Rawang Grammar (Kàrutóng) by Peter Yintv̀ng
Rawang Grammar (Kàrutóng) by Peter Yintv̀ng
Rawang Grammar (Kàrutóng) by Peter Yintv̀ng
RVWA NG KA RUTONG
Rvwang grammar
TIQ TUT
(Chapter One)
Xnka Mvtu 10 Dang (Ten parts of speech)
I. Zngt (Noun): Rvwang kataq zngt nvng sing d vn dang vwal lvm vlle.
a. Zngme (Proper Noun): Zngme n vsvng angg bng, mongdan bng
nvng wama gvbar bng d rsvng wae.
Kaxvbong: Vpong, Bez, Yangon, Newyork, Thailand wad we bngr
n zngme n, garcang pvng n vru rae.
b. Zngse (Common Noun): Zngse n xwanvng ken vl we dvrero bng
tiqmaq n, zcang pvng n vru rae. Iwe, kayan pvngxyvng n garcvng
lvng rae.
Kaxvbong: xvla, nvm, kwrnip, t, rvme, xng, long, nga, sa, wad we
bngr n zngse e.
II. Zngle (Pronoun): Zngle n bng mvdng long malvngxaq, bng mvdng
tvle lango we zngsvng wae.
Kaxvbong: nga, na, ang, wa we zngr n bng mvdng n m, zngle e.
Ing vtoq vtipdaq ke n zngle yar gvza lvng dvnge.
III. Zngral (Declension): Rvwang kataq zngral yalong n vtvngxaq zm dvng
we tiqlong n, karutong (grammar) taq malvng mvdaq we tiqlong e. Zngme,
zngse nvng zngle xvngbetaq lvng rae. Vra, zng nvng wao bvnl xvngbe vzm
we tvra dvtanoe.
Kaxvbong: Vd wa bng n yadvng dangsvng tuq d vral n xn xvlae.
a. Zng dang xnka: Vd n mvgam e. Subjective nominative
b. Zng wao bvnlka: Vd xvtba. Predicate nominative
c. Zng n angkang we: Vdo ka go e. Genitive of possession
d. Zng n vlxra we: Vdyvng lega vlle. Dative of location
e. Zngsvng dvtuqo ka: Vdsvng xvwaqba. Accusative
f. Zngsvng dvzvng ka: Vdkaq ewaxra. persuasive
j. Zngsvng go ka: Vde, natvngrae. Vocative
Mvzng: Yad zngsvng lango we dang vralo we n Greek, Latin, Hindi nvng
Hebrew kartaq vlle. Iwe, Asia ka tekaqtaq n yad we mavl rvt xa rvzaq
n, sngral yvk we tiq xvle vlle.
Notes: Subjective Nominative: A noun that has a subjective complement of a
linking verb is called Subjective Nominative.
Predicate Nominative: A noun that has a predicate complement of an
action verb is called Predicate Nominative.
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A ngg dang (person) : Rvwang kataq angg dang pnna lvm vlle. Inglik kataq:
1st person wa long n metiqg dangsvng tvnuo ka e. Metiqg n
nga, ngan, ngamaq, wa d we znglesvng wae.
2nd person, meng n, na, nan, namaq, wa d we znglesvng
wae.
3rd person, mexmg n ang, angn, angmaq, mni dvre bng d
we znglesvng wae.
1stnd person = 1mt g (metiqg) vde nvng sing dang
2rd person = 2mn g (meng) na nvng sing dang
3 person = 3mx g (mexmg) ang nvng sing dang
Mvzng: Zngraltaq, zngme, zngse nvng zngle ya vxmpvn dang vral we tvra
vbonge. Iwe, lega angcvng dvhm lvm n ryvngsvng sano n vlngxaoe.
Ing, svnx jorg dvpvt n mvzngx lvm kadvngte mvyvk. Ryvng wa
ka n tiqg, vng, mni vxmg mvdvm we mvxvlpvrasvng wae.
IV. Dvzvngka (Adjective): Dvzvngkasvng vxan we: (In
ection of Adjectives) .
Dvzvngka yalong n zngt dang dvtan we ka n, zngt n kad we
tvrasvng gungo n dvta we e. Wervtn naq, mvxe, mung nvng dvrvt, wa we
kar n dvzvngkar e. A ngg ryvng dang sano n angcvng xvrvm g vlng
xaoe.
