‫) أسئلة محولة وغير محلولة مهمة في االمتحان النهائي‬1(‫نماذج‬

Example (1): Determine the density, specific gravity, and mass of the air in a room
whose dimensions are 4 m , 5 m , 6 m at 100 kPa and 25°C.Taken the gas constant
(R=287 kj/kg.oK).
Solution: The density, specific gravity, and mass of the air in a room are to be
determined.
The density of air is determined from the ideal-gas relation, to be

m3
 fluid 1.17
b  Specific  gravity : SG    0.00117
 water 1000
Finally, the volume and the mass of air in the room are:

Note that we converted the temperature to the unit K from °C before using it in the ideal-
gas relation.

Example (2): A container volume (=200L) full in oil (W=1.90 KN). Find:
(a)- Specific weight and specific gravity, mass.
(b)- Specific volume of oil.
Solution:
a)- 1L=1000cm3 200L=0.2 m3
W 1.9 KN
    8.45 3
Where:  0.2 m
 8.45  10 3 N . sec 2
  g      862
And, g 9.8 m4
 fluid 862
S   0.862
 water 100
Mass (m)=    862  0.2  172.4 Kg
1 1 m3
  0.00116
b)- =  862 Kg

Example (3): Find the water height at 20Co in a two capillary glasses tubes with a
diameter 1mm and 1cm, and then find the pressure difference inside a water drop with a
diameter 0.1 mm? (Assume =0,water=0.0728 N/m2, water=9800N/m3 and mercury=0.47
N/m2).

Solution:
First case when D=1mm, the water height (h) can be calculated as:*
 4 cos 
h
D

4(0.0728)  1.0
h  h=2.97 cm
9800  (0.001)
* Second case when D=1 cm, the water height (h) can be calculated as:
4 cos 
h  h=2.97 mm
D
The pressure difference inside a water drop is:
4 4(0.0728) N
P    P  2912 2
D 0.0001 m

Example (4): A square block weighing (1KN) and having dimensions (200200) mm
is allowed to slide down an incline on a film of oil having a thickness of 0.005mm. If
we use a linear velocity profile in the oil, what is the terminal speed of the block?
Where (oil=710-3 pa.sec).
Solution:
F
    F    A
A
du
Where, F=W sin 20 and = dy
o

du V

For linear velocity profile dy h
F    A

V
W sin 20 o    A
hV
5  10 3  10 3
(0.20.2) (0.34)= 710-3 1103
V=6.07m/sec.

Example (5): A 120 mm disc rotate on a table separated by an oil film of 1.8mm
thickness. Find the viscosity of oil if the torque required to rotate the disc at 60rpm is
3.6×10-4N.m. Assume the velocity gradient variation is linear.
Solution:
Angular velocity of the disc,

The velocity gradient is linear:

Shearing stress,
F=
(Where u=
F=
Viscous torque (T) =shearing force r
T=

Example(6): Water flow through pipes A and B. Lubricating oil is in the upper portion of
the inverted U- tube, Mercury (Hg) is in the bottom of the manometer bends as shown in
Fig. example no.5 below, Determine the pressure difference (PA-PB). (given water=1000
Kg/m3,oil=880 Kg/m3 and Hg=13560 Kg/m3).

Solution:
water =waterg =9810 N/m3
oil =oilg =8633 N/m3
Hg =Hgg =133024 N/m3

PA+water(0.25)- Hg(0.06)+ oil (0.08)- Hg(0.1) -

water(0.2)=PB
PA-PB=20 KN/m2
Note: second way to solve the example:
PA=PB+19.810.2+13.69.81.1-.889.81.08+13.69.810.06-19.81.25
PA-PB= 20 KN/m2

Example (7): In figure shown below, AB a gate hinge at B. calculates the tension (T)
which is required in the cord to keep the gate in its position. The gate width is (2m).

Sol:

FR=
FR= (9.81× 103) (1.5) (3×2)
=88.2kN
 =

hcg= 2m

The resultant force acts at a distance 0.5 below the center of gravity.

The moment about the hinge point B is given below:

T× 5m=FR )
= (88200×1.0)/5
=17640 N

Example (8): In figure shown below, a gate AB having a quadrant shape of radius
2.0m. Find the resultant force and direction if the gate width is 4 m.
Horizontal component:
FR=
FR= (9.81× 103) (1) (2×4)
=78.48kN
Vertical component:
=
= 30.80 kN
The total force on a curved surface:
Is given by:
= 84.3 kN
And the resultant force direction is given by:
= 23.78o
Q1: What is fluid dynamic viscosity? What are its units?
Q2: Name some important properties of fluids.
Q3: Define the term ‘Pressure’. How is a pressure measurement?
Q4: Estimate the pressure difference between the tank A and B, as shown in Fig. below.
(Ans: PB-PA=2.74 KN/m2)

Q5: Pressure gage B is to measure the pressure at point A in a water flow. If the pressure
at gage B (PB=87Kpa), estimate the pressure at point A.
(Ans: PA96 Kpa)
 ‫( أسئلة وأمثلة مرشحة لالمتحان النهائي نموذج‬2)
Q1: Oil with specific gravity 0.9 enters a tee, as shown in the figure below,
with velocity V1 = 5m/s. The diameter at section 1 is 10cm, the diameter at
section 2 is 7cm, and the diameter at section 3is 6cm. the flow rates at
sections 2 and 3 are equal.
Find: a) Velocity V2 and V3.

