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    NT Build 485 (Edition 2)

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    bkollarou9632
    This document provides a summary of the Nordtest method for determining the resistance of aggregates to freezing and thawing with or without salt water. It outlines that samples will undergo 10 freeze-thaw cycles by being cooled to -17.5°C in either pure water or a 1% NaCl solution, and then thawed to 20°C. The proportion of material passing a 1/2 sieve size after the cycles will be evaluated to determine frost resistance. Three individual test specimens between 4-63mm in size will be soaked for 24 hours, subjected to the freeze-thaw cycles controlled by a temperature curve, and then evaluated based on the amount of material passing a sieve to determine their resistance to freezing and th

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    NT Build 485 (Edition 2)

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    bkollarou9632
    547 views6 pages
    This document provides a summary of the Nordtest method for determining the resistance of aggregates to freezing and thawing with or without salt water. It outlines that samples will undergo 10 freeze-thaw cycles by being cooled to -17.5°C in either pure water or a 1% NaCl solution, and then thawed to 20°C. The proportion of material passing a 1/2 sieve size after the cycles will be evaluated to determine frost resistance. Three individual test specimens between 4-63mm in size will be soaked for 24 hours, subjected to the freeze-thaw cycles controlled by a temperature curve, and then evaluated based on the amount of material passing a sieve to determine their resistance to freezing and th

    Original Description:

    Test for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates

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    This document provides a summary of the Nordtest method for determining the resistance of aggregates to freezing and thawing with or without salt water. It outlines that samples will undergo 10 freeze-thaw cycles by being cooled to -17.5°C in either pure water or a 1% NaCl solution, and then thawed to 20°C. The proportion of material passing a 1/2 sieve size after the cycles will be evaluated to determine frost resistance. Three individual test specimens between 4-63mm in size will be soaked for 24 hours, subjected to the freeze-thaw cycles controlled by a temperature curve, and then evaluated based on the amount of material passing a sieve to determine their resistance to freezing and th

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    547 views6 pages

    NT Build 485 (Edition 2)

    Uploaded by

    bkollarou9632
    This document provides a summary of the Nordtest method for determining the resistance of aggregates to freezing and thawing with or without salt water. It outlines that samples will undergo 10 freeze-thaw cycles by being cooled to -17.5°C in either pure water or a 1% NaCl solution, and then thawed to 20°C. The proportion of material passing a 1/2 sieve size after the cycles will be evaluated to determine frost resistance. Three individual test specimens between 4-63mm in size will be soaked for 24 hours, subjected to the freeze-thaw cycles controlled by a temperature curve, and then evaluated based on the amount of material passing a sieve to determine their resistance to freezing and th

    Copyright:

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    of 6

    NORDTEST METHOD

    NT BUILD 485

    TEST FOR THERMAL AND WEATHERING PROPERTIES OF


    AGGREGATES:
    DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO FREEZING AND
    THAWING WITH/WITHOUT SALT
    Key words: Frost resistance test, aggregate, freeze resistance, thaw resistance,
    salt water, fresh water, test method

    CONTENTS

    FOREWORD

    Foreword

    Scope

    Normative references

    Definitions

    Principle

    Apparatus

    Sampling

    Test specimens

    Procedure

    Calculation and expression of results

    10 Test Report

    Precision (informative)

    Nordic Innovation Centre


    Stensberggata 25
    NO-0170 OSLO
    Norway

    The revision and combination of the standards NT


    BUILD 485 and EN 1367-1 has led to the following
    fundamental alterations:
    1. The samples are tested in either pure de-ionised
    water or 1% solution of NaCl in de-ionised water.
    The same requirements in the product standards
    do not apply.
    2. The thawing out sequence is controlled either by air
    circulation or water circulation in the cabinet to
    obtain the correct temperature of the reference
    sample.
    The frost resistance of the aggregate is determined by
    subjecting it to the cyclic action of freezing and
    thawing. The freeze-thaw resistance of aggregate, as
    measured by the proportion of undersize passing the
    size sieve as sieved from the test portion, is
    considered separately for each portion and then
    expressed as a mean % by mass.

