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Mech 3
Mech 3
ABSTRACT:
Earlier the use of air-conditioning for comfort
purpose was considered a luxurious but now-a-day, it
has been a necessity in extreme climatic conditions,
such as extreme cold and hot in western countries.
Window air conditioners are preferred for office
rooms while large centralized units are installed for
conditioning the auditorium, hospitals etc. The
correct estimation of cooling load of an auditorium is
very complicated due to many factors such as
outdoor temperature, humidity, air leakage into the
conditioned space, occupants, quantity of fresh air
taken in and solar load etc. The authors have
calculated cooling load, quantity of supply air (in
cmm) of an auditorium using CLTD method which is
more accurate. Equal friction method is adopted to
design the duct which is simple as compared with the
other duct design methods . Using CFD software,
analysis of air flow considering velocity and pressure
is done in main duct and in elbow. The authors
concluded that the combine effect of proper duct
design method & CFD could be used to achieve
proper air distribution inside the auditorium with
minimum pressure loss, running cost & energy
consumption have calculated cooling load, quantity
of supply air (in cmm) of an auditorium using CLTD
method which is more accurate. Equal friction
method is adopted to design the duct which is simple
as compared with the other duct design methods .
Using CFD software, analysis of air flow considering
velocity and pressure is done in main duct and in
elbow. The authors concluded that the combine effect
of proper duct design method & CFD could be used
to achieve proper air distribution inside the
auditorium with minimum pressure loss, running cost
& energy consumption
Keywords- duct ,equal friction, CLTD,Cooling Load,CFD
INTRODUCTION
Without A/C system, person working in industry is
feeling unhealthy, uncomfortable and inefficient. In
order to achieve required cooling load, proper
method is required. Proper air distribution is achieved
with proper duct design which leads minimum losses
in the system, suitable selection of fan with high
efficiency, optimum air velocity in duct, inlet and
outlet of fan. Today some softwares are available to
estimate cooling load, to design the duct, to select the
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1.
No. of doors
2. No. of windows
: 9
1
: 8
3. No. of Chairs:
Dress circle
704
Balcony
202
Total
906
4. Equipments : Total item having 11.78 KW
DESIGN CONDITIONS
1. Latitude of Pune
: 186 North.
2. Design Day
: 25th May.
(Max. temperature during last week of may, from last
5 years data.)
3. Outside conditions
: DBT = 38 C
(Outdoor)
RH= 50%
4. Indoor conditions
: DBT = 22
RH= 55%
5. Daily range (DR)
: 10
6. Time
: 4:00 pm
7. Average outside temperature on design day
Ta= To - (DR/2)= 38 - (10/2) = 91.6 F
TOTAL COOLING LOAD
Total = QS + QL = 2.55 + 4.54 = 7.09 kW
Total sensible load on cooling coil = 248132.64 W
Total latent load on cooling coil = 276989.83 W
Therefore, Total cooling coil load = 525122.47 W
Therefore,Refrigeration load =525.122/3.516=150TR
Safety factor of 5% due to duct heat gain
Therefore,
Cooling load = 157.5 TR 160 TR
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Branch A
From main duct to first supply outlet, Flow rate = 2.5
m3 / s = 5390 CFM
Pf = 0.04 mm H2O /m = 0.4 N /m2/m
Recommended branch duct Velocity = 4.5 m/s
So from friction chart of duct
Diameter of duct = D = 32" = 0.8128 m
For rectangular duct, a / b = 1.3
D=1.3(a*b)0.625/(a+b)0.25
From this equation, we get a = 0.85 m b= 0.65 m
CFD Analysis:
Duct design is done using equal friction method.
For CFD analysis, Fluent 6.1 software is used.
Gambit 2.0 is used for modeling the main duct and
elbow. Geometry and meshing is carefully done in
Gambit. Pressure and velocity variations are observed
in this analysis. Eddies observed in elbow are due to
improper shape and velocity. All figures from
geometry, boundary condition to eddy are given here.
This CFD tool can be used for a whole building to
analyze air pressure and velocity fluctuation in all
ducts
RESULT ANALYSIS
The result analysis is based on duct design of
auditorium and existing plant. Comparison among
these plants can be made with some points.
I) Duct size: To design the duct in an auditorium
calculation of cooling load and air flow rate is done.
By assuming suitable air velocity (from 1967 systems
and equipment ASHRAE Handbook) considering
noise factor, calculation of main duct is done. Then
size of rectangular duct is calculated considering
minimum aspect ratio.
So maximum care is taken to apply standard rules to
design the system. Variation occurred in some points
are given below
Sr. Points
No.
1
Capacity
of plant
Ducts
Plant 1
Plant 2
Auditorium
100 TR
100 TR
160 TR
Three main
One main
Three main
ducts
ducts
ducts
1.24m *
Main
1.2 m* 0.9
1.62 m *
Duct size
1.21m
0.95m
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the
3)
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