Companys' Name: Job No.

: 1
Design by:
Client: Date: 4-Mar-24
Project: PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF Page No. C/101

SPREADSHEET OF DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN SECTION BY LIMIT-STATE METHOD

FOR AXIAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD & UNIAXIAL BENDING MOMENT AS PER IS:456-2000
BY N. PRABHAKAR
Calculates range of safe loads for a Column Section with given Concrete Grade and Reinforcement
and checks adequacy of the section for the given loads.
NOTES FOR USERS:
Column Dimensions: 1. Figures and text in blue are inputs, and these only are to be filled.
Breadth, 'b' = 230 mm 2. Concrete grade can be any grade as per IS:456-2000.
3. Yield strength of steel, fy= 415 N/mm2 or 500 N/mm2 for HYSD bars.
Depth, 'D' = 380 mm = 250 N/mm2 for M.S. bars.
Concrete Grade = M 20 4. For notes in input preparation, please refer to worksheet on 'Notes'.
5. For range of permissible values of Pu and Mu, see worksheet on
Yield Strength of Steel, fy = 500 N/mm2 'Pu&Mu Chart'.
Concrete Cover to main bars = 40 mm

Details of Reinforcement:
Row1-6 Nos. of bars Bar Dia (mm) Ast (mm2) d1-6 (mm)
b
y1-6from CL (mm)
1 2 16 402 48 142 d1 d2
Mux d3
2 2 12 226 48 142 d5
X d4 d6
3 2 0 0 170 20 D C. Pu X
4 2 0 0 0 0 L b
5 2 12 226 332 -142
6 2 16 402 332 -142 COLUMN
Total Ast = 1256 SECTION
Percentage of Reinforcement = 1.437 < 4% O.K. (Nos. of bars shown in the
section are indicative only)

Col. Applied Ultimate Loads Permissble Status

Mk. Axial Load, Pu (kN) Moment, Mux (kN.m) Mux (kN.m)
1 830 20 63.02 Section O.K.
2 0 0 79.64 Section O.K.
3 0 0 79.64 Section O.K.
4 0 0 79.64 Section O.K.
5 0 0 79.64 Section O.K.
6 0 0 79.64 Section O.K.
7 0 0 79.64 Section O.K.
8 0 0 79.64 Section O.K.
9 0 0 79.64 Section O.K.
10 0 0 79.64 Section O.K.
Steel Strain fck=M20, fy=500, p=1.437%
fy= 500 N/mm2 Es= 200000 N/mm2
D= 380 mm b= 230 mm
xu/D es1 es2 es3 es4 es5 es6
0.1 9.2105E-04 9.2105E-04 1.2158E-02 1.4000E-02 2.7079E-02 2.7079E-02
0.125 3.6842E-05 3.6842E-05 9.0263E-03 1.0500E-02 2.0963E-02 2.0963E-02
0.15 5.5263E-04 5.526E-04 6.9386E-03 8.1667E-03 1.6886E-02 1.6886E-02
0.175 9.7368E-04 9.7368E-04 5.4474E-03 6.5000E-03 1.3974E-02 1.3974E-02
0.2 1.2895E-03 1.2895E-03 4.3289E-03 5.2500E-03 1.1789E-02 1.1789E-02
0.225 1.5351E-03 1.5351E-03 3.4591E-03 4.2778E-03 1.0091E-02 1.0091E-02
0.25 1.7316E-03 1.7316E-03 2.7632E-03 3.5000E-03 8.7316E-03 8.7316E-03
0.275 1.8923E-03 1.8923E-03 2.1938E-03 2.8636E-03 7.6196E-03 7.6196E-03
0.3 2.0263E-03 2.0263E-03 1.7193E-03 2.3333E-03 6.6930E-03 6.6930E-03
0.325 2.1397E-03 2.1397E-03 1.3178E-03 1.8846E-03 5.9089E-03 5.9089E-03
0.35 2.2368E-03 2.2368E-03 9.7368E-04 1.5000E-03 5.2368E-03 5.2368E-03
0.375 2.3211E-03 2.3211E-03 6.7544E-04 1.1667E-03 4.6544E-03 4.6544E-03
0.4 2.3947E-03 2.3947E-03 4.1447E-04 8.7500E-04 4.1447E-03 4.1447E-03
0.425 2.4598E-03 2.4598E-03 1.8421E-04 6.1765E-04 3.6950E-03 3.6950E-03
0.45 2.5175E-03 2.5175E-03 2.0468E-05 3.8889E-04 3.2953E-03 3.2953E-03
0.475 2.5693E-03 2.5693E-03 2.0360E-04 1.8421E-04 2.9377E-03 2.9377E-03
0.5 2.6158E-03 2.6158E-03 3.6842E-04 0.0000E+00 2.6158E-03 2.6158E-03
0.525 2.6579E-03 2.6579E-03 5.1754E-04 1.6667E-04 2.3246E-03 2.3246E-03
0.55 2.6962E-03 2.6962E-03 6.5311E-04 3.1818E-04 2.0598E-03 2.0598E-03
0.575 2.7311E-03 2.7311E-03 7.7689E-04 4.5652E-04 1.8181E-03 1.8181E-03
0.6 2.7632E-03 2.7632E-03 8.9035E-04 5.8333E-04 1.5965E-03 1.5965E-03
0.625 2.7926E-03 2.7926E-03 9.9474E-04 7.0000E-04 1.3926E-03 1.3926E-03
0.65 2.8198E-03 2.8198E-03 1.0911E-03 8.0769E-04 1.2045E-03 1.2045E-03
0.675 2.8450E-03 2.8450E-03 1.1803E-03 9.0741E-04 1.0302E-03 1.0302E-03