Kaxvbong: naq (to be black)
singular dual plural
1st naknge naqxe naqe
2nd enaqe enaqxe enaqnnge
3rd naqe naqe naqe
1st nakngvmma naqvmxa naqvmxa
2nd enaqam enaqvmxa enaqvmnng
3rd naqam naqam naqam
1 nakbnga
st
naqbxa naqbxa
2nd enaqb enaqbxa enaqbxa
3rd naqb naqb naqb
1st nakdvrra naqdvrxa naqdvrxa
2nd enaqdar enaqdvrxa enaqdvrnng
3rd naqdar naqdar naqdar
1 nakngvpma naqvpxa
st
naqvpxa
2nd enaqapm enaqvpxa enaqvpnng
3rd naqapm naqapm naqapm
1 nakyvnga
st
naqyvngxa naqyvngxa
2nd enaqyang enaqyvngxa enaqyvngnng
3rd naqyang naqyang naqyang
Mvzng: Dvzvngka g bvnlka d vxer xvlae. Wervt dvzvngka nvng bvnlka mabe
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lvm rvt vyax rae. Rvwang kataq dvzvngka n bvnlka d vxer xvla rvt
Inglik kataq n, Verbal Adjective, wa n t xvlae.
V. Bvnlka (Verb): Bvnlkasvng vxer we: (Conjugation of Verbs) . Rvwang ka n
dvga Asia ka mvme nvng mabong d vxer ra we mvme dang vlle. Yalong n
ewao bvnl dang rvt nvng xin n dvta we rvt, (tense or time aspect) lano we
rvt rvdoq long n dvgapvn ka nvng bvttut vxayye. Bvnlka n vxm dang vwal
xvlae.
a. Rannt Bvnlka: Bvnlka tiqmaq n zng dang xnka g m, h wvr
nonggwn dvtx we g m, we nnt nvng vgo mvs lango n wao we vlle.
Yad we bvnlkar n, vya, yum, dvdvm, nnt, xong, wa d we bvnlkar
n, rannt bvnl (Non-action Verb) ie.
Kaxvbong: Dvdvm think
singular dual plural
1st Nga dvdvmmoe. Ngan dvdvmxoe. Nngmaq dvdame.
2nd Na dedamoe. Nan dedvmxoe. Namaq dedvmnnge.
3rd A ng dvdamoe. A ngn dvdamoe. A ngmaq dvdamoe.
Mvzng: Bvnlka n narulungo ke dvbong luq vtvng e. Iwe, yayvng n kaxvbongse
wa dvtan we ie. Mepvng n tmpntmprang dvtan lvm laq. (Looks like
Rvwang verbs don't have actual tense but time aspect only).
b. Nonggwn Bvnlka: Vsvng tiqg h, wvr mni dvm lango n wao we
bvnlka n nonggwn bvnlka (Action Verb) n, ne yvngx d kang vkang
we bvnlka e.
Kaxvbong: Vm eat.
singular dual plural
1st Nga vmpa vmme. Ngan vmpa vmxe. Nngmaq vmpa ame.
2nd Na vmpa evmme. Nan vmpa evmxe. Namaq vmpa evmnnge.
3rd A ng vmpa vmme. A ngn vmpa vmme. A ngmaq vmpa vmme.
c. Zng dang xn we Bvnlka (verb to be).
Kaxvbong: verb to be,
singular dual plural
1st Nga ngae. Ngan xe. Nngmaq xae.
2nd Na ee. Nan exe. Namaq ennge.
3rd A ng e. A ngn e. A ngmaq e.
VI. Bvnlgung (Adverb): Bvnlgung n bvnl dang gungo n dvtaka rvt, kadwa
wao dang xa dvzvr we ka e. Wervt bvnlgungkar n, naqnaqse, tiqdvxaq,
watwat, mvhntmvhe, wa d we kar e.
Kaxvbong:
• Vd n naqnaqse die.
• Vpung tiqdvxaq waba.
• Vnvng g watwat die.
• Vpi mvhntmvhe wao ke giqba.
