Annotated Bibliography

1. Bostwick, J. Michael. Blurred Boundaries: The Therapeutics and Politics of Medical

Marijuana Mayo Clinic Proceedings. February 2012. Web. 11 September 2015.
<http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(11)00021-8/abstract?cc=y>.
The article analyzes the history of therapeutic and medical uses of marijuana. This controversial
drug often known as an addictive abused stimulus for people to get high, or to feel pleasure, found its
new beneficial purpose as a medication. Despite the fact that the federal government banned the use of
marijuana, California, became the first state in America to legalize the marijuanas medical use in 1995.
Though the drug is known for its addictiveness,it was manipulated as a treatment for many psychotic
illnesses. The endocannabinoid system in the human body system responded positively to the marijuana
treatment. Sixteen states of United States have legalized this drug; however, many debates are swung
back and forth whether marijuana should be used as a medical treatment or not.
This article is useful by addressing the history of medical marijuana and the opinions for its uses
in the medical field. Though the article is general and does not have much information pertaining to the
relations with specific illnesses, the article reveals that medical marijuana is effective. It also provides key
terms relating to the topic and it is helpful for a person who wants to look deeper into medical marijuana
and its side effects, uses, abuses, positive and negative effects, and the ingredients within marijuana that
makes the drug so effective for psychotic treatments.
2. "Brain Tumor Treatment." Brain Tumor Treatment. Web. 28 Sept. 2015.
<http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/brain_tumor/treatment.html>.
This article explains the different treatments of brain tumor. Brain tumors are treated differently
depending on the patients age and general health as well as the type, size, and the location of the tumor.
The patients received steroids before the treatment to prevent swelling and anticonvulsants in order to
prevent seizures. The three types of brain tumor treatments are surgery, radiation therapy, and
chemotherapy. The most common process of exterminating the brain tumor is surgery. This process
requires craniotomy, and if the surgeon cannot completely remove the tumor, chemotherapy or radiation
therapy are exercised as an alternative. In some cases, the tumor cannot be removed at all; therefore, the
surgeon can only perform a biopsy through a needle or surgery. CAT scans and MRI scans are utilized in
order to detect the exact location of the tumor. Another treatment is radiation therapy; it utilizes highpowered rays in order to prevent cancer cells from growing. Two types of radiation therapy are external
radiation and implant radiation. Gamma Knife is a one-time use radiation therapy that directly hits the
tumor with high dosage of high-power rays. Chemotherapy is a cycle treatment period in which drugs are
taken orally or can be injected in the body.
This article is helpful for giving general information about treating brain tumors and treatment
information. It is a great article to begin the research of brain tumors and can pinpoint each treatment in
detail and informs the readers about the alternatives treatments of brain tumors. The article has links that
gives more information about brain tumors, the effects, symptoms, and the conditions of a brain tumor
patient.
3. Brasic, James Robert, and Nicole Cascella et al. "Positron Emission Tomography
Experience with 2-[18F]Fluoro-3-(2(S)- Azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine
(2-[18F]FA) in the Living Human Brain of Smokers with Paranoid
Schizophrenia." Positron Emission Tomography Experience with
2-[18F]Fluoro-3-(2(S)- Azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (2-[18F]FA) in the Living
Human Brain of Smokers with Paranoid Schizophrenia (2012): 1-17. Web. 6
Nov. 2015.

This academic journal specifically focuses on the effect of drugs on the brains of people with
paranoid schizophrenia. The research focuses on four groups of people: non-smokers, non-smokers with
schizophrenia, smokers, and smokers with schizophrenia. All smokers, with or without schizophrenia,
enrolled to a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders to have a more structured study
of their brains and their psychologic health. The participants who smoke were diagnosed with many
disorders such as eating disorder, mood disorder, alcohol abuse, anxiety disorders, and more. The nonsmokers without schizophrenia showed no signs of disorders throughout the research experiment. All
participants were tested for hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, lateral preferences
examination, general dyskinesias, and akathisia. In the results, one of the schizophrenics had diagnosis for
cannabis intoxication and another participant with schizophrenia had a diagnosis for post-traumatic stress
disorder. All schizophrenics faced some sort of movement disorder.
The academic journal is useful in order to find links between schizophrenia and smoking. All
smokers had some sort of disorders, which correlated to the more extreme actions found in schizophrenics
who smoke than schizophrenics who do not smoke. It can be used as a reference and a guide into a
research which shows the audience that drugs do not assist in the best treatment for schizophrenics in any
way.
