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Design of Columns

This document discusses the design of columns. It defines columns as members loaded in compression that experience more than pure compression due to their length or eccentric loading. Columns are classified as either long columns, which fail due to buckling, or short columns, which fail due to yielding. The critical load of a column depends on its effective length and end conditions. Parameters for determining the column type include the radius of gyration, effective length, and slenderness ratio. Equations for determining the critical load of long columns under central or eccentric loading (Euler's formula) and short columns under central loading (J.B. Johnson's formula) are provided.

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148 views

Design of Columns

This document discusses the design of columns. It defines columns as members loaded in compression that experience more than pure compression due to their length or eccentric loading. Columns are classified as either long columns, which fail due to buckling, or short columns, which fail due to yielding. The critical load of a column depends on its effective length and end conditions. Parameters for determining the column type include the radius of gyration, effective length, and slenderness ratio. Equations for determining the critical load of long columns under central or eccentric loading (Euler's formula) and short columns under central loading (J.B. Johnson's formula) are provided.

Uploaded by

arsenic_94
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of Columns

Design of Columns
Column- a member loaded in compression such that either its length or
eccentric loading causes it to experience more than pure compression
Can be classified as
a. Long columns
b. Short Columns

Design of Columns
Long columns- fail due to structurally(buckling
or elasticity failure)
Short columns- fail to materially (yielding
failure)
When P reaches critical load, column becomes
unstable and bending develops rapidly
Critical load depends on end conditions

Design of Columns
Parameters needed in determining the type of column

Radius of Gyration,r: =
Effective Length,Le: =
Slenderness Ratio,: =

,where C=End Condition Constant

Design of Columns
End Conditions and Effective Length of Columns
C=4
C=1
C=2
C=1/4

C=1

Design of Columns
Compare
if

if

>

<

with

22

22

1
2

1
2

22

1
2

, long columns, use Eulers Formula

, short columns, use J.B. Johnsons Formula

Design of Columns
Central Loading:
Eulers Formula:

J.B. Johnsons Formula:


Factor of safety:
=
Where P=maximum allowable load

Design of Columns
Eccentric Loading: For both Columns
Maximum deflection:

1
=
1 + 2

Factor of safety: =
Where P=maximum allowable load e=eccentricity, c=distnace of NA to extreme
fiber

Design of Columns
Develop a specific Eulers and J.B. Johnsons Eqautions for the sizes of
columns having
a) Round cross sections, diameter d is required
b) Rectangular cross section, h<b, base b is required

Design of Columns
Specify the diameter of a round column 1.5m long that is to carry a
maximum load estimated to be 22kN. Use a design factor of 4 and
consider the ends as pinned rounded. The column material selected
has a minimum yiled strength of 500 Mpa at a modulus of elasticity of
207 Gpa.

Design of Columns
A round steel rod made of structural steel,with yield strength of 48ksi
and E=30Mpsi, is to be used as a column, centrally loaded with 10 kips;
N = 3 . Determine the diameter for L = 25 in.

Design of Columns

The column above is subjected to an axial compressive load of 15 kips.


Made of AISI C1030, as rolled(Sy=51 ksi and E=30Mpsi), it has sectional
length of 20 in. Assume a loose fit with the pins. What is
a. the critical load for this column
b. the design factor
c. the equivalent stress under a load of 15 kips
d. Maximum stress for the foregoing load, when eccentricity
ratio=0.25 and eccentricity is Le/400

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