0.7 2.8684E-03 2.8684E-03 1.2632E-03 1.0000E-03 8.6842E-04 8.6842E-04
0.725 2.8902E-03 2.8902E-03 1.3403E-03 1.0862E-03 7.1779E-04 7.1779E-04
0.75 2.9105E-03 2.9105E-03 1.4123E-03 1.1667E-03 5.7719E-04 5.7719E-04
0.775 2.9295E-03 2.9295E-03 1.4796E-03 1.2419E-03 4.4567E-04 4.4567E-04
0.8 2.9474E-03 2.9474E-03 1.5428E-03 1.3125E-03 3.2237E-04 3.2237E-04
0.825 2.9641E-03 2.9641E-03 1.6021E-03 1.3788E-03 2.0654E-04 2.0654E-04
0.85 2.9799E-03 2.9799E-03 1.6579E-03 1.4412E-03 9.7523E-05 9.7523E-05
0.875 2.9947E-03 2.9947E-03 1.7105E-03 1.5000E-03 5.2632E-06 5.2632E-06
0.9 3.0088E-03 3.0088E-03 1.7602E-03 1.5556E-03 1.0234E-04 1.0234E-04
0.925 3.0220E-03 3.0220E-03 1.8073E-03 1.6081E-03 1.9417E-04 1.9417E-04
0.95 3.0346E-03 3.0346E-03 1.8518E-03 1.6579E-03 2.8116E-04 2.8116E-04
0.975 3.0466E-03 3.0466E-03 1.8941E-03 1.7051E-03 3.6370E-04 3.6370E-04
1 3.0579E-03 3.0579E-03 1.9342E-03 1.7500E-03 4.4211E-04 4.4211E-04
1.025 3.0136E-03 3.0136E-03 1.9370E-03 1.7605E-03 5.0741E-04 5.0741E-04
1.05 2.9728E-03 2.9728E-03 1.9395E-03 1.7701E-03 5.6745E-04 5.6745E-04
1.075 2.9352E-03 2.9352E-03 1.9418E-03 1.7790E-03 6.2286E-04 6.2286E-04
1.1 2.9003E-03 2.9003E-03 1.9440E-03 1.7872E-03 6.7413E-04 6.7413E-04
1.125 2.8680E-03 2.8680E-03 1.9460E-03 1.7949E-03 7.2173E-04 7.2173E-04
 1.15 2.8379E-03 2.8379E-03 1.9479E-03 1.8020E-03 7.6602E-04 7.6602E-04
1.175 2.8099E-03 2.8099E-03 1.9496E-03 1.8086E-03 8.0735E-04 8.0735E-04
1.2 2.7836E-03 2.7836E-03 1.9513E-03 1.8148E-03 8.4600E-04 8.4600E-04
1.225 2.7590E-03 2.7590E-03 1.9528E-03 1.8206E-03 8.8223E-04 8.8223E-04
1.25 2.7359E-03 2.7359E-03 1.9542E-03 1.8261E-03 9.1625E-04 9.1625E-04
1.275 2.7142E-03 2.7142E-03 1.9556E-03 1.8312E-03 9.4826E-04 9.4826E-04
1.3 2.6937E-03 2.6937E-03 1.9569E-03 1.8361E-03 9.7843E-04 9.7843E-04
1.325 2.6744E-03 2.6744E-03 1.9581E-03 1.8406E-03 1.0069E-03 1.0069E-03
1.35 2.6561E-03 2.6561E-03 1.9592E-03 1.8450E-03 1.0339E-03 1.0339E-03
1.375 2.6387E-03 2.6387E-03 1.9603E-03 1.8491E-03 1.0594E-03 1.0594E-03
1.4 2.6223E-03 2.6223E-03 1.9613E-03 1.8529E-03 1.0836E-03 1.0836E-03
1.425 2.6067E-03 2.6067E-03 1.9623E-03 1.8566E-03 1.1066E-03 1.1066E-03
1.45 2.5918E-03 2.5918E-03 1.9632E-03 1.8601E-03 1.1285E-03 1.1285E-03
1.475 2.5777E-03 2.5777E-03 1.9641E-03 1.8635E-03 1.1493E-03 1.1493E-03
1.5 2.5642E-03 2.5642E-03 1.9649E-03 1.8667E-03 1.1691E-03 1.1691E-03
1.525 2.5513E-03 2.5513E-03 1.9657E-03 1.8697E-03 1.1881E-03 1.1881E-03
1.55 2.5391E-03 2.5391E-03 1.9665E-03 1.8726E-03 1.2062E-03 1.2062E-03
1.575 2.5273E-03 2.5273E-03 1.9672E-03 1.8754E-03 1.2235E-03 1.2235E-03
1.6 2.5160E-03 2.5160E-03 1.9679E-03 1.8780E-03 1.2401E-03 1.2401E-03
1.625 2.5053E-03 2.5053E-03 1.9686E-03 1.8806E-03 1.2559E-03 1.2559E-03
1.65 2.4949E-03 2.4949E-03 1.9692E-03 1.8830E-03 1.2712E-03 1.2712E-03
1.675 2.4850E-03 2.4850E-03 1.9698E-03 1.8854E-03 1.2858E-03 1.2858E-03
1.7 2.4755E-03 2.4755E-03 1.9704E-03 1.8876E-03 1.2998E-03 1.2998E-03
1.725 2.4663E-03 2.4663E-03 1.9710E-03 1.8898E-03 1.3133E-03 1.3133E-03
1.75 2.4575E-03 2.4575E-03 1.9716E-03 1.8919E-03 1.3263E-03 1.3263E-03
1.775 2.4490E-03 2.4490E-03 1.9721E-03 1.8939E-03 1.3388E-03 1.3388E-03
1.8 2.4408E-03 2.4408E-03 1.9726E-03 1.8958E-03 1.3509E-03 1.3509E-03
1.825 2.4329E-03 2.4329E-03 1.9731E-03 1.8977E-03 1.3625E-03 1.3625E-03
1.85 2.4253E-03 2.4253E-03 1.9736E-03 1.8995E-03 1.3737E-03 1.3737E-03
1.875 2.4179E-03 2.4179E-03 1.9740E-03 1.9012E-03 1.3845E-03 1.3845E-03
1.9 2.4108E-03 2.4108E-03 1.9745E-03 1.9029E-03 1.3950E-03 1.3950E-03
1.925 2.4040E-03 2.4040E-03 1.9749E-03 1.9045E-03 1.4051E-03 1.4051E-03