4. Brunner, Stephanie. "Children Who Suffered Bullying Are More Likely to Develop
Psychotic Symptoms in Early Adolescence." Medical News Today 7 May 2009: n.
pag. Medical News Today. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/149130.php>.
The article explains that children who were abused and gone through traumatic experiences in the
past are more likely to develop a psychosis, which one of them being schizophrenia. Dr. Andrea Schreier
from The Warwick Medical School in Coventry, England conducted a study with 6,437 children. The
study regularly sent questions to the parents regarding to the childrens physical condition and growth
since birth. On the yearly check ups, children and parents were required to notify if the child was
oppressed, harmed, or experience any psychotic symptoms during the year. The children who were
bullied and oppressed were two times at risk than other children to develop psychotic symptoms. The
stress caused by oppression and bullying can trigger the likelihood of schizophrenia and its symptoms.
However, repeated victimization altering the cognitive and stress response must be researched further.
The article is useful and helpful by recognizing of the stress factors which can trigger psychosis.
The article also provides other articles related to this article and more about psychosis and schizophrenia
symptoms. This can definitely help the research by recognizing to pay closer attention to children who
were bullied in order to treat them and console them in order to prevent the early diagnosis of psychosis.
5.The Center for BrainHealth, Study Shows Marijuanas Long Term Effects on the Brain Center
for BrainHealth. 10 November 2014. Web. 16 September 2015.
<http://www.brainhealth.utdallas.edu/blog_page/study-shows-marijuanas-long-term-effec
ts-on-the-brain>.
This article explains the study of marijuana and its long term effect of the brain. The research
team in University of Texas at Dallas conducted a research study with 48 adult marijuana users and 62
non-users who were gender and aged matched and compared the brain structure and the function of both
drug abusers and non-abusers. Research showed that consistent marijuana smokers obtain a smaller brain
volume in the orbitofrontal cortex. The research team included the gender, age, ethnicity, and the drug
uses of the tested contestants. Drug users were found to have a lower IQ and smoke at least three times a
day on average. However, those results were not related in any way to the decrease in the orbitofrontal
cortex. However, as the test subjects who smoked lost their brain volume, they increased in connectivity

and connectivity compensated the losses in which the test subjects faced. This research proved that
marijuana does not directly affect the all changes in the brain function and structure.
This article is helpful for studying the effects marijuana has on the human brain and how it
correlates to the brain function and structure of marijuana abusers and lead to brain damage or any
diseases pertaining to marijuana. However, this article is a research based article; many research has been
conducted over the years for the long term effects marijuana has on the brain. It clearly specifies which
part of the brain marijuana is greatly affected on but it does not talk about the other parts of the brain
which can be affected by marijuana use. This article can be used as a warning to drug abusers of the
consequences they will face as they continue to smoke.
Cicero, Karen. "How Effective Is Medical Marijuana? Here's A Closer Look At 14 Different
Uses." Prevention. N.p., 22 Apr. 2015. Web. 29 Feb. 2016.
This article explains the different uses for medical marijuana. Marijuana, being a highly
controversial medicine, has been brought out to the spotlight because scientists have found new, profound
medicinal uses for the drug. The article lists the illness that marijuana can treat, its objective, how
effective it is, test results, and room for improvement. It has been found that marijuana can be used to
treat nausea relief, nerve pain relief, multiple sclerosis, general chronic pain relief, cancer treatment,
Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, epilepsy, and many other illnesses. The potential of medical
marijuana is endless. All drugs are prone to side effects. The article also addresses how the medical
marijuana can be taken, which is either through inhaling, smoking, or eating, also called edibles.
This article helps the research by enabling the reader to learn about all the possibilities of
marijuana and its beneficial effects on the illness. It also addresses the effectiveness and how it should be
taken. It is helpful for a person who wants to look more in depth into marijuanas effects on their illness.
6."Drug Treatment of Schizophrenia." health.harvard.edu. N.p., 1 Sept. 2015. Web.
16 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.health.harvard.edu/family_health_guide/drug-treatment-of-schizophrenia-the>.
