Cairo University Dr.

Hamed Hadhoud

Working Stress Design

Method

Prepared by
Associate Professor Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

1
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Strain and Stress Distribution for RC Section

Subjected to Flexure
0.67 fcu/c
Strain Stress

Before Cracking

0.002 0.003
<fc-all Idealized stress-strain
curve for concrete
Cracked under
working loads
fy/s
<fs-all

0.67 fcu/c

Cracked under
ultimate loads y/s
fy/s
Idealized stress-strain
curve for steel 2
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Working Stress for Concrete and Steel (Table 5-1)

Concrete

Steel

Concrete
slabs 3
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Design Equations

Kg.cm.

cm. M
d  k1
b b
cm.
A’s
cm2 Kg.cm.
M d M
As 
K2 d
As cm.

cm2
As   As
cm2

4
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Design Charts
Given: M, b, d, fcu, fy
Required: As, A’s

fcu, fy  Table (5-1)  get fc-all & fs-all

M
d  k1  k1
b
Try =0.0
k2
Get fc and check fc<fc-all

If OK get k2
M
As  k1
K2 d
As  0.0
If not OK  Try  =0.2 and check
If not OK  Try  =0.4 and so on . . . fc

5
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Design Tables
Given: M, b, d, fcu, fy
Required: As, A’s

fcu, fy  Table (5-1)  get fc-all & fs-all

M
d  k1  k1
b
Try =0.0
Get fc and check fc<fc-all

If OK get k2
M
As 
K2 d
As  0.0
If not OK  Try  =0.1 and check
If not OK  Try  =0.2 and so on . . .
6
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Design Charts
Given: M, b, fcu, fy
Required: d, As, A’s

fcu, fy  Table (5-1)  get fc-all & fs-all

Use =0.0
From fc-all get k1 and k2

M k2
d  k1
b
M
As 
K2 d
k1
As  0.0

fc-all

7
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Design Tables
Given: M, b, fcu, fy
Required: d, As, A’s

fcu, fy  Table (5-1)  get fc-all & fs-all

Use =0.0
From fc-all get k1 and k2

M
d  k1
b
M
As  k1 k2
K2 d
As  0.0

8
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Example-1
Given: M= 20 m.t , b=25 cm, d= 65 cm, fcu= 250 kg/cm2, fy= 3600 kg/cm2
Required: As, A’s

fcu=250  Table(5-1)  fc-all=95

fy=3600  Table (5-1)  fs-all=2000
M 20  105
d  k1  65  k1  k1  0.23
b 25
For  =0.0  fc=102 (unsafe)
For  =0.1  fc=98 (unsafe)
For  =0.2  fc=94 (OK)  k2= 1732
M 20  105
As    17.76 cm 2
K 2 d 1732  65
As  0.2  17.76  3.55 cm 2

9
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Example-2
Given: M= 20 m.t , b=25 cm, fcu= 250 kg/cm2, fy= 3600 kg/cm2
Required: d, As, A’s

fcu=250  Table(5-1)  fc-all=95

fy=3600  Table (5-1)  fs-all=2000
For  =0.0 and fc=fc-all=95  k1=0.242 & k2=1723

M 20  105
d  k1  0.242  68.44  70 cm
b 25
M 20  105
As    16.58 cm 2
K 2 d 1723  70
As  0.0

10
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

T-Sections

fcT-sec=(0.5 ~ 0.67) fc-all <fc-all

flange web

<fs-all

Strain Stress

B B
Br
Z ts Z ts

11
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

T-Sections

fcT-sec & fs-all  Kz

B
M b
Z  KZ
B r
ts B
Z & r
b
Br  B  r

Design as rectangular
section with fcT-sec

ts
Z
12
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Example-3
Given: M= 20 m.t, b=25, B=185, ts= 10, d= 65 cm, fcu= 250 kg/cm2, fy= 3600 kg/cm2
Required: As, A’s

fcu=250  Table(5-1)  fc-all=95

fcT-sec= (0.5~0.67)*95= 50

fy=3600  Table (5-1)  fs-all=2000

fcT-sec & fs-all  Kz=0.11

M 20  105
Z  KZ  0.11  11 .44 cm
B 185
ts 10
  0.87
z 11 .44
B 185 r=0.98
  7.4
b 25

Br=0.98*185=181.3 cm

13
Cairo University Dr. Hamed Hadhoud

Example-3 (cont.)

M 20  105
d  k1  65  k1  k1  0.62
Br 181.3

For  =0.0  fc=30 < 50 (OK)  k2= 1878

M 20  105
As    16.38 cm 2
K 2 d 1878  65
As  0.0

14