41. B. The tank in the figure is admitting water at 600 N/s and ejecting gasoline (sp.gr. = 0.

69) at
92 N/s. If all three fluids are incompressible and assume unit weight of water to be 9810 N/m
and air at 15C has a value of R/g = 29.3 m/K.
How much water is floating in?
How much gasoline is flowing out?
How much air is passing through the vent.
Solution:
Rate water is flowing in:

W
Q1 = w

600
N /s
9810 = N /m

Q1 = 0.061162 m/s
Gasoline that flows out:

Q2 =

W
w

92
0.69(9810)

Q2 = 0.013592 m/s
Rate that air is passing through the vent:
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
0.061162 = 0.013592+ Q3
Q3 = 0.04757 m/s (out)

air =

R
T
g

(1)(101.3)
29.3 (15+273)

air = 0.012004 kN/m

41. B. The tank in the figure is admitting water at 200 N/s and ejecting gasoline (sp.gr. = 0.79) at
62 N/s. If all three fluids are incompressible and assume unit weight of water to be 9790 N/m
and air at 20C has a value of R/g = 32.3 m/K.
How much water is floating in?
How much gasoline is flowing out?
How much air is passing through the vent.
Solution:
Rate water is flowing in:

W
Q1 = w

200
N /s
9790 = N /m

Q1 = 0.020429 m/s
Gasoline that flows out:

Q2 =

W
w

62
0.79(9790)

Q2 = 0.0081645 m/s
Rate that air is passing through the vent:
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
0.020429 = 0.0081645 + Q3
Q3 = 0.0122645 m/s (out)

air =

R
T
g

(1)(101.3)
32.3 (20+273)

air = 0.010704 kN/m

41. B. The tank in the figure is admitting water at 1000 N/s and ejecting gasoline (sp.gr. = 0.69)
at 600 N/s. If all three fluids are incompressible and assume unit weight of water to be 9829
N/m and air at 33C has a value of R/g = 29.3 m/K.
How much water is floating in?
How much gasoline is flowing out?
How much air is passing through the vent.
Solution:
Rate water is flowing in:

W
Q1 = w

1000
N /s
=
9829
N /m

Q1 = 0.101739 m/s
Gasoline that flows out:

Q2 =

W
w

600
0.69(9829)

Q2 = 0.088469 m/s
Rate that air is passing through the vent:
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
0.101739 = 0.088469 + Q3
Q3 = 0.01327 m/s (out)

air =

R
T
g

(1)(101.3)
29.3 (33+273)

 air = 0.011298 kN/m

41. C. In the figure shown, pipes 1 and 2 are of diameter 5 cm,. D3 = 8 cm. Alcohol (sp.gr. =
0.80) enters section 1 at 6 m/s while water enters section 2 at 50 m/s. Assuming ideal mixing of
incompressible fluids and temperature is 50C and unit weight of water is 998 kg/m.
Compute the rate of the outflow at section 3 in liters/sec.
Compute the exit velocity at section 3.
Compute the density of mixture at 3.
Solution:
Rate of outflow at 3:
Q1 + Q2 = Q3
A1 V1 + A2 V2 = Q3

(0.05)2 (6) +

(0.05)2 (50) = Q3

Q3 = 0.109956 m3/s
Q3 = 10.9956 liters/sec.
Exit Velocity at 3:
Q3 = A3 V3

0.109956 =

2
4 (0.08) V3

V3 = 21.875 m/s.
Density of mixture at section 3:

M1 + M2 = M3

alcohol

H20

A2 V2 =

mixture

A3 V3

( ) (0.05)2 (6) + 998 (

2
4
4 ) (0.05) (50)

0.80 (998)

= A1 V1 +

mixture

mixture

( 4 ) (0.08)2 (21.875)

= 976.61 kg/m3

41. C. In the figure shown, pipes 1 and 2 are of diameter 7 cm,. D3 = 6 cm. Alcohol (sp.gr. =
0.78) enters section 1 at 9 m/s while water enters section 2 at 15 m/s. Assuming ideal mixing of
incompressible fluids and temperature is 20C and unit weight of water is 998 kg/m.
Compute the rate of the outflow at section 3 in liters/sec.
Compute the exit velocity at section 3.
Compute the density of mixture at 3.
Solution:
Rate of outflow at 3:
Q1 + Q2 = Q3
A1 V1 + A2 V2 = Q3