This article explains drugs used on schizophrenics and its effects on the patient. The article
clearly draws the line that the medicinal treatments does not improve nor have any effects on the patient's
emotional unresponsiveness, social withdrawal, or memory and attention span. The patient is first
introduced to one of the five drugs, olanzapine (Zyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal), quetiapine (Seroquel),
aripiprazole (Abilify), or ziprasidone (Geodon). If the patient respond well to the drug, then they continue
to take the drug for six months. If not, they would switch to another medication and try it out and see if
they respond well to the second drug. The drugs all have the same effects; some patients just respond to
one drug better than the other. The side effects of these drugs are drowsiness, blurred vision, constipation,
dizziness resulting from low blood pressure, pacing and restlessness, muscle spasms, tremors, and can
have a slight heart risk and diabetes.
This article is useful to explaining how medicinal drugs are useful and is only used for controlling
complusive behaviors, not to improve social skills or psychological defects. There are more articles on the
website for more information pertaining to, but not limited to schizophrenia and their medicinal drugs. It
will be helpful for more research for different drugs and treatments.
7."Hallucination: A Normal Phenomenon." dujs.dartmouth.edu. N.p., 21 Nov. 2009.
Web. 9 Nov. 2015.
<http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/fall-2009/hallucination-a-normal-phenomenon#.VkCysLerTIU>.
This article explains the common illnesses and diseases which makes the patients hallucinate and
the commonness of hallucination. Hallucinations are misconceptions and illusions people hear or see.

Hallucination occurs mostly in males than females and increases as people age. Some factors of
hallucination can be a loss of a loved one, The trauma of losing a loved one causes widows and widowers
to most commonly hallucinate about their deceased spouse for ten years. Illnesses and diseases related to
hallucination are schizophrenia, Parkinsons disease, and Charles Bonnets syndrome. Schizophrenia is a
mental illness that makes patients hallucinate hearing voices or see people who are not actually present.
The patients are unaware that the hallucinations are not real life; they believe that what they see or hear
are real. The Parkinsons disease makes patients see hallucination because the disease alters vision.
Patients think that someone else is always in the room with them and that something is always there in
their peripheral vision. The Charles Bonnets syndrome (CBS) causes the patients to visualize devils,
angels, funny situations, or anything unrelated to their life. The patients with CBS is psychologically
healthy and aware of fact that the hallucinations arent real. Most CBS patients do not tell their doctors,
spouses, or other people out of fear of being ignored or called insane. LSD and other drugs can also cause
hallucinations. People hid the fact that they hallucinate because they are afraid of the stigma against
mental illnesses.
This article is helpful for understanding hallucinations and their different types and causes. Not
all hallucinations indicate mental illness and can affect some peoples cases positively. This article has
references to look at in order to find more articles which explain the hallucinations more in depth and
thoroughly. The article will help in the research to spread awareness of different hallucinations people
face and there are more articles in the references to show the significance of different types of
hallucinations schizophrenics can have.
8."Haloperidol." National Library of Medicine. N.p., 16 May 2011. Web. 10 Nov.
2015.
<https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682180.html>.
The article gives many information about the drug, Haloperidol. Haloperidol is one the of the
drugs that are used as a treatment for psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. The drug decreases the
excitement in the brain and calms the patient down. The drug only controls the psychotic disorders; it is
not used to cure illnesses. It either comes as a pill or a liquid and must be taken two or three times a day.
There are many side effects to the drugs such as vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, mood swings, headache,
dizziness, and increase for sexual desire. If symptoms such as fever, seizures, uncontrollable tongue or
face movement, rash, yellowing of eyes, or difficulty breathing occur, the doctor needs to be called
immediately. Though the drug is used to control and benefit the patients with psychotic disorders, there
are many negative effects which follow up as the drug is taken.
The article is helpful for giving information about Haloperidol and its effects and how it can be
taken. There are also other many other drugs and medicines for psychotic disorders which can be found
through the site of the article. This article will help researchers learn about the general effect and use of
haloperidol and how it affects the brain to calm the patient down; it will help determine if this drug is the
best treatment for a psychotic disorder.
9. Keefe, Richard S.E. et. al. "Neurocognitive Effects of Antipsychotic Medications in
Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia in the CATIE Trial." Neurocognitive
Effects of Antipsychotic Medications in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia
in the CATIE Trial 64.6 (2007): n. pag. JAMA Psychiatry. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
<http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=482308>.
