and gives the names and minimum salary greater than department
100 of all employees
B. It executes successfully and gives the salaries of the employees in department 100
C. It executes successfully and gives the names and minimum salaries of all the employees.
D. It throws an error.
Answer: A. HAVING clause can be used in sub-queries as shown
24.You need to find the job which has a maximum average salary.Which of the following
queries will give you the required results?
A. SELECT job_id, avg(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;

B. SELECT job_id, avg(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING job_id in (SELECT max(avg(salary) FROM employees);

C. SELECT job_id, avg(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING max(avg(salary) in (SELECT max(avg(salary) FROM employees);

D. SELECT job_id, avg(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING avg(salary) in (SELECT max(avg(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY job_id);

Answer: D. Sub-queries can make use of group functions and HAVING clause to restrict the
groups.
25.The following query throws an error. Choose the correct reason for the error as
given in the options.
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct = (SELECT min(commission_pct )
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id);

A. The GROUP BY clause is not required in the sub-query

B. A function cannot be used in a sub-query SELECT statement
C. The single row sub-query gives multiple records
D. The use of "=" operator is invalid; an IN operator will work correctly
Answer: C, D. The GROUP BY clause gives the minimum commission_pct for each department
and hence multiple results are fetched to the main query giving an error.
26.Consider the query given below.How many records will be returned as a result of the
above query? AssumingthenoemployeewithjobidXXexistsinthecompany
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE salary = (SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'XX');

A. 1
B. NULL
C. 0
D. The query raises ORA error because sub-query is invalid.
Answer: C. Since there is no employee with job_id "XX" in the company, the sub-query returns no
result, which when equated to job_id in the main query gives a 0.
27.What happens if the WHERE condition in the query given in question 26 is replaced
with a new one WHEREjobidISNOTNULL? Assumethenumberofrecordsin employees tableis14.
A. 1
B. 14
C. 0
D. ORA error
Answer: D. The query execution raises the exception "ORA-01427: single-row subquery returns
more than one row".
28.Which of the following are valid multi row operators used for sub-queries?
A. <=
B. ANY >=

C. !=
D. >=
Answer: B. Multiple-row subqueries return more than one row of results.Operators that can be
used with multiple-row subqueries include IN, ALL, ANY, and EXISTS.The multi row operators IN,
ANY, ALL must be used with single row operators as shown in the option B.
Examine the table structure as given. Consider the query given below and answer the
questions 29 to 33 that follow
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SELECT first_name, last_name, salary, commission_pct
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY (SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 100)
AND department_id <> 101;

29.What does the ANY operator evaluates to in the above query?

A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. NULL
D. 0
Answer: A. The multi row operators return Boolean results. As there are results of salary in the
department 100, it returns TRUE. If there are 0 results, it evaluates to FALSE.
30.What will be the outcome of the query if we assume that the department 100 has
only one employee?
A. It executes successfully giving the one result
B. It executes successfully giving salaries of all the employees
C. NULL
D. It throws an ORA error
Answer: D. If the department 100 has one result singlerowsub query, the < ANY operator gives the
error as it is a multi-row operator.
31.What will be the outcome of the query given above if the < ANY operator is replaced
with = ANY operator?
A. Oracle will treat each value of the salary returned from the sub-query as it does with IN
operator
B. There will be no difference in the results
C. The results will differ

D. The execution will thrown an ORA error

Answer: A. = ANY operator is equivalent to IN operator.
32.What can be said about the < ANY operator in the query given above?
A. It gives the maximum value of salary
B. It gives the minimum value of salary
C. It means it gives the values that are lesser than the highest
D. None of the above
Answer: C. The multi row operator < ANY evaluates to the statements "Less than the maximum"
of the subquery. '> ALL' More than the highest value returned by the subquery. '< ALL' Less than
the lowest value returned by the subquery. '< ANY' Less than the highest value returned by the
subquery. '< ANY' More than the lowest value returned by the subquery. '= ANY' Equal to any
value returned by the subquery sameasIN. '[NOT] EXISTS' Row must match a value in the subquery
<
33.Assume that the < ANY operator is replaced with the > ANY. What is true about this
operator?
A. It gives the maximum salary
B. It finds only the maximum salary from the sub-query
C. It gives more than the minimum salary
D. It gives the minimum salary
Answer: C. The multi row operator > ANY evaluates to the statements "Greater than the
minimum" of the subquery. '> ALL' More than the highest value returned by the subquery. '< ALL'
Less than the lowest value returned by the subquery. '< ANY' Less than the highest value returned
by the subquery. '> ANY' More than the lowest value returned by the subquery. '= ANY' Equal to
any value returned by the subquery sameasIN. '[NOT] EXISTS' Row must match a value in the
subquery
<
34. Examine the given table structure and consider the following query:
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE salary IN (SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id );

Which WHERE clause among the following is equivalent to that given in the above query?
Assumethatthesalariesare2500, 3000, 3500, 4000
A. WHERE salary < ANY (SELECT max(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id );

B. WHERE salary < ALL (SELECT max(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id );

C. WHERE salary = (SELECT max(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id );

D. WHERE salary IN (2500,3000,3500,4000);

Answer: D. When the IN operator is used, Oracle treats individual results of the sub-query as
shown in the option D.
Examine the structure of the EMPLOYEES table as given below and answer the
questions 35 to 37 that follow.
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)

<
35. You need to find out which of the employees have a salary less than that of the
salary for the job ID 'FIN_ACT'. Which of the following queries will give you the required
output?
A. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ALL
(SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'FIN_ACT')
AND job_id <> 'FIN_ACT';

B. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE salary > ALL
(SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'FIN_ACT')
AND job_id <> 'FIN_ACT';

C. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY
(SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'FIN_ACT')
AND job_id <> 'FIN_ACT';

D. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE salary = (SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'FIN_ACT')
AND job_id <> 'FIN_ACT';

Answer: A. < ALL means less than the minimum. '> ALL' More than the highest value returned by
the subquery. '< ALL' Less than the lowest value returned by the subquery. '< ANY' Less than the
highest value returned by the subquery. '> ANY' More than the lowest value returned by the
subquery. '= ANY' Equal to any value returned by the subquery sameasIN. '[NOT] EXISTS' Row must
match a value in the subquery
36.What will be the outcome of the above query theoptionAinthequestionabove, if the < ALL is
replaced with the >ALL?
A. It will execute successfully giving the same result.
B. It will throw an ORA error
C. It will execute successfully but give the employees' details who have salaries lesser than all
the employees with job_id 'FI_ACCOUNTANT'.
D. None of the above
Answer: C. >ALL means less than the minimum. '> ALL' More than the highest value returned by
the subquery. '< ALL' Less than the lowest value returned by the subquery. '< ANY' Less than the
highest value returned by the subquery. '> ANY' More than the lowest value returned by the
subquery. '= ANY' Equal to any value returned by the subquery sameasIN. '[NOT] EXISTS' Row must
match a value in the subquery
37.You need to find the salaries for all employees who are not in the department 100.
Which of the following queries will give you the required result?
A. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE salary !=ALL
(SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 100)
AND department_id <> 100;

B. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE salary NOT IN
(SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 100)
AND department_id <> 100;

C. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE salary NOT ALL
(SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 100)
AND department_id <> 100;

D. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees
WHERE salary != (SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 100)
AND department_id <> 100;

Answer: C. NOT can be used with the multi row operators IN, ANY and ALL.

Examine the table structure as given. Consider the following query and answer the questions 38
and 39 that follow. You need to find the employees who do not have a sub-ordinate reporting to
them. Assumethereare0expectedresults
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id NOT IN
(SELECT manager_id
FROM employees);

38.What will be the result of the query given above?

A. 10
B. NULL
C. ORA error
D. 0
Answer: D. One of the values in the inner sub-query is NULL allemployeesarenotmanagers!
39.Which of the following WHERE clauses should be added / modified to the above
query to give the expected results?
A. WHERE employee_id != (SELECT manager_id FROM employees);
B. WHERE employee_id IN (SELECT manager_id FROM employees);
C. WHERE employee_id <>ALL (SELECT manager_id FROM employees);
D. WHERE employee_id NOT IN (SELECT manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id is NOT NULL);

Answer: B, D. If the sub-query is likely to have NULL values, do not use the NOT IN operator or if
using, modify the sub-query with an additional WHERE clause optionD
40.What is true about sub-queries in general?
A. Sub-queries have to be executed separately from the main queries
B. Sub-queries can be executed at the will of the user, they are not related to the main query
execution
C. Sub-queries are equal to two sequential queries where the results of inner query are used by
the main query
D. All of the above
Answer: C.

41. Which of the following is true about sub-queries?

A. A sub-query can return 0 or more rows
B. A sub-query can be used only in the SELECT clause
C. Nesting of sub-queries is limited to 2 levels
D. Group functions cannot be used in sub-queries
Answer: A. A subquery is a complete query nested in the SELECT, FROM, HAVING, or WHERE
clause of another query. The subquery must be enclosed in parentheses and have a SELECT and a
FROM clause, at a minimum. A single-row subquery can return a maximum of one value. Multiplecolumn subqueries return more than one column to the outer query.
42. Examine the table structure as given.
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)

Consider the following query.

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id NOT IN
(SELECT manager_id, hire_date
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id is not null);

This query returns an error. What is the reason for error?

A. The NOT IN operator used is invalid
B. The WHERE clause in the sub-query is incorrectly written
C. The column in the sub-query SELECT clause should only be one when there's an inequality
used in the main query
D. The sub-query uses the same table as the main query
Answer: C. The columns selected in the sub-query should be same as on the other side of
comparison operator. Any inequality of data type or number of columns would result in an ORA
error.
43.A report has to be extracted which displays all the departments that have one or
more employees assigned to them. Which of the following queries will give the required
output? Considerthetablestructureasgiven
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)

HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)

A. SELECT department_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id
FROM employees);

IN (SELECT distinct (department_id )

B. SELECT department_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id
FROM employees);

ANY (SELECT distinct (department_id )

C. SELECT department_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id
FROM employees);

< ANY (SELECT distinct (department_id )

D. SELECT department_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id
FROM employees);

= ANY (SELECT distinct (department_id )

Answer: A, D.
44.What is the maximum level of sub-queries allowed in Oracle in a single SQL
statement?
A. 20
B. 50
C. Unlimited
D. 255
Answer: D. Oracle supports the Nesting of queries to 255 levels.
45. What should be the best practice to follow when we know what values we need to
pass on to the main query in Oracle queries?
A. Using GROUP BY
B. Using sub-queries
C. Using HAVING
D. None of the above
Answer: D. It might become possible that the sub-queries give a NULL result, which results in 0
rows in the main result; hence it is a good practice to use them only if we know what values we
need.
Examine the table structure as given. Consider the following query and answer the
questions 46 and 47 that follow:
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)

PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name, job_id
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (SELECT job_id FROM employees);

46.You need to find all the employees whose job ID is the same as that of an employee
with ID as 210. Which of the following WHERE clauses would you add / modify to
achieve this result? (Consider the table structure as given
A. WHERE job_id = (SELECT job_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 210);
B. WHERE job_id IN (SELECT job_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 210);
C. WHERE job_id > (SELECT job_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 210);
D. WHERE job_id >= (SELECT job_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 210);
Answer: A.
47.Assume that you change the WHERE clause as given in the option A in question 46
as the following.
WHERE job_id = (SELECT job_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id < 210);

What will be the outcome of this change?