(0.07)2 (9) +

Q3 = 0.09236 m3/s
Q3 = 9.236 liters/sec.
Exit Velocity at 3:
Q3 = A3 V3

(0.07)2 (15) = Q3


2
4 (0.06) V3

0.09236=

V3 = 32.6666 m/s.
Density of mixture at section 3:
M1 + M2 = M3

alcohol

= A1 V1 +

H20

A2 V2 =

mixture

A3 V3

(
)
2
0.78 (998)
(0.07) (9) + 998 ( 4 ) (0.07)2(15)
4

2
mixture (
4 ) (0.06) (32.6666)

mixture

= 915.6836 kg/m3

41. C. In the figure shown, pipes 1 and 2 are of diameter 5 cm,. D3 = 6 cm. Alcohol (sp.gr. =
0.82) enters section 1 at 8 m/s while water enters section 2 at 12 m/s. Assuming ideal mixing of
incompressible fluids and temperature is 22C and unit weight of water is 1000 kg/m.
Compute the rate of the outflow at section 3 in liters/sec.
Compute the exit velocity at section 3.
Compute the density of mixture at 3.
Solution:
Rate of outflow at 3:
Q1 + Q2 = Q3
A1 V1 + A2 V2 = Q3

(0.05) (8) +

(0.05)2 (12) = Q3

Q3 = 0.03927 m3/s
Q3 = 39.2699 liters/sec.
Exit Velocity at 3:
Q3 = A3 V3

2
4 (0.06) V3

0.03927=

V3 = 13.8889 m/s.
Density of mixture at section 3:
M1 + M2 = M3

alcohol

= A1 V1 +

0.82 (1000)

H20

A2 V2 =

mixture

A3 V3

( ) (0.05)2 (8) + 1000 (

2
4
4 ) (0.05) (12)

2
mixture (
4 ) (0.06) (13.889)

mixture

= 923.9926 kg/m3

42. Find the approximate height of water upstream of the dam or the headwater in meters,
such that an air bubble, upon reaching the water surface has volume 3 times than it had at the
bottom?
Compute the absolute pressure at the bottom of the dam.
Compute the gage pressure at the bottom of the dam.
Solution:
By Boyless Law:
Patm = 101.25 kPa

P1 V1 = P2 V2
P1 = 101.25 + 9.78 H

(abs)

P1 = 101.25

(abs)

Then:
(101.25 + 9.78H) V = 101.25 (3V)
9.78H = 101.25 (3) 101.25
H = 20.71m.
Absolute pressure:
P = 101.25 + 9.78 (20.7)
P = 303.696 kPa
Gage reading at the bottom of the dam:
P = 303.696 101.25
P = 202.446 kPa
42. Find the approximate height of water upstream of the dam or the headwater in meters,
such that an air bubble, upon reaching the water surface has volume 5 times than it had at the
bottom?
Compute the absolute pressure at the bottom of the dam.
Compute the gage pressure at the bottom of the dam.
Solution:
By Boyless Law:
Patm = 101.25 kPa
P1 V1 = P2 V2
P1 = 101.25 + 9.78 H

(abs)

P1 = 101.25

(abs)

Then:
(101.25 + 9.78H) V = 101.25 (5V)
9.78H = 101.25 (5) 101.25
H = 41.411m.
Absolute pressure:
P = 101.25 + 9.78 (41.411)
P = 503.3058 kPa
Gage reading at the bottom of the dam:
P = 503.3058 101.25
P = 402.0558 kPa
42. Find the approximate height of water upstream of the dam or the headwater in meters,
such that an air bubble, upon reaching the water surface has volume 8 times than it had at the
bottom?
Compute the absolute pressure at the bottom of the dam.
Compute the gage pressure at the bottom of the dam.
Solution:
By Boyless Law:
Patm = 101.3 kPa
P1 V1 = P2 V2
P1 = 101.3 + 9.81 H

(abs)

P1 = 101.3

(abs)

Then:

(101.3 + 9.81H) V = 101.3 (8V)

9.81H = 101.3 (8) 101.3
H = 72.28m.
Absolute pressure:
P = 101.3 + 9.81 (72.28)
P = 810.3668 kPa
Gage reading at the bottom of the dam:
P = 303.88 101.3
P = 709.0668 kPa

