Reinforced Concrete Tanks

4th year Civil

Lecture 1
Rectangular Tanks
By: Abdel Hamid Zaghw
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Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw

Structure Categories
Structures are divided into 4 categories:
• Category (1) : Tension Side protected
• Category(2) : Tension Side unprotected
• Category(3) : Tension Side subjected to damaging effects
• Category(4) : Tension Side subjected to severe conditions

Water Side sections are Category 3

Air Side sections are Category 2
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Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw

Design of Water Side Sections

Depth Calculation
• Calculate the concrete stress under working loads
• From this step calculate the concrete stress due to Nw
and the concrete stress due to Mw
N 1000 N w 1000 Nw
f ct N w (kN)   w 
1000  t
 N/mm 2
bt t
6M w 106 6M w 106 6M w 103
f ct M w (kN.m)     N/mm 2

bt2 1000  t 2 t2
  f ct ( N ) 
• Calculate tv  t 1   
  f ct ( M ) 
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Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw

• Calculate η from the following table

tv mm η
< 100 (0 - 100) 1
< 200 (100 - 200) 1.3
< 400 (200 - 600) 1.6
> 600 (600 - ) 1.7

• Calculate the concrete cracking stress

f ctr  0.6 f cu N/mm 2

• Check that

f ct   f ct ( N w )  f ct ( M w ) 
f ctr

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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Important Note
• An Air Side Section subjected to small
eccentricity tension shown be treated as a water
side section if concrete stress on the water side
is tensile.
f ct   f ct ( N w )  f ct (M w )  0

N w 6M w 6M w t
f ct   0 Nw  ew 
b t b t 2
t 6
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Design of Water Side Sections

Reinforcement Calculation
• Calculate the stresses under ultimate loads.
• Calculate βcr from code tables 4-14 or 4-15
• Multiply fy by βcr calculated in step (1) and use
this reduced value in calculating the required As
• The maximum diameter of used steel should not
exceed that given in code tables 4-14 or 4-15.
• The minimum cover is given in the code table
4-13
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

βcr and Bar Diameter

Code Table 4-15

fs N/mm2 Reduction Factor βcr Largest Bar Diameter in mm φmax

WSD Steel 36/52 Steel 40/60 Category 1 Category 2 Category

3&4
220 1.00 .92 18 12 8
200 .93 .83 22 16 10
180 .85 .75 25 20 12
160 .75 .67 32 22 18
140 .65 .58 --- 25 22
120 .56 .5 --- --- 28
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Type
Minimum cover
Code Table 4-13

Category Slabs and Walls All other

fcu <250 fcu >250 fcu <250 fcu >250
1 20 20 25 20
2 25 20 30 25
3 30 25 35 30
4 40 35 45 40
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Approximate Depth Estimation

• Assume fcu = 25 N/mm2 f ctr  0.6 f cu  0.6 25  .6  5  3 N/mm 2

• Axial Tension Nw in kN:

  f ( N )    f ( N )  η = 1.7
tv  t 1   ct w   t 1   ct w   
  f ct ( M w )    0 
N w f cr 3 1.7
  t N w  0.6 N w mm
t  1.7 3
• Pure Bending Mw in kN.m:
  f ( N )    0 
tv  t 1   ct w   t 1     t η = 1.6
  ct w    ct w 
f ( M ) f ( M )

6M w 103 f cr 3 1.6 Mw
  t  6M w 103  104 mm
t2  1.6 3 3
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

• Eccentric Tension Mw in kN.m, Nw in kN :

Mw
t 10 4  30 mm
3

• Eccentric Compresion Mw in kN.m, Nw in kN :

Mw
t 10 4  30 mm
3
take t = 400mm 11

Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Example
Mw =23.3 kN.m Nw = 37.0 kN
Mu =35.0 kN.m Nu = 55.5 kN

Mw 23.3
t 10  30 
4
104  30  309 mm , take t = 400mm
3 3
6  23.3 103
f ct M w    0.874 N/mm 2

4002

f ct N w  
37
 0.0925 N/mm 2
400
  f ct ( N w )   .0925 
tv  t 1     4001     442.3 mm η = 1.6
  f ct ( M w )    0.874 
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

fctr  0.6 fcu  0.6 25  3

f ct   f ct ( N w )  f ct ( M w )  ctr
f

fct  0.0925  0.874 
3
1.6
• Reinforcement Calculations
M 35  1000
e u   630
Nu 55.5
• es = e – t/2 + cover = 630 – 200 + 30 = 460 mm
• Mus = N . es = 25.53 kN.m   0.01
• Assume φmax = 12 mm  cr  0.85
f cu Nu 25 55.5 1000 1.15
As  bd   0.011000  370 
 cr f y fy 0.85  360 0.85  360
 cr
s
= 510 mm2
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Design of Deep Beams

• Deep Beams have Le/d less than
1.25 for Simply Supported beams
2.50 for Continuous beams
where Le = smaller of (1.05 Lclear and Lcl-cl )
• Design of Deep Beams M
Tu  u
yct
where yct = 0.87 d and not more than:
0.86Le for Simply Supported
0.43Le for Continuous – Mid Span
0.37Le for Continuous – at Support
T
As  u
fy /  s
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Deep Beam Detailing

Simple Deep Beam

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Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw

Simple Deep Beam Detailing

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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Deep Beam Detailing

Continuous Deep Beam

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Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw

Continuous Deep Beam Detailing

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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Type of Tanks
a - According to Position

Elevated
Resting on Soil Under Ground

b- According to Cross-Section

Rectangular Circular
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Type of Rectangular Tank Walls

One way Two way

h
h

L h

In the vertical direction L

L/h > 2 Shallow Tank
1 < L/h or h/L < 2
Medium Tank
In the Horizontal direction
h/L > 2 Deep Tank L
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Shallow Tank
Medium Tank

Deep Tank
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Important Notes:
• The tank classifications: shallow, deep, and medium refer to one
wall of the tank only and not the whole tank.
• A rectangular tank can have walls belonging to different types
present next to each other

Medium
Shallow
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Design of Shallow Tanks

Cantilever Wall

strip 1 m width
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Cantilever Wall Cont.

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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Design of Shallow Tanks

Hinged Fixed Wall

strip 1 m width
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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Moment Distribution

Carry over = 0.5

Carry over = 0.0

Carry over = 0.0

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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Hinged Fixed Wall Cont.

Fixed End Moments After Moment Distribution

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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Hinged Fixed Wall Cont.

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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Design of Shallow Tanks

Fixed Fixed Wall

strip 1 m width
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Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw

Fixed Fixed Wall Cont.

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Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Hinged Fixed Wall Cont.

BMD – Case 1
NFD

Note :
BMD could be either Case 1 or Case 2
depending on the height to span ratio of the
tank

BMD – Case 2