A. The results will be the same
B. ORA error thrown on execution
C. The results will differ
D. The query will execute successfully giving 0 rows.
Answer: B. The sub-query gives more than one result on the given change and hence a multi row
operator should replace the "=" in the main query given above.
48.Examine the table structures as shown in the exhibit below.

You need to display the names of the employees who have the highest salary. Which of the
following SQL statements will be correct?
A. SELECT first_name, last_name, grade
FROM employees, grade
WHERE (SELECT max (salary) FROM employees) BETWEEN losal and hisal;

B. SELECT first_name, last_name, grade

FROM employees, grade
WHERE (SELECT max (salary) FROM employees) BETWEEN losal and hisal
AND salary BETWEEN losal and hisal;

C. SELECT first_name, last_name, grade

FROM employees, grade
WHERE salary = (SELECT max (salary) FROM employees)
AND salary BETWEEN losal and hisal;

D. SELECT first_name, last_name, grade

FROM employees, grade
WHERE salary IN (SELECT max (salary) FROM employees)
AND max(salary) BETWEEN losal and hisal;

Answer: B, C. The sub-queries can be written on either side of the operator

49.What is the sub-query in the FROM clause of an SQL statement?
Choosethemostappropriateanswer
A. Single row sub-query
B. Multi row sub-query
C. Inline View
D. Co-related sub-query
Answer: C. If a sub-query appears in the FROM clause of the SELECT statements,it forms an Inline
view. Oracle internally creates a temporary view for the query execution.
50.What is the maximum number of nesting level allowed in an Inline View type subquery?
A. 255
B. 300
C. 216
D. Unlimited
Answer: D. As there is no limit on the number of tables which can be joined, there is no limit on
the number of inline view in a query.
51.What is true about co-related sub-queries?
A. The tables used in the main query are also used in a co-related sub-query
B. The sub-queries which reference a column used in the main query are called co-related subqueries
C. The sub-queries which are written without parenthesis are called co-related sub-queries
D. The sub-queries which mandatorily use different tables than those used in the main query
are called co-related sub-queries
Answer: B. Correlated subquery references a column in the outer query and executes the
subquery once for every row in the outer query while Uncorrelated subquery executes the

subquery first and passes the value to the outer query.

52.Which of the following statements cannot be parent statements for a sub-query?
A. SELECT
B. GROUP BY
C. UPDATE
D. DELETE
Answer: B. The rest of the options can be in the main query parentquery of a sub-query.
53.What is true about a co-related sub-query?
A. It is evaluated only once for the parent query
B. It is evaluated only thrice for the parent query
C. It is evaluated once for each row processed by the parent sub-query
D. All of the above
Answer: C. Correlated subquery references a column in the outer query and executes the
subquery once for every row in the outer query;and the EXISTS operator is used to test whether
the relationship or link is present.
54.Examine the given table structure. You need to write a query which returns the
names of the employees whose salaries exceed their respective department's average
salary. Which of the following will work? Choosethemostappropriateanswer
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)

A. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees e
WHERE salary > (SELECT avg (salary)
FROM employees
WHERE e.department_id = department_id )
ORDER BY department_id ;

B. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees e
WHERE salary > ANY (SELECT avg(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE e.department_id = department_id )
ORDER BY department_id ;

C. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees e
WHERE salary = (SELECT avg(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE e.department_id = department_id )
ORDER BY department_id ;

D. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name

FROM employees e
WHERE salary < ANY (SELECT avg(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE e.department_id = department_id )
ORDER BY department_id ;

Answer: A. Here the department ID is obtained, used to evaluate the parent query and if the
salary in that row is greater than the average salary of the departments of that row, that result is
returned.
55.Examine the given table structure. Which of the following queries will display
duplicate records in a table EMPLOYEES?
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)

A. SELECT *
FROM employees E
WHERE exists (SELECT 1 FROM employees E1
WHERE E.employee_id = E1.employee_id);

B. SELECT *
FROM employees E
WHERE exists (SELECT 1 FROM employees E1
WHERE E.employee_id = E1.employee_id
AND E.ROWID < E1.ROWID);

C. SELECT *
FROM employees E
WHERE exists (SELECT 1 FROM employees E1
WHERE E.ROWID < E1.ROWID);

D. SELECT *
FROM employees E
WHERE = ANY (SELECT 1 FROM employees E1
WHERE E.employee_id = E1.employee_id
And E.ROWID < E1.ROWID);

Answer: A. Correlated subquery references a column in the outer query and executes the
subquery once for every row in the outer query;and the EXISTS operator is used to test whether
the relationship or link is present. It can be used to find the duplicate rows in a table where
duplicity is subjected to a column or set of columns.
Examine the structures for the tables DEPARTMENTS and EMPLOYEES and answer the
questions 56 and 57 that follow.
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)

EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SQL> DESC departments
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------DEPARTMENT_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
DEPARTMENT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
LOCATION_ID
NUMBER(4)