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VNI TUT
(Chapter two)
ZNGR A L DANG
(Declension of Nouns)
A. A ngmacvngla kmo we zngr vral we: (Declension of Nouns ending with
vowels)
I
E V U
A O
Vpi singular dual plural
1. Vpi Vpin Vpimaq Zng dang xnka
2. Vpi Vpin Vpimaq Zng wao bvnlka
3. Vpio Vpino Vpimaqo Zng n angkang we
4. Vpiyvng Vpinyvng Vpimaqyvng Zng n vlxra we
5. Vpisvng Vpinsvng Vpimaqsvng Zngsvng dvtuqoka
6. Vpia,e Vpina,e Vpimaqa,e Zngsvng goka
Vpe singular dual plural
1. Vpe Vpen Vpemaq Zng dang xnka
2. Vpe Vpen Vpemaq Zng wao bvnlka
3. Vpeo Vpeno Vpemaqo Zng n angkang we
4. Vpeyvng Vpenyvng Vpemaqyvng Zng n vlxra we
5. Vpesvng Vpensvng Vpemaqsvng Zngsvng dvtuqoka
6. Vpea,e Vpena,e Vpemaqa,e Zngsvng goka
Toma singular dual plural
1. Toma Toman Tomamaq Zng dang xnka
2. Toma Toman Tomamaq Zng wao bvnlka
3. Tomao Tomano Tomamaqo Zng n angkang we
4. Tomayvng Tomanyvng Tomamaqyvng Zng n vlxra we
5. Tomasvng Tomansvng Tomamaqsvng Zngsvng dvtuqoka
6. Tomaa,e Tomana,e Tomamaqa,e Zngsvng goka
Vd singular dual plural
1. Vd Vdn Vdmaq Zng dang xnka
2. Vd Vdn Vdmaq Zng wao bvnlka
3. Vdo Vdno Vdmaqo Zng n angkang we
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TUT
VXM
(Chapter three)
DVZV NGKA RISV NG VXA N WE
(In
ection of Adjectives)
Rvwang kataq dvzvngkar (Adjectives) g wedni vxan n vxer rae. Iwe,
dvzvngkarsvng naxandaqo ke, vxan we mvtu n zngtrsvng vral we nvng mabong;
bvnlkarsvng vxer we nvng le vbonge. Wervt n dvzvngkar n bvnlkar o mabe
lvm rvt mvng vyax rae. Wervt dvzvngka n Inglik kataq, Verbal Adjective, wa n t
xvlae.
A. Angmacang vkm we dvzvngka (adjective) vzvng vxan rae.
i
e v u
a o
Dvzvngka (Adjectives):
k = to be sweet dvjiq = to be slim
vke = to be bald keq = to be hard
ka = to be bitter paq = to taste bitter
t = to be short tq = to be fat as a pig
dvbu = to be happy vsuq = to be upside down
dvho = to be rough dvgoq = to be crooked
K = to be sweet, wa longtaq zngkm eyino kvt n zng vpovmme. Welongsvng
g zng d vral xvlae. Iwe yayvng n xini maral lvm e. Zng vpovm we n vb
dang vlle.
Kaxvbong: • kpe masculine anggu
• km e feminine angma
• kl
ong neuter dvhram, dvre
• kg neuter vsvng
singular dual plural
1 knge
st
kxe ke
2nd eke ekxe eknnge
3rd ke ke ke
1st kngvmma kvmxa kvmxa
2nd ekam ekvmxa ekvmnng
3rd kam kam kam
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VBI TUT
(Chapter four)
BV NLIKA VXE R WE
(Conjugation of Verbs)
Rvwang kataq bvnlka dang vxer lvm vxm xvle vlle. We xvle n we xvle xoxo
naxeron n yad e.
A. Zng dang dvta we rmgungka, (bvnlkasvng) n Inglik kataq, verb to be, aloe.
Bvnlkataq n (tense) rvt rvdoq long vkrvknge.
Kaxvbong: Rmgungka `' (verb to be) wa ka naxeron n yad e.