    Telephone +47 47 61 44 00
    Fax +47 22 56 55 65
    info@nordicinnovation.net
    www.nordicinnovation.net

    ISSN: 14592762
    Project: 04014 (1624-03)

    NT BUILD 485
    Edition 2
    Approved 2004-11

    1(6)

    NORDTEST METHOD

    SCOPE

    This European Standard specifies a test method to assess


    the frost resistance of aggregates when it is subjected to the
    cyclic action of freezing and thawing. In areas where
    frequent freeze-thaw cycling occurs and seawater sprays or
    de-icers are abundant it is more apropriate to use a 1%
    solution of NaCl in de-ionised water instead of pure deionised water.
    The test is applicable to aggregates having a particle size
    between 4 mm and 63 mm.

    NORMATIVE REFERENCES

    This European Standard incorporates by dated or by


    undated reference, provisions from other publications.
    These normative references are cited at the appropriate
    places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter.
    For dated references, subsequent amendments to or
    revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
    Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
    revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the
    publication referred to applies.
    EN 932-1

    Tests for general properties of aggregates. Part


    1: Methods for sampling.

    EN 932-2 Tests for general properties of aggregates.


    Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory
    samples.
    EN 932-5

    Tests for general properties of aggregates. Part


    5: Common equipment and calibration.

    EN 933-2

    Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.


    Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution
    Test sieves, nominal size of apertures.

    EN 1097-2 Tests for mechanical and physical properties of


    aggregates. Part 2: Methods for the determination of the resistance to fragmentation.

    NT BUILD 485

    NOTE: In many cases constant mass can be achieved after a


    test portion has been dried for a pre-determined period in a
    specified oven at (110 5) C. Test laboratories can
    determine the time required to achieve constant mass for
    specific types and sizes of samples dependent upon the
    drying capacity of the oven used.

    PRINCIPLE

    Test portions of single sized aggregates, having been


    soaked in pure water or 1% NaCl solution at atmospheric
    pressure for 24 h, are subjected to 10 freeze-thaw cycles.
    This involves cooling to 17,5 C under water or in the salt
    solution and then thawing to 20 C.

    APPARATUS

    5.1

    All apparatus, unless otherwise stated, shall


    conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5.

    5.2

    ventilated drying oven, with forced circulation of


    adequate capacity. The oven shall be capable of being
    controlled at (110 5) C.

    5.3

    balance, with an accuracy of 0,1 g, of adequate

    capacity.

    5.4
    low temperature cabinet, (upright or chest) with
    air circulation. The cabinet shall be automatically controlled
    to adhere to the temperature curve shown in Figure 1. The
    sample temperature in the thawing out phase can be
    controlled either by air circulation or immersion of sample
    cans in a 20C water bath. A manual method of control may
    be used, provided the correct cooling curve, as shown in
    Figure 1, is adhered to. In the case of a dispute, the
    automatic control shall be used.
    5.5

    DEFINITIONS

    For the purposes of this standard the following definitions


    apply.

    3.1

    Test specimen

    Sample used in a single determination when a test method


    requires more than one determination of a property.

    3.2

    Laboratory sample

    Reduced sample derived from a bulk sample for laboratory


    testing.

    3.3

    cans, made from seamless drawn or welded


    corrosion-resistant sheet metal, with a thickness of about
    0,6 mm, having a nominal capacity of 2000 mL, an internal
    diameter of 120 mm to 140 mm, and an internal height of
    170 mm to 220 mm are suitable. Cans shall be covered by
    suitable lids.
    For lightweight aggregates (LWA), cans shall be suitably
    ballasted.

    5.6

    test sieves, conforming to EN 932-1.

    5.7

    Pure de-ionised water or 1% NaCl solution,


    made by mixing 20,0 g of NaCl of analytical grade in deionised water and making up to a volume of 2 litres. If this
    is insufficient, prepare additional solution at the same
    concentration.