This journal is an experiment to see the effects of antipsychotic medications with chronic
schizophrenics. The antipsychotic medications had a slight effect on the patients and have improved their
functional abilities. The medications, however, have many defects which can harm the patients. The
patients were put into categorical groups for different antipsychotic medications. There was not any

significant differences of the psychotic and functional abilities between the results of the categorical
groups. There are not any neurocognitive treatments that are approved to treat the schizophrenics because
of the defects, the nonsignificant differences, and the unstable treatment experiments of the results of the
antipsychotic medications. The duration time of the experiment was too short, the important factors of the
cognitive improvement of the treatments were not taken into consideration, and had small sample sizes.
This journal is helpful for comparing different drug treatments on a schizophrenic patient and
whether it will have a positive effect, a negative effect, or no effect. This journal helps understand the
neurocognitive treatments on a schizophrenics body and how it can have many defects and does not have
any significant differences in treatment in one medicine to another. This will help the research by
allowing more information to be researched by looking at the references and sources.
10. Loeffler, Jay S., Merchant, Thomas E., Pollack Ian F., Brain Tumors Across the Age Spectrum:
Biology, Therapy, and Late Effects. US National Library of Medicine: National
Institutes of Health
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3529408/>,
This research specifically focuses on the effects of brain tumors on different ages of people. Brain
tumors generally has a large range of side effects based on the age of the child and the severity he/she has
gone through. Children tend to have more side effects due to the underdevelopment of the brain.
However, both adults and children use radiation therapy as a treatment. The therapy has both positive and
negative effects on both children and adults. This research was conducted in order to improve and expand
the knowledge of the tumor and comparing and contrasting the similarities and the differences of the brain
tumor conventional therapy.
This research paper is resourceful and teaches the different side effects of brain tumor and its
treatments to patients of all ages. The research paper allows the readers to obtain a more thorough
explanation of the brain tumors in different age spectrums. It allows the readers to look into the different
age groups and see the differences and similarities of the brain tumors and its treatments, and the research
paper gives graphs to compare the results and gives bibliographies for more resourceful information to
use as a backup information for researches.
11. MacDonald, Ann. Teens Who Smoke Pot at Risk for Later Schizophrenia, Psychosis Harvard
Health Publications. 30 November 2011. Web. 12 September 2015.
<http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/teens-who-smoke-pot-at-risk-for-later-schizophreni
a-psychosis-201103071676>.
This article explains that smoking marijuana results in higher chances of diagnosis of
schizophrenia and how it can damage the teenage brain. Teenagers in families with schizophrenia in their
mother or fathers side have a higher risk of schizophrenia; marijuana can speed the psychosis by three
years. Smoking marijuana regularly can double the risk of diagnosis for youth with family members who
do not have schizophrenia. The article also points out smoking marijuana can associate and lead to
schizophrenia, but it does not cause schizophrenia. Because the teenage brain is still growing and
developing, marijuana can deter the development of the brain and increases the dangers of psychotic
thinking.
This article is very helpful to know the beginning of how marijuana deters the teenage brain and
can associate and lead to the diagnosis of schizophrenia. It provides helpful information of marijuanas
interference with the teenage psychotic brain and links to another article that explains thoroughly about
the undeveloped brain of teenage and young children. The article also provides statistics of how
marijuana affects teenagers with and without family members who are diagnosed with schizophrenia in
which researchers can use to backup their information.

12. McCrummen, Stephanie. A Mother Helps Son in His Struggle with Schizophrenia Washington
Post. 25 May 2013. Web. 21 September 2015.
<https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/a-mother-helps-son-in-his-struggle-withschizophrenia/2013/05/25/3c92c63e-c19a-11e2-8bd8-2788030e6b44_story.html.>.
This is an article about the daily life of a schizophrenic patient, Spencer, and how his mental
illness affects his family and himself. Spencer was diagnosed with schizophrenia in 2011; however,
symptoms have started and affected him ever since ten years before his diagnosis. Spencers family has
been unaware of his symptoms for that past years. Over time, Spencer and his family grew to accept the
illness that Spencer had and learned to cope with the symptoms which Spencer faced. Spencers mother,
Naomi, observed Spencers every moves every single day so that Spencer does not commit harm to
himself again, as he did five months into his diagnosis. Spencer sets out to attempt to live a normal life;
his mother rents an apartment where Spencer can live with his grandmother. He learns to deal with his
illness and to control his symptoms and not let the symptoms control him. Spencer understand why his
life is in the state it is at the moment, the reasons behind his mothers actions, and the harsh treatments
that he has to go through every week. Accepting the inner truths surrounding his illness, Spencer sets
forth to cope with his schizophrenia and pursue to live as a normal person.