1.95 2.3973E-03 2.3973E-03 1.9753E-03 1.9061E-03 1.4149E-03 1.4149E-03
1.975 2.3909E-03 2.3909E-03 1.9757E-03 1.9076E-03 1.4243E-03 1.4243E-03
2.0 2.3847E-03 2.3847E-03 1.9761E-03 1.9091E-03 1.4335E-03 1.4335E-03
2.5 2.2918E-03 2.2918E-03 1.9819E-03 1.9310E-03 1.5702E-03 1.5702E-03
3.0 2.2351E-03 2.2351E-03 1.9854E-03 1.9444E-03 1.6538E-03 1.6538E-03
3.5 2.1968E-03 2.1968E-03 1.9878E-03 1.9535E-03 1.7102E-03 1.7102E-03
4.0 2.1693E-03 2.1693E-03 1.9895E-03 1.9600E-03 1.7507E-03 1.7507E-03

Steel Stress fsi

xu/D fs1 fs2 fs3 fs4 fs5 fs6
0.1 184.10466 184.10466 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000
0.125 7.36419 7.36419 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000
0.15 110.46279 110.46279 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000
0.175 194.62492 194.62492 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000
0.2 257.74652 257.74652 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000
0.225 306.84110 306.84110 427.41981 434.80000 434.80000 434.80000
0.25 346.11676 346.11676 412.70888 427.84476 434.80000 434.80000
0.275 363.61481 363.61481 386.66459 415.91610 434.80000 434.80000
0.3 374.94211 374.94211 343.66203 394.42026 434.80000 434.80000
0.325 382.87733 382.87733 263.41128 362.81245 434.80000 434.80000
0.35 389.67895 389.67895 194.62492 299.82759 434.80000 434.80000
0.375 393.89773 393.89773 135.01008 233.19923 434.80000 434.80000
0.4 397.03292 397.03292 82.84710 174.89943 434.53774 434.53774
0.425 399.79927 399.79927 36.82093 123.45842 429.86953 429.86953
0.45 402.25824 402.25824 4.09121 77.73308 425.72001 425.72001
0.475 404.45837 404.45837 40.69682 36.82093 418.22182 418.22182
0.5 406.43849 406.43849 73.64186 0.00000 406.43849 406.43849
0.525 408.23003 408.23003 103.44928 33.31418 394.04702 394.04702
0.55 409.85870 409.85870 130.54694 63.59979 377.28660 377.28660
0.575 411.34575 411.34575 155.28828 91.25187 355.90522 355.90522
0.6 412.70888 412.70888 177.96784 116.59962 319.11474 319.11474
0.625 413.70481 413.70481 198.83303 139.91954 278.36624 278.36624
0.65 414.55210 414.55210 218.09321 161.44562 240.75225 240.75225
0.675 415.33662 415.33662 235.92671 181.37718 205.92447 205.92447
0.7 416.06511 416.06511 252.48639 199.88506 173.58439 173.58439
0.725 416.74336 416.74336 267.90402 217.11653 143.47466 143.47466
0.75 417.37639 417.37639 282.29381 233.19923 115.37225 115.37225
0.775 417.96858 417.96858 295.75523 248.24435 89.08290 89.08290
0.8 418.52376 418.52376 308.37530 262.34914 64.43663 64.43663
0.825 419.04529 419.04529 320.23053 275.59909 41.28407 41.28407
0.85 419.53614 419.53614 331.38838 288.06964 19.49343 19.49343
0.875 419.99895 419.99895 341.90865 299.82759 1.05203 1.05203
0.9 420.43604 420.43604 349.90047 310.93231 20.45607 20.45607
0.925 420.84951 420.84951 354.78167 321.43678 38.81125 38.81125
0.95 421.24121 421.24121 359.40596 331.38838 56.20037 56.20037
0.975 421.61283 421.61283 363.79311 340.82965 72.69774 72.69774
1 421.96586 421.96586 367.96090 348.83810 88.37024 88.37024
1.025 420.58490 420.58490 368.24717 349.92592 101.42293 101.42293
1.05 419.31505 419.31505 368.51041 350.92622 113.42540 113.42540
1.075 418.14342 418.14342 368.75328 351.84914 124.49950 124.49950
1.1 417.05903 417.05903 368.97807 352.70334 134.74894 134.74894
1.125 416.05250 416.05250 369.18672 353.49621 144.26252 144.26252
1.15 415.11573 415.11573 369.38091 354.23413 153.11675 153.11675
1.175 414.24171 414.24171 369.56209 354.92262 161.37786 161.37786
1.2 413.42434 413.42434 369.68869 355.56649 169.10354 169.10354
1.225 412.53314 412.53314 369.79578 356.16993 176.34419 176.34419
