Instrumentation Interview

Question and Answers

Can we use a control valve without positioner?
Control valve can not be without positioner. The purpose
of the positioner is to control the control valve stroke so
as to keep the valve in desired position. The positioner
receives signal from the controller, and send the
boosted signal to the actuator to reach the desired
position as and when the valve reaches the desired
position the positioner cuts the boosted signal to the
actuator and keeps the position.
Why 4-20 mA signal is preferred over a 0-10V
signal?
Generally in a transistor some amount of voltage is
required for turning it on. This voltage is the cut in
voltage. Up to this voltage the exists a nonlinearity in its
characteristics. Beyond this cut in voltage the char. of
transistor is linear. This nonlinear region lays between 0-
4ma, beyond 4ma it linear. This is why 4-20 ma range is
used.
What is remote mount with MTA option? (In case of
Dual Sensor Vortex Flowmeter, rosemount has
written in its Catalog drawings)?
Remote mount with MTA means MTA connector for
mounting remote connection.
MTA is the Connector used for connection. Generally we
called it MTA Connector.
There are many types of MTA connector such as MTA
100connectors, Mta 156 connectors etc...
How to write the program for single push button by
using Ladder diagram?
1. Create a Push button
2. Connect a Counter series to PB
3. Create a compare button
4. Initialize 1 at one end
5. Counter output in another
6. Connect the Coil which has to be energized
7. Initialize 2 at one end
8. Counter output in another
9. Connect the Coil which has to be reenergized.
Difference between DCS and PLC including date
processing and architecture.
If we have more I/o's in digital signals than analogue
signals normally we choose DCS....and vice versa
Re: Why we use 4 to 20 mA, (This is International Standard)
instaed of this can we use 4-16, or 4-24 or 3- 15 or any other range
Answer the 4mA zero is termed a "live zero". 0 Richard
# 5 If 0mA was the zero Marks
point there would be no way of telling
if the transducer
was reading zero or in a fault
condition eg. an open loop.
with a 4mA zero an open loop would
drive the indicator eg.
a recorder into a minus figure (-25%).
The 4 - 20mA scale
is to give a calibration points for 0-
25-50-75-100%.
Because the start point is 4 the steps
are 4mA.

9
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Correct ? 0 No

Re: Why we use 4 to 20 mA, (This is International Standard) instaed

of this can we use 4-16, or 4-24 or 3- 15 or any other range
Answer First the question is why can't we use 0 Nagarajan.p
#6 3~15mA or other
range, here also we can check live
zero and also we can go
step current like 3,6,9,12,15(i.e
0%,25%,50%,75%,100%).ok
The reason is the transmitter voltage
 is 24Vdc , here we
can load max of 600 ohms, for this
voltage & load better
range is 4~20.
Why 4 ~ 20 is better since we can
convert easily 1~5Vdc by
put 250 ohms.All the controllers and
DCS , PLCs are operated
by the input of 1~5Vdc (external or
Internal convertion)

24
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Correct ? 0 No

Re: Why we use 4 to 20 mA, (This is International Standard) instaed

of this can we use 4-16, or 4-24 or 3- 15 or any other range
Answer Answers 5 & 6 are totally correct.. 0 Samrat Kar
# 7 just adding another point.
20 mA as upper value is used to keep
electrical components
intrinsically safe at hazardous area.

3
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Correct ? 0 No

Re: Why we use 4 to 20 mA, (This is International Standard) instaed

of this can we use 4-16, or 4-24 or 3- 15 or any other range
Answer Answers 5, 6 & 7 are correct. just 0 Anup
# 8 want 2 add that why cant Ramteke
we use 3 mA current as lower value.
The reason is that there
are many small noise signals that can
be picked up by our
signal wire which has the potential of
providing upto 3 mA
current. So to be on the safe side to
distinguish between
our proper field signal and the noise
pick-ups we use 4 mA
as our lower value

4
Is This Answer Yes
Correct ? 1 No

Re: Why we use 4 to 20 mA, (This is International Standard) instaed

 of this can we use 4-16, or 4-24 or 3- 15 or any other range
Answer ans. 5,6,7 & 8 r correct.only two
# 9 points add.
1.in ancient time,niddle type
galvanometers are used,only if
we pass 4mA current it shows
deflection.therefore 4mA.
2.if 21mA current will pass through
our body,man can goes
dead.therefore 20mA. & 4-20 mA can
divided into 5 equal %.

1
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Correct ? 0 No

Question what is the role of proportional in process control?

Question Submitted By :: Waris
I also faced this Question!! Answer Posted
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Re: what is the role of proportional in process control?

Answer Normally In PID Controller Proportional 0 Rajesh
# 1 gain and integral
time is important parameters
in Process control we are using several
parameters so we
maintain a pertucular level of the
system proportional is
used.

0
Yes
Is This Answer Correct ?
2 No

Re: what is the role of proportional in process control?

Answer proportional control is used to linear 0 Dinesh
#2 increase(relationship) with the
controlled variable and to
the final control element

1
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Is This Answer Correct ?
1 No
 Re: what is the role of proportional in process control?
Answer To maintain one-to-one correspondence
#3 between error signal
and manipulated signal.
Re: what is difference between 3 wire and 4 wire RTD sensor?
Answer Lead-wire resistance in two-wire 0 Ravikant
# 3 measurements causes
potentially large temperature
measurement errors.

Other types of resistance measurements

include three-wire
and four-wire resistance measurements.
Four-wire
measurements are preferred in
temperature applications
because they eliminate lead wire
resistance from the
measurement.

2
Yes
Is This Answer Correct ?
0 No

Re: what is difference between 3 wire and 4 wire RTD sensor?

Answer 3rd wire is used as compension and if we 0 Imran
#4 use 4 wire RTD it Aslam
elemeneted more resistence as compere to
3 wire.4 wire is
more perfect

2
Yes
Is This Answer Correct ?
0 No

Re: what is difference between 3 wire and 4 wire RTD sensor?

Answer 3 wire rtd sensor have a 1 postive(red)
# 5 and 2
negative(white).whenever 3 wire rtd used
for long distance
that means 10 meter wire..that time wire
resistance also
increased.(r=pl/a).in 4 wire rtd sensor
have a 2
postive(red) and 2 negative(white).4
wire rtd used for long
distance that time the red and red wire
have short.so the
resistance variation is equal.