Through this emotionally embedded article, the readers can learn and understand the thoughts and
emotions going through a schizophrenic patient and his family. This article spreads awareness and
understanding of the actions and thoughts behind a schizophrenic patients family. It is useful when
researching about the effects in which the mental illnesses can affect not only the patient but the people
around the patient. The article can be applied to the research as an example of the emotions in which the
schizophrenic patients and the families and friends go through.
13. My Last Days: Meet Zach Sobiech. Dir. Justin Baldoni. Prod. Ahmed Kolacek and Sam Baldoni.
Perf. Zach Sobiech, Sobiech Family.Youtube. Soul Pancake, 3 May 2013. Web. 24 Sept.
2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NjKgV65fpo>.
This video portrays a cancer patient, Zach Sobiech, and his family. Zach lives with his parents
and five other siblings. Zach was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, a rare form of bone cancer. The world
came to know of Zach through his famous youtube video of him singing, Clouds, an original song
written and sung by himself. Zach had only few months to live and in those few months, he has inspired
many people around him. His parents, siblings, girlfriend, and people who watched him through youtube
called him their inspiration. Zach has lived his life to its fullest and gave hope for many terminal patients
all over the world through his music and the way he lived his life.
This video is helpful for understanding the situation and the thoughts of a terminal patient and the
family and friends around him. The video clearly conveys the emotions of the people around the terminal
cancer patient and the viewers learn to understand the families and friends through the difficult part of
their lives in facing the loss of a loved one. This video helps understand the emotional state of the patients
and their family and motivates people to reach out and help the community and the people who are also
experiencing the same things. This video can be an example of how fatal illnesses such as cancer can
affect others around the patient.
14. Pallanti, Stefano. "Raising Attention to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder in Schizophrenia." World Journal of Psychiatry 5.1 (2015): 47-55.
US National Library of Medicine. Web. 11 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369549/>.

This journal is a study on whether schizophrenia has a subgroup mental disorder of attention
deficit hyperactivity disorders, or ADHD, in schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia is a mental illness
which one of the symptoms are lacking the ability to concentrate and focus on the tasks given.
Schizophrenic patients develop this particular symptom and have a difficult time adjusting into society as
they attempt to interact with others and do basic daily tasks such as going to work. The journal claims that
as the schizophrenic patients attempt to perform certain tasks, they wander off and result in attention shift.
The journal explains their founding that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder might be stimulated more
as the schizophrenics take their daily antipsychotic medications. The trials in the research between the
correlation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia sprung a new finding that the the
schizophrenia symptom of lacking the ability to concentrate and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
originate from the same part of the brain. The cognitive skills in both schizophrenics and attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder is deterred greatly.
The journal is helpful and effective to correlate other illness which can arise from schizophrenia
and use that information to help treat and control the other illnesses along with schizophrenia. This
journal is useful in the research in order to learn about other factors in schizophrenia and how to take
account of all the side effects and disorders the schizophrenic patient faces and figure out the best
treatment possible.
15. Pilling, S., and P. Bebbington. "Psychological Treatments in Schizophrenia: I.
Meta-Analysis of Family Intervention and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy."
Psychological Treatments in Schizophrenia: I. Meta-Analysis of Family
Intervention and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: 763-79. UCL Discovery. Web.
10 Nov. 2015.
<http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/2119/1/BP.pdf>.
This journal provides many information about the psychological treatments in schizophrenia and
how it is important to go through the treatments. Though the drug treatments control the negative
symptoms of schizophrenics, the journal states that it does not have any affect on developing skills
needed to go back into society. This journal mainly focuses on family therapeutic treatments where
families are also going into the treatments in order to deal with schizophrenic family members. The
journal emphasizes that a good environment around the schizophrenics is important and vital to the
successfully develop proper social skills in order to go back into the society. Studies in this journal show
that family therapeutic treatments are more successful in treating the schizophrenics than regular
treatments. Family intervention has had a more positive affect and environment to the patient, lowered
suicide rates, and lowered chances for readmission for treatment. The patients showed to be more
mentally stable,
This journal is information filled with effective psychological treatments in schizophrenics. It
also proves that out of all the therapeutic treatments, family intervention and therapeutic treatment is the
best to assist the patient into becoming an accepted person in society. This article will help researchers
find the most effective treatment for schizophrenics and that therapy treatments are important because
drug treatments only control the symptoms of schizophrenia; it never assists in helping schizophrenics
develop social skills.