1.25 411.55022 411.55022 369.89634 356.73665 183.14411 183.14411
1.275 410.62536 410.62536 369.99096 357.26988 189.54235 189.54235
1.3 409.75357 409.75357 370.08016 357.77252 195.57347 195.57347
 1.325 408.93041 408.93041 370.16437 358.24713 201.26820 201.26820
1.35 408.15191 408.15191 370.24402 358.69598 206.65391 206.65391
1.375 407.41454 407.41454 370.31946 359.12111 211.75509 211.75509
1.4 406.71513 406.71513 370.39102 359.52437 216.59372 216.59372
1.425 406.05081 406.05081 370.45899 359.90739 221.18954 221.18954
1.45 405.41901 405.41901 370.52363 360.27166 225.56039 225.56039
1.475 404.81740 404.81740 370.58518 360.61853 229.72240 229.72240
1.5 404.24386 404.24386 370.64386 360.94921 233.69018 233.69018
1.525 403.69648 403.69648 370.69986 361.26481 237.47702 237.47702
1.55 403.17350 403.17350 370.75337 361.56633 241.09502 241.09502
1.575 402.67333 402.67333 370.80454 361.85471 244.55522 244.55522
1.6 402.19452 402.19452 370.85353 362.13078 247.86773 247.86773
1.625 401.73571 401.73571 370.90047 362.39531 251.04181 251.04181
1.65 401.29568 401.29568 370.94549 362.64901 254.08596 254.08596
1.675 400.87330 400.87330 370.98870 362.89254 257.00799 257.00799
1.7 400.46754 400.46754 371.03022 363.12648 259.81511 259.81511
1.725 400.07742 400.07742 371.07013 363.35141 262.51397 262.51397
1.75 399.70207 399.70207 371.10853 363.56782 265.11071 265.11071
1.775 399.34065 399.34065 371.14551 363.77620 267.61102 267.61102
1.8 398.99241 398.99241 371.18114 363.97698 270.02017 270.02017
1.825 398.65664 398.65664 371.21549 364.17058 272.34305 272.34305
1.85 398.33269 398.33269 371.24864 364.35736 274.58423 274.58423
1.875 398.01993 398.01993 371.28064 364.53768 276.74794 276.74794
1.9 397.71779 397.71779 371.31155 364.71188 278.83812 278.83812
1.925 397.42575 397.42575 371.34143 364.88026 280.85847 280.85847
1.95 397.14331 397.14331 371.37032 365.04310 282.81241 282.81241
1.975 396.87001 396.87001 371.39829 365.20068 284.70319 284.70319
2 396.60539 396.60539 371.42536 365.35325 286.53380 286.53380
2.5 392.65446 392.65446 371.82958 367.63120 313.86670 313.86670
3.0 389.55614 389.55614 372.07661 369.02328 330.57014 330.57014
3.5 386.87723 386.87723 372.24321 369.84419 341.83525 341.83525
4.0 384.94842 384.94842 372.36316 370.30000 348.91459 348.91459

Concrete Stress fci

xu/D fc1 fc2 fc3 fc4 fc5 fc6
0.1 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.125 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.15 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.175 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.2 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.225 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.25 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.275 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.3 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.325 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.35 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.375 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.4 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.425 8.92000 8.92000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.45 8.92000 8.92000 2.05635 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.475 8.92000 8.92000 7.45792 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.5 8.92000 8.92000 8.30227 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.525 8.92000 8.92000 8.58105 4.02562 0.00000 0.00000
0.55 8.92000 8.92000 8.70625 5.83349 0.00000 0.00000
0.575 8.92000 8.92000 8.77301 6.79745 0.00000 0.00000
0.6 8.92000 8.92000 8.81276 7.37139 0.00000 0.00000
