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Arithmetic

The document discusses arithmetic operations and properties of numbers. It defines types of numbers like natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It then explains basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and power/square. It provides examples and discusses properties like associativity, commutativity, distributivity, neutral elements, and identities. Finally, it covers fractions and working with fractions through operations and simplification.

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nanuleib
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
351 views

Arithmetic

The document discusses arithmetic operations and properties of numbers. It defines types of numbers like natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It then explains basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and power/square. It provides examples and discusses properties like associativity, commutativity, distributivity, neutral elements, and identities. Finally, it covers fractions and working with fractions through operations and simplification.

Uploaded by

nanuleib
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arithmetic

Numbers and operation


Numbers
Natural numbers : 1, 2, 3, . . . ℕ={x|x>
0}
Integers : . . . -3, -2, -1 , 0 , 1, 2, 3, . . . ℤ= { x | x∈ N or - x∈ N }
Rational : . . . – 1/2, -1/3, 0, 1/2,1/3 . . . ℚ = { m/n | m , n ∈ Z }
Real : . . . – 3.2, -3.1999, . . , 0 , 0.001 ℝ = { - ∞,...,0,…,
+∞ }
Irrational numbers : any number that could not be written as m/n
√ 2 = 1.4142… ∏ = 3.14….

ℝ
ℤ
I ℚ ℕ

ℕ⊂ℤ⊂ℚ
⊂ℝ
Arithmetic Operations
o Addition +  Subtraction -
o Multiplication ×  Division :
o Power ××  Square √

Neutral Element
 Addition, Subtraction 0
 Multiplication, Division 1
Inverse
• Addition – Subtraction
• Multiplication - Division
• Power - Square

Examples
 a + (– a) = 0 or a – a = 0
 a × 1/a = 1 or a : a = 1
 √( a 2) = a

Note : +/-, ×/: inverse gives the neutral element


The square root of a power 2 gives the number itself
Proprieties
• Associability a + ( b + c) = ( a + b ) + c ;
a×(b×c)=(a×b)×c
• Commutative a ± b = b ± a ;
a×b=b×a
• Distributive ( a ± b ) × c = ac ± bc ;
(a±b):c=a:c±b:c
• Neutral element 0,1
• Identity a + 0 = a, a : 1 = a
• Anti-symmetry a – a = 0, a : a = 1
Numbers proprieties
• If a ∈ N and b ∈ N then
a+b∈ N a×b ∈ N
• If a ∈ Z and b ∈ Z then
a+b∈ Z ; a-b∈ Z ; a×b∈ Z
• If a ∈ Q and b ∈ Q then
a + b ∈ Q ; a - b ∈ Q ;a × b ∈ Q
• If a ∈ R and b ∈ R then
a+b∈ R ; a-b∈ R ;
a×b∈ R ; a:b∈ R ;
Fractions

o Addition : a / b ± c / d = ad ± bc
o Multiply : a / b × c / d = ac / bd
o Distributive : ( a ± b ) / c = a / c ± b / c
o Inverse : a / b × b / a = 1
o a / ( b + c ) <> a / b + a / c !!!
Working with Fractions
• a/b=c => a = b × c ; b = a / c
• a / b = c / d => ad = bc
• ab / ac = b /c simplify
• a × b/c = ab / ac multiply
• a / b : c/ d = a / b × d / c inverse
• If a / b = a / c then b = c
• If a / b = c / b then a = c

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