MHN, I (U), 1
MHN, I (U), 1
MHN, I (U), 1
PREPARED BY
MRS.AKILA.A , M.Sc (N),M.Sc (PSY)
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
INTRODUCTION
Psychiatric nursing can be seen as a
dynamic interplay between the nurse
and the patient, that encompasses ,
knowledge and skilful application of the
concept of behaviour, personality, the
mind, psychopathology and most
importantly, the process of
interpersonal relationship.
DEFINITION
MENTAL HEALTH:
A state of well being in which an individual
realizes his or her own abilities and can
cope up with the normal stressors of life ,
can work productively and is able to make a
contribution towards his or her community.
(WHO)
DEFINITION
MENTAL ILLNESS :
Mental and behavioural disorders are
understood as clinically significant
conditions characterized by alterations in
thinking, mood (emotions)or behaviour
associated with the personal distress and/
impaired functioning.
(WHO,2001)
DEFINITION
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING:
it is a specialized area of nursing practice,
employing theories of human behaviour as it is
a science, and the purposeful use of self as it
is an art, in the diagnosis and treatment of
human responses to actual or potential mental
health problems.
(ANA – 1994).
DEFINITION
PSYCHIATRY:
It is a branch of medicine that deals with the
diagnosis, treatment and prevention of
mental illness.
PERSPECTIVES OF MENTAL
HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH
NURSING:
• The psychiatric nurse must use herself
and her total personality as the main
implementation for an effective care.
• Physical manipulative skills are limited
here, since the nurse meets the patient on
a communication level, social and
recreational activities serve as a bridge to
open communication.
• Psychiatric nursing is comprehensive
nursing care.
• This suggests that acknowledging the
patient as a total person.
• Disease and injury are crisis situations
emotionally and physically. Crisis brings
disorganisation of patient and families.
• Reactions like uncooperativeness,
aggressiveness are common due to crisis.
• Constant stress leads to psychosomatic
disorders.
EVOLUTION OF MENTAL HEALTH
SERVICES AND TREATMENT
• Historically mental illness was viewed as a
demonic possession, the influence of
ancestral spirits, the result of violating a
taboo or neglecting a cultural, ritual and
spiritual condemnation.
• As a result, the mentally ill were often
starved, beaten, burnt, amputated and
tortured in order to make the body an
unsuitable place for the demon.
Gradually, man began the inquest for
scientific knowledge and truth, which can be
traced as follows:
Period of persecution (1552 BC – 1400
AD)
Earlier, treatment of mentally ill depended on
men’s various superstitious beliefs. Patients
with mental illness were avoided, thrown out
of society and beaten up by people. Since
nobody was allowed to interact with them, it
was felt that nursing care was not needed.
Egyptians, Chinese and Greeks believed
that the mental illness was caused by
demons.
They were treated by exorcism (prayer,
Noise making).
Hippocrates stressed that brain pathology
led to mental illness and recommended
marriage for mental illness.
Gradually Man began the quest for scientific
knowledge and the truth.
Period of segregation : (1545 AD – 1800AD)
To prevent the mentally ill patients from
straying into streets they were kept
separately in asylums. In England they were
kept in Bethlam asylum for the first time.
However the living condition was not
suitable for the patients. The aim was to
segregate patients from general public.
Bethlehem Hospital,’Bedlem
Humanitarian period: (1745 AD – 1826AD)
• In Psychosexual Clinic:
- Dhat Syndrome
- Premature ejaculation
- Erectile Impotence
THANK
YOU