    Constant mass

    Successive weighings after drying at least 1 h apart not


    differing by more than 0,1%

    SAMPLING

    Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 932-1.

    NORDTEST METHOD

    NT BUILD 485

    TEST SPECIMENS

    7.1

    General

    the water or solution covering the test portions by at least 10


    mm for the full 24 h period of soaking.

    Three individual test specimens shall be used. The test


    specimens shall be obtained in accordance with EN 932-2
    by sample reduction from production single sized
    aggregates from which oversized and undersized
    aggregates have been removed.
    NOTE: If it is intended to carry out a strength test after the
    freeze-thaw cyclic loading, this test should be performed on
    an appropriate grading sieved out from the laboratory
    sample, in accordance with EN 1097-6.
    In order to do this, a laboratory sample should be taken of
    twice the mass required for the strength test, plus an
    allowance for waste. This laboratory sample should then be
    split into two approximately equal parts. The first part should
    be used for the strength and density tests, without being
    subjected to the freeze thaw cycling, and the second part
    should be subjected to the freeze-thaw cyclic test.

    7.2

    Size of test specimens

    8.2

    Exposure to freezing under water or NaCl


    solution

    Check that the water or salt solution level in each can is still
    at least 10 mm above the top of the test portion and place
    the lids on the cans. Place the covered cans containing the
    test portions in the cabinet, ensuring that the heat is
    extracted from them as uniformly as possible from all sides.
    The distance between adjacent cans and the sidewalls of
    the cabinet shall be not less than 50 mm and the cans shall
    not be touching.
    The samples in the cabinet shall then be subjected to a
    series of 10 freeze-thaw cycles as follows:
    a) the temperature at the centre of a can, filled with
    aggregate and water or NaCl solution as specified in 8.2
    and situated in the centre of the cooled area, shall be the
    reference measuring point of temperature.

    The preferred size fraction shall be within the range 8 mm to


    16 mm, but if required, any of the sizes listed inTable 1 can
    be used. The quantities for each of the three individual test
    specimens are given in Table 1, and deviations of 5% are
    permissible.

    b) the cabinet shall be controlled so that the temperature


    follows a cooling curve inside the limits as shown in
    Figure 1;

    Table 1. Test specimens required for the freeze-thaw cyclic


    test.

    d) the temperature shall then be reduced from (0 to 1) C


    to (17,5 2,5) C in (180 30) min;

    Aggregate
    size
    mm

    Mass or volume of aggregate required


    Normal aggregate
    g

    48
    816
    1632
    3263
    1)

    Lightweight aggregate
    (bulk volume)
    ml

    1000
    2000
    40001)
    60001)

    500
    1000
    1500

    Additional cans will be necessary

    c) the temperature shall fall from (20 3) C to (0 to 1) C


    in (150 30) minutes, and shall then remain at (0 to
    1) C for (210 30) min;

    e) the temperature shall then be held at (17,5 2,5) for a


    minimum of 240 min;
    f) at no stage shall the sample temperature fall below
    22 C;
    g) after the completion of each freezing cycle the cans shall
    be thawed to (20 3) C;
    h) after the completion of each thawing phase the cans
    may be held at (20 3) C for a maximum of 10 h. Each
    freeze-thaw cycle shall be completed within 24 h.
    i)

    7.3

    Preparation of test specimens

    The test specimens shall be washed and adherent particles


    removed. They shall be dried to constant mass at (110 5)
    C, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and weighed
    immediately (M1).

    25
    20

    For lightweight aggregates, dry to constant mass.

    Aggregates up to 16 mm size, to 0,2 g;


    Aggregates above 16 mm size, to 0,5 g.

    15

    Temperature, C

    Weighing shall be carried out to the following accuracies:

    if it is necessary to interrupt the test during the freezing


    cycle or when under manual control the cans shall
    remain in the cabinet at (17,5 2,5) C. A total
    interruption of up to 72 h is permitted.