0.625 8.92000 8.92000 8.83832 7.74050 0.00000 0.00000
0.65 8.92000 8.92000 8.85572 7.99180 0.00000 0.00000
0.675 8.92000 8.92000 8.86810 8.17058 0.00000 0.00000
0.7 8.92000 8.92000 8.87722 8.30227 0.00000 0.00000
0.725 8.92000 8.92000 8.88413 8.40207 0.00000 0.00000
0.75 8.92000 8.92000 8.88949 8.47951 0.00000 0.00000
0.775 8.92000 8.92000 8.89374 8.54079 0.00000 0.00000
0.8 8.92000 8.92000 8.89716 8.59012 0.00000 0.00000
0.825 8.92000 8.92000 8.89995 8.63041 0.00000 0.00000
0.85 8.92000 8.92000 8.90225 8.66375 0.00000 0.00000
0.875 8.92000 8.92000 8.90419 8.69165 0.05250 0.05250
0.9 8.92000 8.92000 8.90582 8.71522 0.96806 0.96806
0.925 8.92000 8.92000 8.90721 8.73533 1.74881 1.74881
0.95 8.92000 8.92000 8.90841 8.75261 2.41997 2.41997
0.975 8.92000 8.92000 8.90944 8.76758 3.00114 3.00114
1 8.92000 8.92000 8.91035 8.78063 3.50771 3.50771
1.025 8.92000 8.92000 8.91114 8.79206 3.95193 3.95193
1.05 8.92000 8.92000 8.91184 8.80215 4.34362 4.34362
1.075 8.92000 8.92000 8.91246 8.81109 4.69074 4.69074
1.1 8.92000 8.92000 8.91301 8.81905 4.99983 4.99983
1.125 8.92000 8.92000 8.91350 8.82617 5.27622 5.27622
1.15 8.92000 8.92000 8.91394 8.83256 5.52439 5.52439
1.175 8.92000 8.92000 8.91434 8.83832 5.74803 5.74803
1.2 8.92000 8.92000 8.91470 8.84353 5.95029 5.95029
1.225 8.92000 8.92000 8.91503 8.84825 6.13381 6.13381
1.25 8.92000 8.92000 8.91533 8.85255 6.30082 6.30082
1.275 8.92000 8.92000 8.91560 8.85648 6.45325 6.45325
1.3 8.92000 8.92000 8.91585 8.86007 6.59276 6.59276
1.325 8.92000 8.92000 8.91608 8.86337 6.72076 6.72076
1.35 8.92000 8.92000 8.91629 8.86640 6.83847 6.83847
1.375 8.92000 8.92000 8.91648 8.86919 6.94699 6.94699
1.4 8.92000 8.92000 8.91666 8.87177 7.04724 7.04724
1.425 8.92000 8.92000 8.91683 8.87416 7.14003 7.14003
1.45 8.92000 8.92000 8.91698 8.87638 7.22610 7.22610
1.475 8.92000 8.92000 8.91712 8.87844 7.30607 7.30607
1.5 8.92000 8.92000 8.91725 8.88036 7.38050 7.38050
1.525 8.92000 8.92000 8.91738 8.88214 7.44991 7.44991
1.55 8.92000 8.92000 8.91749 8.88381 7.51472 7.51472
1.575 8.92000 8.92000 8.91760 8.88537 7.57534 7.57534
1.6 8.92000 8.92000 8.91770 8.88684 7.63213 7.63213
1.625 8.92000 8.92000 8.91780 8.88821 7.68539 7.68539
1.65 8.92000 8.92000 8.91789 8.88949 7.73541 7.73541
1.675 8.92000 8.92000 8.91797 8.89071 7.78245 7.78245
1.7 8.92000 8.92000 8.91805 8.89185 7.82675 7.82675
1.725 8.92000 8.92000 8.91812 8.89292 7.86850 7.86850
1.75 8.92000 8.92000 8.91820 8.89394 7.90791 7.90791
1.775 8.92000 8.92000 8.91826 8.89490 7.94515 7.94515
1.8 8.92000 8.92000 8.91832 8.89580 7.98037 7.98037
1.825 8.92000 8.92000 8.91838 8.89666 8.01371 8.01371
1.85 8.92000 8.92000 8.91844 8.89748 8.04531 8.04531
1.875 8.92000 8.92000 8.91849 8.89825 8.07528 8.07528
1.9 8.92000 8.92000 8.91854 8.89898 8.10374 8.10374
1.925 8.92000 8.92000 8.91859 8.89968 8.13079 8.13079
1.95 8.92000 8.92000 8.91864 8.90034 8.15651 8.15651
1.975 8.92000 8.92000 8.91868 8.90097 8.18100 8.18100
2 8.92000 8.92000 8.91872 8.90157 8.20433 8.20433
2.5 8.92000 8.92000 8.91927 8.90939 8.50813 8.50813
3.0 8.92000 8.92000 8.91952 8.91312 8.65273 8.65273
3.5 8.92000 8.92000 8.91967 8.91518 8.73266 8.73266
4.0 8.92000 8.92000 8.91975 8.91643 8.78145 8.78145

xu/D Area Factor C1 Dist. Factor C2