56.Which of the following queries will display the system date and count of records in
the DEPARTMENTS and EMPLOYEES table?
A. SELECT sysdate,
(SELECT * FROM departments) dept_count,
(SELECT * FROM employees) emp_count
FROM DUAL;

B. SELECT sysdate,
(SELECT count(*) FROM departments) dept_count,
(SELECT count(*) FROM employees) emp_count
FROM DUAL
GROUP BY department_id ;

C. SELECT sysdate,
(SELECT * FROM departments) dept_count,
(SELECT * FROM employees) emp_count
FROM DUAL
GROUP BY employee_id;

D. SELECT sysdate,
(SELECT count(*) FROM departments) dept_count,
(SELECT count(*) FROM employees) emp_count
FROM DUAL;

Answer: D. A single-row subquery can also be nested in the outer query's SELECT clause. In this
case, the value the subquery returns is available for every row of output the outer query
generates. Typically, this technique is used to perform calculations with a value produced from a
subquery.
57.Which of the following queries will tell whether a given employee is a manager in a
Company 'XYZ'?
A. SELECT employee_id, manager_id
FROM employees A
WHERE employee_id ANY (SELECT manager_id from employees B)
ORDER BY manager_id desc;

B. SELECT employee_id, manager_id

FROM employees A
WHERE employee_id < ALL (SELECT manager_id from employees B)

C. SELECT employee_id, manager_id

FROM employees A
WHERE employee_id IN (SELECT manager_id from employees B)
ORDER BY manager_id desc;

D. SELECT employee_id, manager_id

FROM employees A
WHERE employee_id in (SELECT manager_id from employees B)
GROUP BY department_id ;

Answer: C.
Examine the exhibit and answer the question 58 that follows:

58.Which of the following queries will give you maximum salary of an employee in a
particular city?
A. SELECT max (salary), city
FROM
(SELECT salary, department_id , loc, city
FROM employees natural join departments natural join locations);

B. SELECT salary, city

FROM
(SELECT salary, department_id , loc, city
FROM employees natural join departments natural join locations);

C. SELECT max (salary), city

FROM
(SELECT salary, department_id , loc, city
FROM employees natural join departments natural join locations)
GROUP BY city;

D. SELECT max (avg(salary)), city

FROM
(SELECT salary, department_id , loc, city
FROM employees natural join departments natural join locations);

Answer: C. When a multiple-column subquery is used in the outer query's FROM clause, it creates
a temporary table that can be referenced by other clauses of the outer query. This temporary
table is more formally called an inline view. The subquery's results are treated like any other table
in the FROM clause. If the temporary table contains grouped data, the grouped subsets are treated
as separate rows of data in a table.

Examine the table structures as given below.

SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SQL> DESC departments
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------DEPARTMENT_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
DEPARTMENT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
LOCATION_ID
NUMBER(4)

Consider the following query and answer the questions that 59 to 62 that follow.
SELECT department_name
FROM departments d INNER JOIN employees e
ON (d.employee_id = e.employee_id)
GROUP BY department_name;

59.Which of the following queries can replace the above query by using sub-queries
giving the same result?
A. SELECT department_name
FROM departments
WHERE department_id

= ANY (SELECT department_id

FROM employees);

B. SELECT department_name
FROM departments
WHERE department_id

IN (SELECT distinct(department_id ) FROM employees);

C. SELECT department_name
FROM departments
WHERE department_id

= (SELECT distinct(department_id ) FROM employees);

D. SELECT department_name
FROM departments
WHERE department_id

ANY (SELECT distinct(department_id ) FROM employees);

Answer: A, B.
60.Assume that the sub-query as shown in the query given above is modified to the
following.
(SELECT distinct (department_id ) FROM employees ORDER BY department_id );

What will be the outcome as a result of this change? Choosethemostappropriateanswer

A. It will order the department_id fetched from the sub-query and display them in ascending
order

B. It will throw an ORA error as the ORDER BY clause should be accompanied by the GROUP BY
clause
C. It will throw an ORA error because an ORDER BY clause cannot be used inside a sub-query
D. It will execute successfully.
Answer: C. A subquery, except one in the FROM clause, can't have an ORDER BY clause.If you
need to display output in a specific order, include an ORDER BY clause as the outer query's last
clause.
61.Assume that the query given above is modified as the below one.
SELECT department_name
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = ANY (SELECT department_id
ORDER BY department_id desc;

FROM employees)

What will be the outcome as a result of this change? Choosethemostappropriateanswer

A. It will order the department_id fetched from the sub-query and display them in ascending
order
B. It will order the department_id fetched from the sub-query and display them in descending
order
C. It will throw an ORA error because an ORDER BY clause cannot be used inside a sub-query
D. None of the above
Answer: D. A subquery, except one in the FROM clause, can't have an ORDER BY clause.If you
need to display output in a specific order, include an ORDER BY clause as the outer query's last
clause.
62.Which of the following can be used to order results in a sub-query?
A. ORDER BY
B. HAVING
C. GROUP BY
D. All of the above
Answer: C. By default, the GROUP BY clause performs ordering in a sub-query.
Examine the exhibit below and answer the questions 63 to 65 that follow:

Consider the following query:

SELECT au_id, au_title
FROM audit
WHERE au_details in (SELECT au_details
FROM audit
WHERE au_title like 'S%')
ORDER BY au_title;

63.What will be the outcome of the query given above?