43. Cylinder glass tubing 2.8cm inside diameter and 90cm long with one end closed is
immersed vertically with the open end down into a tank of cleaning solvent ( sp.gr. = 0.73) until
only 5cm. of its length remain above the liquid surface. If the barometric pressure is 1 kg/cm2
and neglecting vapor pressure,
How high will the fluid rise in the tube?
Compare the height of the air inside the glass.
What force required to maintain equilibrium.
Solution:
Height of fluid rise in the tube:
P1 = 1kg/cm2
P2 = P1 + wh

P2 = 1 +

1000 ( 0.73 ) (h) Kg

100
m

m
100 cm )

P2 = 1 +0.00073h kg/cm2

V1 =

(2.8)2 (90)

V1 = 554.18 cm3

V2 =

(2.8)2 (h + 5)

V2 = 6.158 (h + 5)
Using Boyles Law:
P1 V1=P2 V2
1 (554.18) = (1 + 0.00073h) (6.158) (h + 5)

554.18
6.158

= (1 + 0.00073h) (h + 5)

89.99 = h + 0.00073h2 + 5 + 0.00365h

89.99 = 0.00073h2 + 1.00365h + 5
h2 + 1374.86h 116424.657 = 0
h = 80cm.
x = 90 5 80
x = 5cm.
Height of air inside the glass:
h + 5 = 85cm.
Force required to maintain equilibrium:

=hA

F = 9810

( 0.028)
4

0.80

F = 4.83N

43. Cylinder glass tubing 3cm inside diameter and 100cm long with one end closed is immersed
vertically with the open end down into a tank of cleaning solvent ( sp.gr. = 0.80) until only 6cm.
of its length remain above the liquid surface. If the barometric pressure is 1 kg/cm2 and
neglecting vapor pressure,
How high will the fluid rise in the tube?
Compare the height of the air inside the glass.
What force required to maintain equilibrium.
Solution:
Height of fluid rise in the tube:
P1 = 1kg/cm2

P2 = P1 + wh

P2 = 1 +

1000 ( 0.80 ) (h) Kg

100
m

m
100 cm )

P2 = 1 +0.00080h kg/cm2

V1 =

(3)2 (100)

V1 = 706.858 cm3

V2 =

(3)2 (h + 6)

V2 = 7.0686 (h + 6)
Using Boyles Law:
P1 V1=P2 V2
1 (706.858) = (1 + 0.00080h) (7.0686) (h + 6)

706.858
7.0686

= (1 + 0.00080h) (h + 6)

99.99 = h + 0.00080h2 + 6 + 0.00048h

99.99 = 0.00080h2 + 1.0048h + 6
h = 87.452cm.
x = 90 6 87.452
x = 3cm.
Height of air inside the glass:
h + 6 = 90.452cm.
Force required to maintain equilibrium:

=hA

F = 9810

( 0.03)
4

0.80

F = 5.547 N.

43. Cylinder glass tubing 3 cm inside diameter and 92cm long with one end closed is immersed
vertically with the open end down into a tank of cleaning solvent ( sp.gr. = 0.75) until only 7cm.
of its length remain above the liquid surface. If the barometric pressure is 1 kg/cm2 and
neglecting vapor pressure,
How high will the fluid rise in the tube?
Compare the height of the air inside the glass.
What force required to maintain equilibrium.
Solution:
Height of fluid rise in the tube:
P1 = 1kg/cm2
P2 = P1 + wh

P2 = 1 +

1000 ( 0.75 ) (h) Kg

100
m

P2 = 1 +0.00075h kg/cm2

V1 =

(3)2 (92)

V1 = 650.3097 cm3

m
100 cm )

V2 =

(3)2 (h + 7)

V2 = 7.0686 (h + 7)
Using Boyles Law:
P1 V1=P2 V2
1 (650.3097) = (1 + 0.00075h) (7.0686) (h + 7)

650.3097
7.0686

= (1 + 0.00075h) (h + 7)

91.9998 = h + 0.00075h2 + 7 + 0.00365h

h = 79.918cm.
x = 90 7 79.918
x = 3.082 cm.
Height of air inside the glass:
h + 3.082 = 83cm.
Force required to maintain equilibrium:

=hA

F = 9810

( 0.03)
4

F = 5.547 N.

0.80