0.1 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.125 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.15 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.175 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.2 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.225 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.25 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.275 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.3 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.325 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.35 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.375 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.4 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.425 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.45 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.475 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.5 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.525 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.55 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.575 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.6 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.625 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.65 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.675 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.7 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.725 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.75 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.775 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.8 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.825 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.85 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.875 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.9 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.925 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.95 0.361047619 0.415966387
0.975 0.361047619 0.415966387
1 0.361047619 0.415966387
1.025 0.3680201172 0.424324903
1.05 0.3741681546 0.431436628
1.075 0.3796167714 0.437546764
1.1 0.3844681713 0.442841424
1.125 0.3888065496 0.447464279
1.15 0.3927017706 0.451527894
1.175 0.3962121986 0.45512163
1.2 0.3993868966 0.458317268
1.225 0.40226735 0.461173077
1.25 0.4048888289 0.463736809
1.275 0.4072814728 0.466047939
1.3 0.4094711611 0.468139358
1.325 0.4114802154 0.47003867
1.35 0.4133279708 0.471769194
1.375 0.4150312431 0.473350753
1.4 0.4166047125 0.474800292
 1.425 0.4180612408 0.476132377
1.45 0.4194121356 0.477359583
1.475 0.42066737 0.478492822
1.5 0.4218357672 0.479541604
1.525 0.4229251562 0.480514246
1.55 0.4239425032 0.481418052
1.575 0.4248940232 0.482259461
1.6 0.4257852752 0.483044166
1.625 0.4266212435 0.483777216
1.65 0.4274064075 0.484463104
1.675 0.4281448022 0.485105842
1.7 0.4288400695 0.485709016
1.725 0.4294955039 0.486275845
1.75 0.4301140909 0.486809223
1.775 0.4306985418 0.48731176
1.8 0.4312513228 0.487785812
1.825 0.4317746813 0.488233513
1.85 0.432270669 0.4886568
1.875 0.4327411617 0.489057432
1.9 0.4331878773 0.489437013
1.925 0.4336123914 0.489797003
1.95 0.4340161512 0.49013874
1.975 0.4344004877 0.490463448
2 0.4347666273 0.490772248
2.5 0.4395351339 0.494746994
3.0 0.4418048207 0.496608733
3.5 0.4430595174 0.497629726
4.0 0.443825219 0.49824997

pi(fsi-fci)/(fck)
xu/D y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6
0.1 -0.042339858 -0.023803005 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.125 -0.001693594 -0.00095212 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.15 0.0233525192 0.0131285307 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.175 0.0427078831 0.0240099044 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.2 0.057224406 0.0321709347 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.225 0.0685150349 0.0385184027 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.25 0.077547538 0.0435963771 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.275 0.0815716897 0.0458587111 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.3 0.0841767084 0.0473232241 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.325 0.086001628 0.048349174 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.35 0.0875658449 0.0492285596 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.375 0.0885360683 0.0497740085 0 0 -0.05621556 -0.09999405