A. It gives all AU_ID and AU_TITLEs starting with the letter 'S%'

B. It gives all AU_ID and AU_TITLEs starting with the letter 'S%' ordered by the titles in ascending
order
C. It throws an ORA error
D. It returns a 0 value
Answer: C. A column with a CLOB, BLOB, NCLOB or an ARRAY cannot be used in a sub-query.
64. What will be the outcome of the following query?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary BETWEEN (SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 100)
AND (SELECT min(salary) FROM employees where department_id

= 100);

This query returns an error. What is the reason for the error?
A. A GROUP BY clause should be used as the function MAX is used
B. Both the sub-queries cannot use the same department ID in the same outer query
C. BETWEEN operator cannot be used with a sub-query
D. SELECT clause should have columns mentioned and not a asterix
Answer: C. The BETWEEN operator can be used within a sub-query but not with a sub-query.
65.What is true about using NOT IN when writing queries with sub-queries in them?
A. NOT IN ignores all the NULL values and gives only the NOT NULL values
B. NOT IN puts all the NULL values at the last and gives the NOT NULL to be displayed first
C. NOT IN should be not be used if a NULL value is expected in the result set
D. NOT IN is just a negation of the operator IN and can be changed without any caveat.
Answer: C. SQL handles NULL values in a different way and hence it is a good practice to avoid
NOT IN if the result set might contain a NULL.
Consider the following table structures and answer the questions 66 to 72 that follow:

66. You need to find out the names and IDs of the departments in which the least salary
is greater than the highest salary in the department 10. Which of the following queries
will give the required result.

A. SELECT department_id , min(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING min(salary) >
(
select max(salary)
FROM employees
where department_id = 10
)

B. SELECT department_id , min(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING min(salary) > ANY
(
select max(salary)
FROM employees
)

C. SELECT department_id , min(salary)

FROM employees
HAVING max(salary) < ANY
(
select min(salary)
FROM employees
where department_id = 10
)

D. SELECT department_id , min(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING min(salary) > ALL
(
select max(salary)
FROM employees
where department_id = 10
)

Answer: A.
67.Write a query to find the employees whose salary is equal to the salary of at least
one employee in department of id 10. Choosethebestanswer
A. SELECT employee_id, Salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary in
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

B. SELECT employee_id, Salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary =ANY
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

C. SELECT employee_id, Salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary ALL

(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

D. SELECT employee_id, Salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

Answer: A, B.
68.You need to find out all the employees who have salary greater than at least one
employee in the department 10. Which of the following queries will give you the
required output?
A. SELECT employee_id, Salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >= ANY
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

B. SELECT employee_id, Salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary > ANY
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

C. SELECT employee_id, Salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

D. SELECT employee_id, Salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary = ALL
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

Answer: B.
69.You need to find out all the employees who have salary lesser than the salary of all
the employees in the department 10. Which of the following queries will give you the
required output?
A. SELECT employee_id, Salary
FROM employees

WHERE salary > ALL

(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

B. SELECT employee_id, Salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary =ALL
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

C. SELECT employee_id, Salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary < ALL
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

D. SELECT employee_id, Salary

FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
where department_id
)

= 10

Answer: C. Multiple-row subqueries return more than one row of results. Operators that can be
used with multiple-row subqueries include IN, ALL, ANY, and EXISTS.Multiple-column subqueries
return more than one column to the outer query. The columns of data are passed to the outer
query in the same order in which they're listed in the subquery's SELECT clause.
70.You need to find out all the employees who have their manager and department
matching with the employee having an Employee ID of 121 or 200. Which of the
following queries will give you the required output?
A. SELECT employee_id, manager_id,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE (manager_id,department_id ) = ANY
(
select manager_id,
department_id
FROM employees
where employee_id in (121,200)
)

B. SELECT employee_id, manager_id,department_id

FROM employees
WHERE (manager_id,department_id ) < ANY
(
select manager_id,
department_id
FROM employees
where employee_id in (121,200)
)

C. SELECT employee_id, manager_id,department_id

FROM employees

WHERE (manager_id,department_id ) > ANY

(
select manager_id,
department_id
FROM employees
where employee_id in (121,200)
)

D. SELECT employee_id, manager_id,department_id

FROM employees
WHERE (manager_id,department_id ) in
(
select manager_id,
department_id
FROM employees
where employee_id in (121,200)
)

Answer: A, D. Multiple-row subqueries return more than one row of results. Operators that can be
used with multiple-row subqueries include IN, ALL, ANY, and EXISTS. Multiple-column subqueries
return more than one column to the outer query. The columns of data are passed to the outer
query in the same order in which they're listed in the subquery's SELECT clause.
71.You need to find the department name of an employee with employee ID 200. Which
of the following queries will be correct? Choosethemostappropriateanswer
A. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name,department_id ,
(SELECT department_name
FROM departments d, employees E
WHERE d.department_id = e.department_id
And employee_id = 200
)
FROM employees e

B. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name,department_id ,

(SELECT department_ID
FROM departments d
WHERE d.department_id = department_id
)
FROM employees e
WHERE employee_id = 200;

C. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name,department_id ,

(SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE d.department_id = e.department_id
And employee_id = 200
)
FROM employees e

D. SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name,department_id ,

(SELECT department_name
FROM departments d,employee E
WHERE d.department_id = e.department_id
)
FROM employees e

Answer: C.
72.You need to find the highest earning employee with the job ID as 'SA_REP'. Which of
the following queries will be correct? Choosethemostappropriateanswer
A. SELECT job_id, employee_id, Salary
FROM employees e
WHERE job_id =

(
SELECT distinct salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id = E1.job_id
AND E.salary <= E1.salary
AND job_id = 'SA_REP'