Sol:

A1=π/4 (d1)2 = π/4 (0.1)2 =0.00785 m2

A2=π/4 (d2)2 = π/4 (0.07)2 =0.003846 m2

A3=π/4 (d3)2 = π/4 (0.06)2 =0.002826m2

Q1=V1×A1 Q1=5×0.00783 = 0.003925m3/sec

Q2=Q3= Q1

Therefore,

Q2=0.0019625 m3/sec

Q3=0.0019625 m3/sec

V2= Q2/ A2= 0.0019625/0.003846= 5.1 m/sec

And,

V3= Q3/ A3= 0.0019625/0.002826= 6.94 m/sec

Q2: In a pipe system (ac) oil flow with mass density (ρoil=800 kg/m3), as
shown in figure below. The pipe (ab) having diameter 50mm and flow
velocity (1.2m/sec) and the pipe (bc) having a diameter is 70mm.Determine:

a- The velocity of flow at pipe (bc).

b- The mass flow rate in kg/sec.
Sol:

a) Qa=Qc

Va×Aa= Vc×Ac

b) ( mass flow rate)

1.885 kg/sec

Q3: A pipeline is 15cm in diameter and it is at an elevation of 100m at section A. At

section B it is at an elevation of 107m and has diameter of 30cm, as shown in figure
below. When a discharge of 50L/sec of water is passed through this pipeline, pressure at
A is 35kPa. Calculate pressure at B if flow is from A to B.

Sol:

ΔZ=ZB-ZA= 107-100=7m

Q=50 L/sec= 0.05m3/sec

AA=π/4 (dA)2 = π/4 (0.15)2 =0.0176 m2

AB=π/4 (dB)2 = π/4 (0.30)2 =0.0706 m2

QA=QB=Q= 0.05m3/sec

Where,

QA=VA×AA VA= QA/ AA= 0.05/0.0176= 2.84 m/sec

And, QB=VB×AB VB= QB/ AB= 0.05/0.0706= 0.708 m/sec

By applying Bernoulli’s equation between A and B, we get:

=3.567+0.385-7

PB=-29.9 kPa (or vacuum pressure)

Q4: Water flows through the branching pipe, as shown in figure below. The
viscous effects are negligible. Determine the pressure at section (2) and the
pressure at section (3).

Sol:

Q2=V2×A2 Q2= V2×A2= 14 = 0.42 m3/sec

Q3=Q1-Q2 Q3=Q1-Q2 = 1-0.42=0.58 m3/sec

Q3=V3×A3 V3= Q3/ A3= 0.58/0.035= 16.57 m/sec

V1= Q1/ A1= 1/0.1= 10 m/sec

Apply Bernoulli’s equation between 1 and 2, we get:

Where, Z1=Z2=0
 30.58-4.89

P2=252 Kpa

And the pressure at section 3 is:

Apply Bernoulli’s equation between 1 and 2, we get:

Where, ΔZ=Z3-Z1=10m

30.58-8.89-10

P2=114 Kpa
Q5: A gasoline ( flows
through enlargement pipe as shown in figure below. Determine the volume
flow rate in (L/sec), by assuming steady, in
viscid and incompressible flow.
Sol:

A1=π/4 (d1)2 = π/4 (0.0521)2 =0.00213 m2

A2=π/4 (d2)2 = π/4 (0.0942)2 =0.00696 m2

From continuity equation:

Q1=Q2 or, V1×A1 = V2×A2

Hence,

………. (1)

From Bernoulli’s equation, we get:

Where, Z1=Z2

………. (2)

By substitute equation (1) in (2), we get:

-9.445×2g=-9.677
Q2=V2×A2 Q2=4.375×0.00696 = 0.0304 m3/sec

Q6: A horizontal venture meter with inlet diameter 200mm and throat
diameter is 100mm is employed to measure the flow of water. The reading
of differential manometer connected to the inlet is 180mm of mercury. If the
coefficient of discharge Cd=0.98. Determine the actual flow rate in L/sec.

Sol:

D1= 200mm= 0.2m and D2=100mm= 0.1m

A1=π/4 (d1)2 = π/4 (0.2)2 =0.0314 m2

A2=π/4 (d2)2 = π/4 (0.1)2 =0.00785 m2

Where,
Q7: A venture meter having a diameter at inlet is 1.2mand at throat is 0.6m,
which is employed to discharge water. The differential manometer reading is
51 mm.Hg. The discharge coefficient is 0.98.
Find:
1- The actual discharge in m3/sec.
2- The velocity at throat.
Sol:
1) A1=π/4 (d1)2 = π/4 (1.2)2 =1.131 m2

A2=π/4 (d2)2 = π/4 (0.6)2 =0.2827m2

Where,

2) Q2=V2×A2

V2= Q2/ A2= 1.016/0.2827

V2 = 3.594 m/sec

Assignment 1: A fluid flow through a venture meter, as shown in figure

(3).Find the volume and mass flow rate, assume ideal condition exit.