0.4 0.0892570904 0.0501793593 0 0 -0.05618165 -0.09993374
0.425 0.0898932865 0.0505370217 0 0 -0.0555781 -0.09886016
0.45 0.090458794 0.0508549439 0 0 -0.0550416 -0.09790586
0.475 0.0909647745 0.0511394006 0 0 -0.05407216 -0.09618145
0.5 0.0914201569 0.0513954116 0 0 -0.05254868 -0.09347155
0.525 0.0918321696 0.0516270406 0 0 -0.05094658 -0.0906218
0.55 0.0922067266 0.0518376124 0 0 -0.04877962 -0.08676729
0.575 0.0925487134 0.0520298737 0 0 -0.04601521 -0.08185006
0.6 0.0928622013 0.0522061131 0 0 -0.04125854 -0.07338909
0.625 0.093091244 0.0523348784 0 0 -0.03599014 -0.06401787
0.65 0.0932861007 0.0524444248 0 0 -0.03112701 -0.05536751
0.675 0.0934665236 0.0525458565 0 0 -0.0266241 -0.04735792
0.7 0.0936340591 0.0526400432 0 0 -0.02244283 -0.03992044
0.725 0.0937900405 0.0527277342 0 0 -0.01854993 -0.03299589
0.75 0.0939356231 0.0528095792 0 0 -0.01491655 -0.02653298
0.775 0.0940718133 0.0528861438 0 0 -0.01151758 -0.02048703
0.8 0.0941994916 0.0529579231 0 0 -0.00833105 -0.01481895
0.825 0.0943194318 0.0530253522 0 0 -0.00533764 -0.00949439
0.85 0.0944323167 0.0530888149 0 0 -0.00252032 -0.00448304
0.875 0.0945387511 0.0531486511 0 0 0.000129229 0.000229867
0.9 0.0946392724 0.0532051631 0 0 0.002519617 0.004481797
0.925 0.0947343601 0.0532586204 0 0 0.004791827 0.008523514
0.95 0.0948244432 0.0533092641 0 0 0.006953301 0.012368261
0.975 0.0949099067 0.0533573107 0 0 0.009011116 0.016028623
1 0.094991097 0.053402955 0 0 0.010971928 0.019516439
1.025 0.0946735068 0.0532244093 0 0 0.012602086 0.0224161
1.05 0.0943814698 0.0530602293 0 0 0.014103251 0.025086314
1.075 0.0941120214 0.0529087483 0 0 0.015490148 0.027553273
1.1 0.0938626382 0.0527685478 0 0 0.016775343 0.029839327
1.125 0.0936311595 0.052638413 0 0 0.017969624 0.031963668
1.15 0.0934157238 0.0525172975 0 0 0.019082307 0.033942865
1.175 0.0932147193 0.0524042949 0 0 0.020121477 0.035791299
1.2 0.0930267428 0.0522986166 0 0 0.021094184 0.037521513
1.225 0.0928217852 0.0521833917 0 0 0.022006606 0.039144494
1.25 0.0925957365 0.0520563096 0 0 0.022864179 0.04066991
1.275 0.092383041 0.0519367345 0 0 0.023671702 0.042106302
1.3 0.0921825492 0.0518240202 0 0 0.024433433 0.04346124
1.325 0.0919932403 0.0517175928 0 0 0.025153159 0.04474146
1.35 0.0918142039 0.0516169405 0 0 0.025834261 0.045952978
1.375 0.0916446261 0.0515216057 0 0 0.026479766 0.047101177
1.4 0.0914837765 0.0514311778 0 0 0.027092394 0.048190895
1.425 0.0913309983 0.0513452876 0 0 0.027674593 0.049226489
1.45 0.0911856987 0.0512636017 0 0 0.028228576 0.050211892
 1.475 0.0910473417 0.051185819 0 0 0.028756345 0.051150667
1.5 0.0909154414 0.0511116661 0 0 0.029259718 0.052046047
1.525 0.0907895561 0.0510408947 0 0 0.029740347 0.052900971
1.55 0.0906692835 0.0509732788 0 0 0.03019974 0.053718122
1.575 0.0905542565 0.0509086118 0 0 0.030639275 0.054499949
1.6 0.0904441391 0.0508467051 0 0 0.03106021 0.055248693
1.625 0.0903386237 0.0507873854 0 0 0.031463703 0.05596641
1.65 0.0902374276 0.0507304941 0 0 0.031850815 0.05665499
1.675 0.0901402909 0.0506758849 0 0 0.032222524 0.057316172
1.7 0.0900469743 0.0506234233 0 0 0.032579732 0.057951558
1.725 0.0899572566 0.050572985 0 0 0.03292327 0.05856263
1.75 0.0898709336 0.0505244552 0 0 0.033253908 0.059150757