B. SELECT department_id , employee_id, Salary

FROM employees E
WHERE 1 =
(
SELECT count(distinct salary)
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id = E1.job_id
AND E.salary <= E1.salary
AND job_id = 'SA_REP'
)

C. SELECT department_id , employee_id, Salary

FROM employees E
WHERE 0 =
(
SELECT count(distinct salary)
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id = E1.job_id
AND E.salary = E1.salary
AND job_id = 'SA_REP'
)

D. SELECT department_id , employee_id, Salary

FROM employees E
WHERE 1 =
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id < E1.job_id
AND E.salary <= E1.salary
AND job_id = 'SA_REP'
)

Answer: B.
Consider the EMPLOYEES table structure as shown in the exhibit and answer the
questions 73 to 77 that follow:

73.You need to find the job which has at least one employee in it. Which of the
following queries will be correct? Choosethemostappropriateanswer
A. SELECT employee_id, Job_id
FROM employees E
WHERE exists

(
SELECT 1
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id = E1.job_id )

B. SELECT employee_id, Job_id

FROM employees E
WHERE exists
(
SELECT *
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id = E1.job_id )

C. SELECT employee_id, Job_id

FROM employees E
WHERE not exists
(
SELECT *
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id = E1.job_id )

D. SELECT employee_id, Job_id

FROM employees E
WHERE exists
(
SELECT 1
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id < E1.job_id )

Answer: A. The EXISTS operator is used to check and match records between queries. It returns a
BOOLEAN value. Correlated subquery references a column in the outer query and executes the
subquery once for every row in the outer query;and the EXISTS operator is used to test whether
the relationship or link is present. An Uncorrelated subquery executes the subquery first and
passes the value to the outer query.
74.You need to find the job which has no employees in it. Which of the following
queries will be correct? Choosethemostappropriateanswer
A. SELECT employee_id, Job_id
FROM employees E
WHERE exists
(
SELECT *
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id = E1.job_id )

B. SELECT employee_id, Job_id

FROM employees E
WHERE not exists
(
SELECT 1
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id = E1.job_id )

C. SELECT employee_id, Job_id

FROM employees E
WHERE not exists
(
SELECT *
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id = E1.job_id )

D. SELECT employee_id, Job_id

FROM employees E
WHERE exists

(
SELECT 1
FROM employees E1
WHERE E.job_id < E1.job_id )

Answer: B. The NOT EXISTS is the negation operator for EXISTS.

75.You need to find the 3rd maximum salary from the EMPLOYEES table. Which of the
following queries will give you the required results? Choosethemostappropriateanswer
A. SELECT *
FROM employees E
WHERE salary = (SELECT count(distinct salary )
FROM employees
WHERE e.salary = salary
);

B. SELECT *
FROM employees E
WHERE 1 = (SELECT count(distinct salary )
FROM employees
WHERE e.salary < salary
);

C. SELECT *
FROM employees E
WHERE 2 = (SELECT count(distinct salary )
FROM employees
WHERE e.salary >salary
);

D. SELECT *
FROM employees E
WHERE 3 = (SELECT count(distinct salary )
FROM employees
WHERE e.salary <= salary
);

Answer: D.
76. You need to find the maximum salary by using the user input for getting the value
of N. Which of the following queries will give you the required results?
Choosethemostappropriateanswer
A. SELECT salary FROM
(
SELECT rowid as user_sal
FROM (SELECT distinct salary

from employees ORDER BY salary

desc)

)
WHERE user_sal=&N ;

B. SELECT salary FROM

(
SELECT rownum as user_sal
FROM (SELECT distinct salary

FROM employees

GROUP BY salary )

)
WHERE user_sal <= &N ;

C. SELECT salary FROM

(
SELECT rownum as user_sal, salary
ORDER BY salary desc)
)
WHERE user_sal=&N ;

FROM (SELECT distinct salary

FROM employees

D. SELECT salary FROM

(
SELECT max(rownum) as user_sal, salary
employees
ORDER BY salary desc)
)
WHERE user_sal=&N ;

FROM (SELECT distinct salary

FROM

Answer: C. ROWNUM is a pseudo column used for finding the nth order results.
77.What will happen if a value is provided to the &N variable in the above query
optionCinquestion76 does not match with any row? Choosethebestanswer
A. The statement would throw an ORA error
B. The statement would return all the rows in the table
C. The statement would return NULL as the output result.
D. The statement would return no rows in the result.
Answer: D.
78.What is the maximum level up to which Sub-queries can be nested?
A. 255
B. 100
C. 2
D. 16
Answer: A.
79.What is true about the EXISTS operator in SQL queries with respect to sub-queries?
A. The columns selected in the sub-queries are important
B. The inner query's should return rows, any result is what is important, not what is SELECTED
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
Answer: B.
80.What is true about the ANY operator used for sub-queries?
A. Returns rows that match all the values in a list/sub-query
B. Returns rows that match the first 5 values in a list/sub-query
C. Returns rows that match any value in a list/sub-query
D. Returns the value 0 when all the rows match in a list/sub-query
Answer: C.
81.What is true about the ALL operator used for sub-queries? Choosethemostappropriateanswer.
A. Returns rows that match all the values in a list/sub-query
B. Returns rows that match only some values in a list/sub-query
C. Returns rows only if all the values match in a list/sub-query
D. All of the above
Answer: C. '> ALL' More than the highest value returned by the subquery. '< ALL' Less than the
lowest value returned by the subquery. '< ANY' Less than the highest value returned by the
subquery. '> ANY' More than the lowest value returned by the subquery. '= ANY' Equal to any
value returned by the subquery sameasIN. '[NOT] EXISTS' Row must match a value in the subquery.