Kar
lv
dv
singular dual plural
st xe xae
1 ngae
2nd ee exe ennge
3rd e e e
1st ngvmma vmxa vmxa
2nd eam evmxa evmnng
3rd am am am
1st ngdvrra dvrxa dvrxa
2nd edar edvrxa edvrnng
3rd dar dar dar
1st ngvpma vpxa vpxa
2nd eapm evpxa evpnng
3rd apm apm apm
1st ngyvnga yvngxa yvngxa
2nd eyang eyvngxa eyvngnng
3rd yang yang yang
1 laqng
st
laqx laqxa
2nd leq leqx leqnng
3rd laq laq laq
1st laqnglong laqlongx laqlung
2nd leqlong leqlongx leqlongnng
3rd laqlong laqlong laqlong
1 laqngdak laqdaqx laqdaq
st
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2 naxvtdaqx naxvtdaqnng
3 laqvxvtdaq laqvxvtdaq
2 naxvtrax naxvtranng
3 laqvxvtra laqvxvtra
2 naxvtnvmx naxvtnvmnng
3 laqvxvtnvm laqvxvtnvm
Verb Root 2. Di to walk, to go
singular dual plural
1 st
dnge dxe de
2nd ede edxe ednnge
3rd die die die
1st dngbnga dbxa dbxa
2nd edb edbxa edbnng
3rd db db db
1st dngdvrra ddvrxa ddvrxa
2nd eddar eddvrxa eddvrnng
3rd ddar ddar ddar
1st dngvpma dvpxa dvpxa
2nd edapm edvpxa edvpnng
3rd dapm dapm dapm
1st dngyvnga dyvngxa dyvngxa
2nd edyang edyvngxa edyvngnng
3rd dyang dyang dyang
1st dngvmme dvmxe dame
2nd edvmme edvmxe edvmnnge
3rd divmme divmme divmme
1st dngvmma dvmxa dvmxa
2nd edam edvmxa edvmnng
3rd diam diam diam
1st dngrange draxe drae
2nd edrae edraxe edrannge
3rd dirae dirae dirae
1st dngranga draxa draxa
2nd edra edraxa edranng
3rd dra dra dra
1st dnglonge dlongxe dlunge
2nd edilonge edlongxe edlongnnge
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NGWA TUT
PU
(Chapter Five)
A nggu cvng mvzuq kmo karsvng vxer we
Rvwang karutaq anggucvngla nvng angmacvngla kmo we wa mvtaq anggu
mvzuq we -nt, -nk, nvng -mp cvngla kmo we g vlle. Wecvngla kmo we
kaxvbongrsvng vxer lvm e. A nggu -nt long n tiqkvtkvt -n cvng rvlx n -t cang
wa xvnamo we svng mexeo.
A. -nt cang kmo we, nnt to think of or to miss
singular dual plural
1st nntnoe nntxoe ntne
2nd entnoe enntxoe enntnnge
3rd ntnoe ntnoe ntnoe
1st nntbnga nntbxa nntbxa
2nd enntba enntbxa enntbnng
3rd nntba nntba nntba
1 nntdvrra
st
nntdvrxa nntdvrxa
2nd enntdara enntdvrxa enntdvrnng
3rd nntdara nntdara nntdara
1st nntnvpma nntnvpxa nntnvpxa
2nd enntnapma enntnvpxa enntnvpnng
3rd nntnapma nntnapma nntnapma
1 nntyvnga
st
nntyvngxa nntyvngxa
2nd enntyanga enntyvngxa enntyvngnng
3rd nntyanga nntyanga nntyanga
1 nntnvmma
st
nntnvmxa nntnvmxa
2nd enntnam enntnvmxa enntnvmnng
3rd nntnam nntnam nntnam
1 nntdaknga
st
nntdaqxa nntdaqxa
2nd enntdaqa enntdaqxa enntdaqnng
3rd nntdaqa nntdaqa nntdaqa
1st nntlonga nntlongxa nntlongxa
2nd enntlunga enntlongxa enntlongnng
3rd nntlunga nntlunga nntlunga
1 nntranga
st
nntraxa nntraxa
2nd enntra enntraxa enntranng
3rd nntra nntra nntra
1 nntxnge
st
nntxxe nntxae
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VCUQ TUT
(Chapter Six)
A ngmacvngla vpovm we
(Vowel Shift)
Rvwangkataq angmacvngla n pox xaoe. Wervt n angmacvngpo (Vowel Shift)
wa n bng t xvlae. A ngmacvngla n, i - , v - a, u - o, o - aw vpovmme. Yad
vpovm we n Zngtaq g, Dvzvngkataq g, vra Bvnlkataq g yvngxe.
A. Zngtaq angmacvngpo vl we: Rvwang karutong xvla wa detpmon n, Zngtaq
vba we angmacvng `o' n `u', `v' n `a', vpovm we yvngxe.
Kaxvbong n Zngt, Vpong, Vdvng wa we ya bng vncvngsvng naraldaqo
ke xaxe.
1. Vpong n paqz xa we tiqpe e.
2. Vpung n mongsvng mp lvm paqz gvza xaoe.
3. Vdvng n p la mvdaq we taxe.
4. Vdang n p gvza lunba, wae.
B. Dvzvngkataq g angmacvngpo vlle. Xvla wa detmplungo ke, `v' n `a', `i' n
`', vpovm we xaxe.
Kaxvbong n, `vnvp' nvng `k ' wa cvngnsvng naxano ke xaxe.
1. Rvwangmela g vnvp we vsoqe.
2. A ngmaq mvze wa we, Rvwangmela te vnapme, wae.
3. Vd, Vpongo ka n kwat d ke, wa xvgunoe.
4. Vpong n, ka kng d nnt g xvlange, wa xvgunxe.
C. A ngmacvngpo luq we n bvnlkataq e. Bvnlkataq, `i' n `', `u' n `o', `v' n
`a', `o' n `aw' vpovm we vlle.