16. "Psychological Stress and Cancer." National Cancer Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 30
Oct. 2015.
<http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/stress-fact-sheet>.
This article correlates cancer to psychological stress. This article also explains the reaction of the
human body to stress. The stress hormones increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels.
Stress can link to cancer through developing smoking habits, change in eating habits, and drinking

alcohol. Though there is no evidence and study shown that good stress management leads to successful
cancer treatment, keeping cancer patients stress free is really important. Stressing cancer patients can also
lead to developing smoking habits, change in eating habits, consume alcohol, and develop other habits
which is detrimental to their health. Also, studies have shown that cancer tumors will most likely grow
and spread faster if stress increases. Cancer patients can cope with their stress through counseling,
medicine, exercise, or going to support groups.
This article is useful in giving information on how to deal with stress for cancer patients and the
risks that can happen if the patients become stressed. The article explains the stress hormones releasing in
the body and increasing the speed of the spread of cancer and explains how the stress hormones affect the
body. It is also useful because there references to go to for more information on stress and cancer and how
it correlates with one another.
17. Raver, Sylvina M. "Permanent Suppression of Cortical Oscillations in Mice after Adolescent
Exposure to Cannabinoids: Receptor Mechanisms." Permanent Suppression of Cortical
Oscillations in Mice after Adolescent Exposure to Cannabinoids: Receptor Mechanisms
(2014): 161-73. NCBI. Web. 4 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25036610>.
This journal is a study of adolescent mice exposed to cannabinoids and how they reacted to the
drug. Specifically, cortical oscillations, or the brain patterns related to cognitive processing and the
unusual findings in the brain activity for schizophrenia were tested in the the experiment. The scientists
predicted that the substances in cannabinoids will repress the cortical oscillations of the adolescents
brains. Different types of cannabinoids substances were exposed to the mice during the experiment. The
scientists observed the mice patterns during their adolescence and their adulthood and the experiment
concluded that the long term cannabinoid exposure during the mice adolescent years as well as the noncannabinoid receptors in the brain suppressed the normal functionality and the cognitive processing in
their adulthood. Another experiment, WIN-3 was conducted throughout the experiment and the
experimenters found out that WIN-3 experiment affected the cortical oscillations in the brain but did not
affect the non-cannabinoid receptors in the brain.
This journal is useful for advocating and identifying the harms of cannabinoid exposure on
adolescence because it will affect the adolescence in their adulthood. Also, because the experiment was
conducted with large quantities of mice, it validates the experiment and eliminates the Times source
which concluded that cannabis can be used as a medicinal treatment which will subdue the symptoms of
schizophrenia with less side effects. It will also help with the research in order to find the environment
best fitting for the successful treatment for schizophrenics.
18. Sachs, Andrea. "A Memoir of Schizophrenia." Times 27 Aug. 2007: n. pag. Times.
Web. 1 Nov. 2015.
<http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1656592,00.html>.
This article is a memoir and an interview of a schizophrenic, Elyn Saks who fought against
schizophrenia and won. Elyn was a successful Oxford graduate, Yale graduate for law, and University of
California professorship graduate when she was suddenly involuntarily forced to go into a mental hospital
after being diagnosed with schizophrenia. She was reluctant about seeking help after forcefully going into
a mental hospital. Her sense of freedom disappeared; what sprung out of the commotion was hate and
anger. She had many delusions and thoughts of killing others, dropping nuclear bombs inside her head, or
drowning other people. Elyn explains how the medicine, seeking help from the right people, making
friends wisely, and having knowledge of the illness helped her become the person she is today. She is
married and wrote a book called The Center Cannot Hold. She overcame many obstacles in her life that

sought to bring her down; however, they uplifted her into becoming the light and the hope for many
schizophrenic patients.
This article is helpful for learning the life of a schizophrenic person who overcame her illness and
became successful in life. The article motivates people to overcome their own problems and gives an
empowering message that even the lowest times in ones life, one can overcome it and succeed despite the
obstacles that come across ones way. This article refers to other books of authors with schizophrenia and
you can get more information and perspective of different people experiencing different experiences of
schizophrenia.