82.What is true about using sub-queries in INSERT statements in Oracle?

A. They can be used in the INSERT clause without any restriction
B. They can be used in the INSERT clause only for Numeric values
C. The SELECT list of a sub-query should be the same as the column list of the INSERT
statement.
D. None of the above
Answer: C.
Examine the table structures as given below and answer the questions 83 to 86 that
follow.
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SQL> DESC departments
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------DEPARTMENT_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
DEPARTMENT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
LOCATION_ID
NUMBER(4)

83.You need to find the details of all employees who were hired for the job ID 'SA_REP'
in the month of June, 2013. Which of the following queries will give the required
results? Considerthetablestructureasgiven
A. SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id =
( SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE to_char(hiredate, 'MM/YYYY')= '02/1981'
AND job_id = 'SA_REP'
);

B. SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = ANY
( SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE to_char(hiredate, 'MM/YYYY')= '02/1981'
AND job_id = 'SA_REP'
);

C. SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id ANY
( SELECT employee_id
FROM employees

WHERE to_char(hiredate, 'MM/YYYY')= '02/1981'

AND job_id = 'SA_REP'
);

D. SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id exists
( SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE to_char(hiredate, 'MM/YYYY')= '02/1981'
AND job_id = 'SA_REP'
);

Answer: B.
84.Which of the following statements are equivalent?
A. SELECT employee_id , salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ALL (SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE department_id=100);

B. SELECT employee_id , salary

FROM employees WHERE salary < (SELECT min(salary) FROM employees WHERE
department_id=100);

C. SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE salary not >= ANY (SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE department_id=100);

D. None of the above

Answer: A, B.
85.Consider the following two queries:
Query 1:
SELECT first_name
FROM employees e join departments d
ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE department_name='ACCOUNTS';

Query 2:
SELECT first_name
FROM employees e
WHERE department_id = ANY (SELECT department_id
WHERE department_name='ACCOUNTS');

FROM departments d

What can be said about the two statements?

A. Both the queries should generate the same result.
B. Both the queries will throw an error.
C. If there are two departments with the same name, both the queries will fail.
D. Both the queries will run successfully even if there is more than one department named
'ACCOUNTS'.
Answer: A, D.
86.You need to display all the employees who have the highest salary in a department
100. You fire a query as below.
SELECT E.first_name, E.last_name , E.salary
FROM employees E

WHERE E.salary > ALL (SELECT E1.salary

FROM employees E1
WHERE E.department_id =E1.department_id
AND E.department_id = 100);

What will be the outcome of the above query?

A. It executes successfully and gives the required results
B. It executes successfully but doesn't give the required output
C. It throws an ORA error on execution
D. It executes successfully and gives the required result when >ALL is replaced with >=ALL
Answer: B, D. >ALL will not give the required result as there may be two employees with the
same salary and who are the highest earners in the department 100
Consider table structures as shown in the exhibit and answer the questions 87 to 89
that follow:

87.You need to fetch the first names inareversealphabeticalorder of all the employees in the
department ID = 100 and who have the maximum salary in the JOB ID = 'SA_REP'. Which
of the following queries will give the required output? Choosethemostappropriateoutput
A. SELECT E.first_name, job_id , salary
FROM employees E
WHERE salary =
(SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id
GROUP BY job_id )
AND job_id = 'SA_REP'
ORDER BY first_name;

= 100

B. SELECT E.first_name, job_id , salary

FROM employees E
WHERE salary in
(SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees E1
where E1.department_id
ORDER BY first_name;

= 100)

C. SELECT E.first_name, job_id , salary

FROM employees E

WHERE salary IN
(SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees E1
where job_id = 'SA_REP'
GROUP BY job_id )
AND WHERE E.department_id = 100
ORDER BY first_name desc;

D. SELECT E.first_name, job_id , salary

FROM employees E
WHERE salary IN
(SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id
GROUP BY job_id )
ORDER BY first_name ;

= 100

Answer: C.
88.In the queries given above optionCisthecorrectanswer, you need to display all the employees
with the JOB ID 'SA_REP' who have the maximum salary in the department 100. Which
of the following queries will give the required output?
A. SELECT E.first_name, job_id , salary
FROM employees E
WHERE salary IN
(SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id
GROUP BY job_id )
AND job_id = 'SA_REP'
ORDER BY first_name;

= 100

B. SELECT E.first_name, job_id , salary

FROM employees E
WHERE salary in
(SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id
ORDER BY first_name;

= 100)

C. SELECT E.first_name, job_id , salary

FROM employees E
WHERE salary in
(SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees E1
WHERE job_id = 'SA_REP'
GROUP BY job_id )
And WHERE E.department_id = 100
ORDER BY first_name desc;

D. SELECT E.first_name, job_id , salary

FROM employees E
WHERE salary in
(SELECT max(salary)
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id
GROUP BY job_id )
ORDER BY first_name ;

= 100

Answer: A.
89.Select the query which will give you the maximum salary and maximum comm
percentage. The query should also give the maximum comm percentage paid if the
highest salaried employee gets the maximum comm percentage.

