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    English Syntax 1

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    This document summarizes key points about syntax from the book "English Syntax" by Freeman and Freeman (2004). It outlines four views of grammar, including viewing grammar and syntax as synonymous, grammar as prescribing correct usage, grammar for rhetorical purposes, and grammar as the functional command of syntax. It also discusses the current descriptive approach to teaching grammar over the prescriptive approach. Finally, it provides an overview of Chomsky's theory of generative grammar, including the idea that sentences have both a surface structure and deep structure meaning.

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    English Syntax 1

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    207 views3 pages
    This document summarizes key points about syntax from the book "English Syntax" by Freeman and Freeman (2004). It outlines four views of grammar, including viewing grammar and syntax as synonymous, grammar as prescribing correct usage, grammar for rhetorical purposes, and grammar as the functional command of syntax. It also discusses the current descriptive approach to teaching grammar over the prescriptive approach. Finally, it provides an overview of Chomsky's theory of generative grammar, including the idea that sentences have both a surface structure and deep structure meaning.

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    This document summarizes key points about syntax from the book "English Syntax" by Freeman and Freeman (2004). It outlines four views of grammar, including viewing grammar and syntax as synonymous, grammar as prescribing correct usage, grammar for rhetorical purposes, and grammar as the functional command of syntax. It also discusses the current descriptive approach to teaching grammar over the prescriptive approach. Finally, it provides an overview of Chomsky's theory of generative grammar, including the idea that sentences have both a surface structure and deep structure meaning.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    207 views3 pages

    English Syntax 1

    Uploaded by

    api-320884146
    This document summarizes key points about syntax from the book "English Syntax" by Freeman and Freeman (2004). It outlines four views of grammar, including viewing grammar and syntax as synonymous, grammar as prescribing correct usage, grammar for rhetorical purposes, and grammar as the functional command of syntax. It also discusses the current descriptive approach to teaching grammar over the prescriptive approach. Finally, it provides an overview of Chomsky's theory of generative grammar, including the idea that sentences have both a surface structure and deep structure meaning.

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    Freeman and Freeman, (2004) - English

    Syntax

    Chapter 9 - SUMMARY (Outline style - Marzano (2003).


    ====================================

    Main Entry:
    Part of
    Speech:
    Definition:
    Synonyms:
    Notes:

    syntax [sin-taks] Show IPA


    noun

    arrangement
    order, pattern, structure, system
    grammar consists of a description of all the
    elements in a language; syntax focuses on
    the relationships between words that
    determine their order in sentences grammar is the entire study and syntax is
    one part only

    Source: http://thesaurus.com, downloaded 11/26/2012


    ====================================
    A.

    FOUR VIEWS OF GRAMMAR Weaver (1996) as cited in Freeman, et. al. (pg. 216).
    i. Grammar describes syntactic structures.
    Chomsky postulates humans are born with language acquisition
    device and develop internal knowledge of language structures
    including syntax, phonology, morphology, semantics, and
    pragmatics.
    Grammar and syntax are synonymous.

    ii. Grammar prescribes the correct use of words.


    Research studies show that traditional prescriptive grammar

    instruction has negligible effects on improving actual writing skills.

    iii. Grammar as effective use of syntactic structures for rhetorical purposes.


    (eloquent discourse).

    There is no need to label the parts of speech, only the need to


    practice meaningful writing putting in conventional forms to
    enhance the rhetorical effects through careful organization and
    word choice to express ideas in eloquent ways.

    WOU - ED 684

    Prepared by Liliana Heller-Mafrica, Ed.D.

    Nov. 2012


    iv. Grammar as the functional command of syntax.
    Chomsky argues that humans have an innate capacity for
    language and develop a full command of the syntactic structures
    of their community of speakers that allows them to function
    effectively.

    B.

    CURRENT APPROACH TO TEACH GRAMAR:


    DESCRIPTIVE not PRESCRIPTIVE

    A Descriptive approach uses the intuition of native speakers: doesnt sound


    like English to determine grammatical acceptability.
    Prescriptive approaches laid down grammatical rules in traditional ways.
    In attempting to describe syntactic structure, linguists are attempting to describe
    how the language works, not to prescribe correct usage (pg. 229-230)

    C . THEORY OF SYNTAX
    Building a theory of syntax to make explicit the subconscious rules speakers of a
    language normally use every day, involves considering:
    1. The order or words
    2. category of words
    3. the way words are grouped
    4. the functions different words have
    5. the dependencies among words
    Content words: Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
    Main verbs are listed as content words
    Function words: Pronouns and determiners
    Auxiliary verbs are listed as function words.

    Chomskys theory of GENERATIVE GRAMMAR:


    WOU - ED 684

    Prepared by Liliana Heller-Mafrica, Ed.D.

    Nov. 2012

    All sentences have both a surface structure and a deep structure.


    The teacher read the book and The book was ready by the teacher
    have a different surface structure (word order) but have the same deep
    level structure or meaning.
    Conversely, some sentences are the same at the surface level but have a
    different meaning at the deep level.

    WOU - ED 684

    Prepared by Liliana Heller-Mafrica, Ed.D.

    Nov. 2012

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