19. "Schizophrenia in Children." American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, July
2013. Web. 17 Dec. 2015. <http://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/
Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Schizophrenia-In-Children-049.aspx>.
This article is an informational guide about children with an onset of schizophrenic symptoms.
The schizophrenic behaviors in children are different than schizophrenic behaviors seen in adults. The
behaviors of schizophrenia in the children may alter from time to time. They may enjoy outgoing social
relationships and suddenly turn shy. The information states that most symptoms are noticed by the
teachers in the schools. Antidepressant medications, attention deficit hyperactive disorder medications,
mood stabilizers, and anti-anxiety medications are used as part of the treatments in order to subdue the
symptoms of schizophrenic children. However, anti- anxiety medication treatments are rarely taken by
children and are taken only in severe cases of anxiety. Medications must be carefully taken before given
to the schizophrenic child because some medications might not work and the parents should be fully
informed about the medications and the side effects. Many of the treatments can cause weight gain; in
order to balance the weight, the patient must be strictly on a diet and have a strict meal time as well as
having a increased activity time.
This article is useful and helpful to find out about schizophrenia in children and how it is dealt
through medications. The articles talks about different types of medications and how it should be used
and the side effects which come along with the medications. It will help with the research because it
explains that certain medications must be used in extreme cases for young children because the
medications might affect their mental and physical growth.
20. Sernyak, Michael J., M.D. "Association of Diabetes Mellitus with Use of Atypical Neuroleptics in the
Treatment of Schizophrenia." Association of Diabetes Mellitus with Use of Atypical Neuroleptics in the
Treatment of Schizophrenia 159.4 (2002): 561-66. American Journal of Psychiatry. Web. 30 Nov. 2015.
<http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.561>.
This article is an academic journal which explains the correlation between diabetes and the use of
successful atypical medicinal treatments for schizophrenia. An large, age-controlled group of
schizophrenia patients were experimented for the study and concluded that atypical medicinal treatments
were nine percent more likely to get diabetes than typical medicinal treatments. The patients ranged from
large spectrum of successful atypical and typical treatments. Some patients took more than one medicinal
treatment. Atypical treatments are known for fewer side effects and less efficient than typical treatments.
Atypical and typical treatments have different side effects. Atypical treatments leans more to side effects
which lead to diabetes such as weight gain and high level of cholesterol and glucose. Studies also showed
that younger schizophrenic patients are less likely to get diabetes than older patients.
This academic journal is helpful for understanding the other health risks which follows along with the
treatment. The journals results show that typical medicinal treatments are least likely to get diabetes than
atypical medicinal treatments. The journal will help narrow down to the best possible medicinal treatment
for schizophrenics and give more information about drugs and their side effects which will help the

research by narrowing the drug choices of determining which type of drugs are the best treatment for
schizophrenics.
21. Shenton, Martha E. "A Review of MRI Findings in Schizophrenia." Review of MRI
Findings in Schizophrenia: n. pag. NCBI. Web. 7 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812015/>.
This journal is based on the MRI findings of a schizophrenic patients brain in order to find the
abnormalities and differences between a normal brain to a mentally illed brain. Some of the abnormalities
found in the examination of the deceased brain are subtle and small so the scientists decided to use more
advanced tools in order to find more detailed abnormalities within the schizophrenic brain. Ventricular
and third ventricle part of the brain enlarged and the superior temporal gyrus had white and gray part of
the brain that combined and created another abnormality in the brain. Many more abnormalities were
found in the brain and examinations found that the abnormalities can change through the course of the
illness. Different brain regions correspond and react to schizophrenia and functionally corresponded brain
parts are tested in order to find the abnormalities. Additional factors are identified which affects or
triggers the functionality of schizophrenics and one of the factors are stress and neurotoxicity.
This journal will help understand which part of the brain affects the functional behavior and
mental behavior of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. It will also help with identifying which
abnormalities define the severity of the mental illnesses for the patients, It also identifies the possible
triggering factors for the abnormalities. This will help with the research through identifying the problems
and abnormalities in the brain and the triggers of the problems in order to find the most fit environment
and treatment for the patients.
22. Szalavitz, Maia. "Marijuana Compound Treats Schizophrenia with Few Side Effects:
Clinical Trial." Times 30 May 2012: n. pag. Times. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.