A. SELECT employee_id, max(salary), max(commission_pct )

FROM employees E
GROUP BY salary, commission_pct ;

B. SELECT employee_id, max(salary), max(commission_pct )

FROM employees E
GROUP BY salary;

C. SELECT employee_id, max(salary)

FROM employees E
GROUP BY salary, commission_pct
HAVING max(commission_pct ) = 100;

D. SELECT employee_id,
(SELECT max(salary) FROM employees) * (SELECT max(commission_pct ) FROM employees)
FROM DUAL;

Answer: D. A single-row subquery can also be nested in the outer query's SELECT clause. In this
case, the value the subquery returns is available for every row of output the outer query
generates. Typically, this technique is used to perform calculations with a value produced from a
subquery.
90.What is true about the sub-queries used in the SELECT clause of an SQL statement?
A. These sub-queries are the same in all aspects as those used in the FROM or WHERE clauses
B. These sub-queries have to mandatorily be single row sub-queries
C. We can use multi row operators when writing such sub-queries
D. None of the above
Answer: B.
91.What will be the outcome of the following query? Considerthetablestructureasgiven
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SELECT sysdate,
(SELECT max(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id )
FROM DUAL;

A. It gives the system date and the maximum salary for each department
B. It gives the maximum salary for all the departments
C. It throws an ORA error
D. It executes successfully with 0 rows
Answer: C. A Multi row sub-query cannot be used in the SELECT clause of an SQL statement. Only
a single-row subquery can be nested in the outer query's SELECT clause.
Examine the given table structure. Consider the following query and answer the

questions 92 to 95 that follow:

SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > ALL (10, 20, 30);

92.Which of the following queries are equivalent to the above query?

A. SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >10 or salary > 20 and salary >30;

B. SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary <10 and salary < 20 and salary <30;

C. SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >10 and salary > 20 and salary >30;

D. SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >10 and salary > 20 or salary < 30;

Answer: C. The question shows the ALL clause in a simplified manner when it is followed by a list.
93. If in the above query the list 10, 20, 30 is replaced by a sub-query, which of the
following queries will give the required output for the department number 100?
A. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE E.salary > (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

B. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE E.salary >ALL (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

C. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE E.salary = (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

D. SELECT E.salary

FROM employees E
WHERE E.salary >= (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

Answer: B. The question shows the ALL clause in a simplified manner when it is followed by a subquery
94.With respect to the question 14 above, what among the following will be an
equivalent query if ALL has to be replaced with ANY?
A. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE NOT EXISTS (E.salary =ANY (SELECT
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

E1.salary

B. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE E.salary >ANY (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

C. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE E.salary =ANY (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

D. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE NOT ( E.salary <= ANY (SELECT
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100));

E1.salary

Answer: D. The NOT operator used while using '<= ANY' is used for negation of the results
returned by the sub-query
95.With respect to the question 94, if the operator ANY is not to be used, which of the
following queries will be correct?
A. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE NOT EXISTS (E.salary = ANY (SELECT
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

E1.salary

B. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100
And E.salary <= E1.salary);

C. Either A or B
D. None of the above
Answer: B. Correlated subquery references a column in the outer query and executes the
subquery once for every row in the outer query;and the EXISTS operator is used to test whether
the relationship or link is present. An Uncorrelated subquery executes the subquery first and
passes the value to the outer query.
Examine the given table structures. Consider the following query and answer the
questions 96 to 98 that follow:

SQL> DESC employees

Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > ANY (10, 20, 30);

96. Which of the following queries are equivalent to the above query?
A. SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >10 or salary > 20 and or >30;

B. SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary <10 and salary < 20 and salary <30;

C. SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >10 and salary > 20 or salary >30;

D. SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >10 and salary > 20 or salary < 30;

Answer: A. The question shows the ANY clause in a simplified manner when it is followed by a list.
97. In the above query, if the list 10, 20, 30 is replaced by a sub-query, which of the
following queries will give the required output for the department number 100?
A. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE E.salary > (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

B. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE E.salary >ANY (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

C. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE E.salary = (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

D. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E

WHERE E.salary >= (SELECT E1.salary

FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

Answer: B. The question shows the ANY clause in a simplified manner when it is followed by a
sub-query
98.With respect to the question 97 above, what among the following will be an
equivalent query if ANY is removed?
A. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE NOT EXISTS (E.salary =ANY (SELECT
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

E1.salary

B. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100
And E.salary >E1.salary);

C. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100
);

D. SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE IN (SELECT E1.salary
FROM employees E1
WHERE E1.department_id = 100);

Answer: B. The EXISTS operator can substitute the ANY operator. Correlated subquery references
a column in the outer query and executes the subquery once for every row in the outer query;and
the EXISTS operator is used to test whether the relationship or link is present.
99.Examine the given table structure. How many rows will get generated if the subquery mentioned returns 0 rows?
SQL> DESC employees
Name
Null?
Type
----------------------- -------- ---------------EMPLOYEE_ID
NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER
VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE
NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID
NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY
NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT
NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID
NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID
NUMBER(4)
SELECT E.salary
FROM employees E
WHERE E.salary > ANY ( select E1.salary FROM employees E1 where E1.department_id
100);

A. 1 row

B. No rows
C. Either A or B
D. None of the above
Answer: B. If the sub-query returns zero rows, the '> ANY' condition evaluates to FALSE, hence
"No rows" are returned.
100. A subquery must be placed in the outer query's HAVING clause if:
A. The inner query needs to reference the value returned to the outer query.
B. The value returned by the inner query is to be compared to grouped data in the outer query.
C. The subquery returns more than one value to the outer query.
D. None of the above. Subqueries can't be used in the outer query's HAVING clause.
Answer: B. A HAVING clause is used when the group results of a query need to be restricted
based on some condition. If a subquery's result must be compared with a group function, you must
nest the inner query in the outer query's HAVING clause.
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