    10
    5
    0
    -5
    -1 0
    -1 5

    PROCEDURE

    8.1

    Soaking

    The test specimens prepared in accordance with 7.3 shall


    be stored at atmospheric pressure for (24 1) h in the cans
    specified in 5.5 at (20 3) C, in water or 1% NaCl solution,

    -2 0
    -2 5
    0

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    22

    24

    T im e , h o u r s

    Figure 1. Temperature curve with tolerance limits in the


    centre of the filled can (reference measuring point) located
    in the middle of the cabinet.

    NORDTEST METHOD

    NT BUILD 485

    8.3
    On completion of the tenth cycle, empty each can
    into a suitable container, and wash thoroughly by hand with
    water. Dry each test specimen to constant mass and sieve
    on a test sieve having an aperture size that is half the lower
    size sieve used to prepare the test portion (e.g. of 4 mm
    aperture size when testing 816 mm sample). Cool the
    sample to ambient temperature and weigh immediately (M2).

    10.1 Sampling method if known, and marking, type and


    origin of the laboratory samples.

    10.2 Shape, size, grading and number of laboratory


    samples.

    CALCULATION AND EXPRESSION OF


    RESULTS

    9.1

    Calculate the undersize of the three test specimens,


    weigh and express the mass obtained as a percentage of
    the mass of the individual and the combined test specimens.

    9.2

    Calculate the result of the freeze-thaw test (F) in


    accordance with the following equation:

    10

    TEST REPORT

    The test report shall refer to this Standard and contain the
    following information:

    10.3 Visual observations of the aggregate retained on the


    specified sieve. Any unusual disintegration of the aggregate
    retained on the sieve shall be reported.
    10.4

    Result of the freeze-thaw test, F expressed to the


    nearest 0,1% by mass and a clear statement on whether the
    testing was performed in pure water or 1% NaCl solution.

    F = [(M1 M2)/M1]X100
    where
    M1 is the initial dry mass of the three test specimens before
    cycling, in grams;
    M2 is the final dry mass of the three test specimens after
    cycling, that is retained on the specified sieve, in grams;
    F is the percentage loss in mass of the three test
    specimens after freeze-thaw cycling.
    NOTE: A statement on the precision of this test is given in the
    Appendix.

    10.5

    Date of report and name of test laboratory.

    NORDTEST METHOD

    NT BUILD 485
    APPENDIX

    APPENDIX: PRECISION (informative)


    The precision data below is the result of the Nordtest project
    NT 1624-03, Frost resistance test on aggregates with and
    without salt (FRAS).
    The repeatability standard deviation for the pure water
    method:
    sr = 0,167X + 0,007
    The reproducibility standard deviation for the pure water
    method:
    sR = 0,580X + 0,070
    The repeatability standard deviation for the salt-water
    method:
    sr = 0,048X + 0,215
    The reproducibility standard deviation for the salt-water
    method:
    SR = 0,676X + 0,674
    The results were interpreted in accordance with ISO 572594. Precision of test methods Determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test method by interlaboratory tests.

    Return address:
    Nordic Innovation Centre,
    Stensberggata 25
    NO-0170 Oslo, Norway

    NORDTEST
    NORDTEST is a Nordic Innovation Centre
    brand offering competence and expertice
    in the field of harmonizing of norms and
    methods,a large Nordic net-work of experts,
    more than 650 recommended Nordic testing
    methods and 550 published technical reports.
    www.nordicinnovation.net

    Nordic Innovation Centre


    The Nordic Innovation Centre initiates and finances
    activities that enhance innovation collaboration and
    develop and maintain a smoothly functioning market in
    the Nordic region.
    The Centre works primarily with small and mediumsized companies (SMEs) in the Nordic countries. Other
    important partners are those most closely involved with
    innovation and market surveillance, such as industrial
    organisations and interest groups, research institutions
    and public authorities.
    The Nordic Innovation Centre is an institution under the
    Nordic Council of Ministers. Its secretariat is in Oslo.
    For more information: www.nordicinnovation.net

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