Kaxvbong:
1. Nga n Putaosvng d lvm wvng we xini mvdng. Yayvng `' cvng n `i'
cvng we `' vpoam. Wervt di n dng vpoam we e.
2. Vd cm tu lvm exok rvt n tvrung tongoe. Yayvng `tu' wacvngtaq vl
we `u'n tongoe wa cvngyvng n `o' vpoam.
3. Xng to nvng dngvma n tiq lng dvn tawngvtna. Yayvng n angma
angxvr tiq cvng rvmx d e. Dar n `aw' wa cvng vl we ng karutongtaq
malvngxaq yang. Iwe `o' nvng `aw' mabong we n svkse mvme vlle.
Kaxvbong:
a. Nga n rvma tvra tongxnge.
b. Nga n lngtaq xng tawngxnge; na n metox.
c. Nga lawnglonga ke, Vd g ngam wa lora.
d. Ngvlong mvlong rvt bat vtvng lawnglonga.
e. Nga mvlawnglong rvt mvlongvt we e.
f. Pervmsvng kag g to mvkvmx rvt nga tawngbnga.
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XVNGNT TUT
(Chapter Seven)
Karu Angcvng Dvbongx We:
(Formation of Words)
Rvwangkataq ka angcvng dvbongx we n lega angke tiqcvng ken angr wa
pvngx we e. Wervt n Rvwangka n, angke tiqcvng (morpheme level) n ka
angcvng tiqcvng (word level) zdvngtaq vl we e. Iwe, angke tiqcvngtaq wa (single
morpheme level) n, angmacvngla wa e. Ing ka naralo, naxano n naxerlungo
ke, angrcvng (root word) kulap walap pumx n rvmx we vlle. Vra, angrcvngtaq
vzvngkaq rvmx n pumxrsvng n vzvnglap xvnamr (prexes) alo n, mepvnglap
yinx n rvmxrsvng n mepvnglap xvnamr (suxes) aloe.
Rvwang kataq karu angcvng dvbongx we (formation of word in Rvwang) n
zng dang, dvzvngka dang nvng bvnlka dang xvngbe taq dvt (order) nvng ang mvga
(pattern) n vbonge. Kaxvbong:
Dvt (Order) Mvga (Pattern) Ka (word)
1. 0 =v angmacvngla xvngbe
2. 00 = vc ap.......
00 = cv ka.......
00 = v? aq.......
3. 000 = vcc ong, mp....
000 = ccv nga.....
000 = cvc lap, xor....
000 = cv? laq......
4. 0000 = vccv vnye.....
0000 = cvcv tvle.....
0000 = vcvc vlap.....
0000 = vcv? vtuq.....
0000 = cvcc dmp.....
5. 00000 = cvcvc xvgr....
00000 = vcvcc vjang....
6. 000000 = cvcvcc xvlang, mvtmp
000000 = cvccvc xvngar
7. 0000000 = cvccvcc xvngnt
0000000 = vcvcccv vcvngx
0000000 = cvcvcv? tvleteq
Mvzng: Mvdvmram vhungcvng xvrataq n angkecvngla (Alphabets) tiqcvngcvng
zvng vdue. Welongyvng- v nvng c tiqcvngcvng lvng vdue. Yayvng
v cvng n Englik kataq (Vowel) angmacvng wa ka we angdongse vru
we e. c Cvng g (Consonant) alo we anggucvngsvng angdongse vru we
ie. Ka tiqka bn lvm rvt n, Rvwang kataq n angmacvng tiqcvng wa g
ka bnne. Iwe anggucvng tiqcvng wa n ka mvbn. Wervt anggucvngtaq
n angmacvng marvm mvdaq we e.
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Rvwang Grammar
Note: The zero (0) here is the very heart of the word root in Rvwang language;
the zero here represents the letters either vowel or consonant that takes part
in making a Rvwang word. If there is only one zero (0) that single zero is a
vowel and it represents a morphophonemic level of a word in Rvwang. On
the right side of the zero, you'll nd +1, +2, +3, +4 etc; and on the left side
of the zero, you'll nd -1, -2, -3, -4 etc; and +1, +2, +3, +4, represents the
slots of the suxes in the word, and -1, -2, -3, -4, etc, represents the slots of
the prexes to the word.
KARVM
(addendum)
Xvt wa cvng vxer dang rvzvngx we
(Conjugation of the word xvt and alphabetical list)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 87)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 88)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 89)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 90)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 91)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 92)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 93)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 94)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 95)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 96)
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Rvwang Grammar (page: 97)
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