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    Acute Bronchitis

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    Rhea Jessica
    Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the upper airways that is usually caused by a viral infection following a URI. The most common symptom is cough, with or without fever or sputum production. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, and treatment typically involves symptomatic relief with acetaminophen and hydration. Antibiotics are generally not needed except for patients with COPD or other underlying lung conditions who show increased cough, dyspnea, or sputum purulence.

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    Acute Bronchitis

    Uploaded by

    Rhea Jessica
    67 views2 pages
    Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the upper airways that is usually caused by a viral infection following a URI. The most common symptom is cough, with or without fever or sputum production. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, and treatment typically involves symptomatic relief with acetaminophen and hydration. Antibiotics are generally not needed except for patients with COPD or other underlying lung conditions who show increased cough, dyspnea, or sputum purulence.

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    Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the upper airways that is usually caused by a viral infection following a URI. The most common symptom is cough, with or without fever or sputum production. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, and treatment typically involves symptomatic relief with acetaminophen and hydration. Antibiotics are generally not needed except for patients with COPD or other underlying lung conditions who show increased cough, dyspnea, or sputum purulence.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    67 views2 pages

    Acute Bronchitis

    Uploaded by

    Rhea Jessica
    Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the upper airways that is usually caused by a viral infection following a URI. The most common symptom is cough, with or without fever or sputum production. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, and treatment typically involves symptomatic relief with acetaminophen and hydration. Antibiotics are generally not needed except for patients with COPD or other underlying lung conditions who show increased cough, dyspnea, or sputum purulence.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    ACUTE BRONCHITIS

     Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the upper airways, commonly following a URI. The
    cause is usually a viral infection, though it is sometimes a bacterial infection; the
    pathogen is rarely identified. The most common symptom is cough, with or without fever,
    and possibly sputum production. In patients with COPD, hemoptysis, burning chest pain,
    and hypoxemia may also occur. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings. Treatment is
    supportive; antibiotics are necessary only for selected patients with chronic lung disease.
    Prognosis is excellent in patients without lung disease, but in patients with COPD, acute
    respiratory failure may result.
     Acute bronchitis is frequently a component of a URI caused by rhinovirus, parainfluenza,
    influenza A or B, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, or human metapneumovirus.
    Less common causes may be Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Bordetella pertussis,
    and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Patients at risk include those who smoke and those with
    COPD or other diseases that impair bronchial clearance mechanisms, such as cystic
    fibrosis or conditions leading to bronchiectasis.

    Symptoms and Signs


    Symptoms are a nonproductive or minimally productive cough accompanied or preceded by URI
    symptoms. Subjective dyspnea results from chest pain or tightness with breathing, not from
    hypoxia, except in patients with underlying lung disease. Signs are often absent but may include
    scattered rhonchi and wheezing. Sputum may be clear, purulent, or, occasionally, bloody.
    Sputum characteristics do not correspond with a particular etiology (ie, viral vs bacterial). Mild
    fever may be present, but high or prolonged fever is unusual and suggests influenza or
    pneumonia.

    On resolution, cough is the last symptom to subside and often takes several weeks or even
    longer to do so.

    Diagnosis
     Clinical evaluation
     Sometimes, chest x-ray
    Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation. Chest x-ray is necessary only if findings suggest
    pneumonia (eg, abnormal vital signs, crackles, signs of consolidation, hypoxemia). Elderly
    patients are the occasional exception. They may require chest x-ray for productive cough and
    fever in the absence of auscultatory findings (particularly if there is a history of COPD or another
    lung disorder).

    Sputum Gram stain and culture usually have no role.


    Cough resolves within 2 wk in 75% of patients. Patients with persistent cough should undergo a
    chest x-ray. Evaluation for pertussis, with a culture from nasopharyngeal secretions, and
    noninfectious etiologies, such as postnasal drip, allergic rhinitis, and cough-variant asthma, may
    be needed.

    Treatment
     Symptomatic relief ( acetaminophen , hydration, possibly antitussives)
     Inhaled β-agonist or anticholinergic for wheezing
     Sometimes oral antibiotics for patients with COPD
    Acute bronchitis in otherwise healthy patients is a major reason that antibiotics are overused.
    Nearly all patients require only symptomatic treatment, such asacetaminophen and hydration.
    Antitussives should be used only if the cough is interfering with sleep. Patients with wheezing
    may benefit from an inhaled β2-agonist (eg, albuterol) or an anticholinergic (eg, ipratropium )
    for ≤ 7 days. If cough persists for > 2 wk because of airway irritation, some patients benefit from
    a few days of inhaled corticosteroids. Oral antibiotics are typically not used except in patients
    with pertussis or in patients with COPD who have at least 2 of the following:

     Increased cough
     Increased dyspnea
     Increase in sputum purulence
    Drugs include amoxicillin 
    500 mg po tid for 7 days, doxycycline 
    100 mg po bid for 7 days, azithromycin 
    500 mg po once/day for 4 days, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
    160/800 mg po bid for 7 days.

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