<http://healthland.time.com/2012/05/30/
marijuana-compound-treats-schizophrenia-with-few-side-effects-clinical-trial/>.
This article talks about the positive effects marijuanas chemical compound has on schizophrenia.
Scientists conducted an observation where two groups of schizophrenics were given either cannabidiol or
amisulpride, an antipsychotic medication with the least amount of side effects. The two groups and the
scientists did not know which group was given the marijuana or amisulpride. At the end of the four
weeks, both groups were greatly improved in the schizophrenic symptoms; there was no difference in the
positive effect between cannabidiol and amisulpride. However, cannabidiol was seen to not have the
typical side effects that normal antipsychotic drugs have. Amisulpride and other antipsychotic
medications have many side effects and of those being paralyzing the movements of the patients, weight
gain, and diabetes. The CBD, cannabidiol, was proven to have have more positive effect on controlling
and treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia that is really difficult the treat. This new research
gave an opening door to researchers to research more about cannabis and their substances to help
schizophrenics to control their symptoms without many side effects and health risking disorders.
This article is very helpful in promoting new medicinal foundings in order to treat schizophrenics
without jeopardizing their life and functional movements. This is a great article to branch out and find
new findings about cannabis and compare the positions being that marijuana is more effective or not for
the treatments. Research about cannabis being a trigger and a cause factor for schizophrenia and cannabis
being a positive medicinal treatment can be another research to research about.
23. The Voices in My Head. youtube. N.p., 8 Aug. 2013. Web. 1 Nov. 2015.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syjEN3peCJw>.

Ted Talks has had a guest speaker, Eleanor Longden, a schizophrenic person striving to live a
normal life. Eleanors life was perfect all around; she was successful in school and was a role model to
many people around her. She talks about her life as a college student and how her schizophrenia started.
She started to hear voices in her head narrating everything she did and sometimes, the voice became
passive aggressive and frustrated whenever she tried to hide her emotions. She reached out to her friend
about the voices and her friend was horrified and told to her to get help. Eleanor denied her sickness and
refused to get help. She went to the counselor to talk about anxiety and other problems she thought she
had; in reality, those problems were all occurring because of schizophrenia. The voices manipulated
Eleanor into harming herself and others. The delusions, voices, and hallucinations tormented Eleanor that
she continued to harm herself, trying to get the voices out of her head. Eleanor has casted those voices
aside and has made a full recovery. Her psychiatrist, mother, family, and friends all believed that one day
Eleanor would come back to them; her supporters has helped her recovery fully into the life changing
normal person she is able to be today. Eleanor became the beacon of hope and recovery for people who
have schizophrenia.
The video is helpful and empowering for people who are going through schizophrenia like
Eleanor. The video shows Eleanor explaining her life journey through schizophrenia and recovery which
empowers both schizophrenic patients and non-schizophrenia patients into trying their best in their lowest
of times and that recovery is possible. This video is useful for spreading the awareness of schizophrenia
and giving people the hope of recovery for schizophrenia.
24. Why We Choose Suicide. Perf. Mark Henick. YouTube. YouTube, 1 Oct. 2013. Web. 30 Oct.
2015.
This video is a conference talk held by Ted Talks. Mark Henick talks about his life and explains
the feeling and the thought process as a suicidal man. He advocates that being a suicidal person does not
make that person a criminal; that person is mentally ill. Mark Henick explains that as he stood on the
ledge, ready to jump for his death, he stood there for a while because he loved being in control of his
whole, entire life. Then a man who he does not remember saved his life. Mark Henick told the conference
hall that every suicidal person thinks of holding on for another day. He recalls another moment in his life
in eighth grade when he took a kitchen knife up in his throat, ready to attempt suicide when his guidance
counselor jumped at him and wrestled the knife away from him. He states that he saves himself from
suicide every day by recalling and talking about the events that occurred to him. He wants to spread
awareness of this mental illness and continue to advocate for it.
This video is useful and helpful for understanding the situation and the thought process of suicidal people.
It helps reach out to the people dealing with the same thoughts and situation and gives them courage to
stand up for themselves and seek the help that they need. This video also spreads awareness to others
about this mental illness and advocates for the people with suicidal thoughts. It provides the viewers to be
more alertful and seek help for suicidal people. This video can be used as an example for mental illness
patients and how to deal with them.