1.775 0.0897878163 0.0504777276 0 0 0.03357236 0.059717207
1.8 0.0897077293 0.0504327035 0 0 0.033879288 0.060263157
1.825 0.0896305098 0.0503892916 0 0 0.034175304 0.060789701
1.85 0.0895560066 0.0503474067 0 0 0.034460982 0.061297854
1.875 0.0894840789 0.0503069697 0 0 0.034736854 0.061788563
1.9 0.0894145953 0.0502679068 0 0 0.035003415 0.062262712
1.925 0.0893474333 0.0502301491 0 0 0.03526113 0.062721125
1.95 0.0892824785 0.0501936322 0 0 0.035510431 0.063164572
1.975 0.0892196239 0.050158296 0 0 0.035751724 0.063593775
2 0.0891587692 0.0501240842 0 0 0.035985389 0.064009409
2.5 0.0882501457 0.049613266 0 0 0.039479999 0.070225485
3.0 0.0875376021 0.0492126818 0 0 0.041620902 0.074033639
3.5 0.0869215149 0.0488663243 0 0 0.04306704 0.076605973
4.0 0.0864779321 0.0486169469 0 0 0.043976024 0.078222839

pi(fsi-fci)*y/(fck*D)
xu/D y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6
0.1 -0.015821737 -0.008894807 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.125 -0.000632869 -0.000355792 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.15 0.0087264677 0.0049059246 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.175 0.0159592616 0.0089721222 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.2 0.021383857 0.0120217703 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.225 0.0256029867 0.0143937189 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.25 0.0289782905 0.0162912778 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.275 0.0304820525 0.0171366763 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.3 0.0314555068 0.0176839417 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.325 0.0321374505 0.0180673229 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.35 0.0327219736 0.0183959354 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.375 0.0330845308 0.0185997611 0 0 0.021006867 0.037366198
0.4 0.0333539654 0.0187512343 0 0 0.020994197 0.03734366
0.425 0.0335917018 0.0188848871 0 0 0.020768657 0.036942479
0.45 0.033803023 0.0190036896 0 0 0.020568178 0.036585874
0.475 0.0339920999 0.0191099865 0 0 0.020205912 0.035941489
0.5 0.0341622692 0.0192056538 0 0 0.019636613 0.034928843
0.525 0.0343162318 0.0192922099 0 0 0.019037934 0.033863935
0.55 0.0344561978 0.0193708973 0 0 0.018228173 0.032423564
0.575 0.0345839929 0.0194427423 0 0 0.017195156 0.030586074
0.6 0.0347011384 0.0195086002 0 0 0.015417666 0.027424343
0.625 0.034786728 0.0195567177 0 0 0.013448948 0.023922466
0.65 0.0348595429 0.0195976535 0 0 0.011631671 0.020689963
0.675 0.0349269641 0.0196355569 0 0 0.009949006 0.017696905
0.7 0.0349895695 0.019670753 0 0 0.008386532 0.014917637
0.725 0.0350478572 0.0197035217 0 0 0.006931815 0.012330043
0.75 0.0351022592 0.0197341059 0 0 0.005574079 0.009914955
0.775 0.0351531513 0.0197627169 0 0 0.004303939 0.007655679
0.8 0.0352008626 0.0197895397 0 0 0.003113182 0.005537608
0.825 0.0352456824 0.0198147369 0 0 0.001994593 0.003547905
0.85 0.0352878657 0.0198384519 0 0 0.000941803 0.001675243
0.875 0.0353276386 0.0198608117 0 0 -4.8291E-05 -8.5898E-05
0.9 0.0353652018 0.0198819294 0 0 -0.00094154 -0.00167478
0.925 0.0354007346 0.0199019055 0 0 -0.00179063 -0.0031851
0.95 0.0354343972 0.0199208303 0 0 -0.00259834 -0.00462182
0.975 0.0354663336 0.0199387845 0 0 -0.00336731 -0.00598964
1 0.0354966731 0.0199558411 0 0 -0.00410004 -0.00729299
1.025 0.0353779947 0.0198891214 0 0 -0.0047092 -0.00837654
1.05 0.035268865 0.0198277699 0 0 -0.00527016 -0.00937436
1.075 0.0351681764 0.0197711638 0 0 -0.00578842 -0.01029622
1.1 0.0350749859 0.0197187731 0 0 -0.00626868 -0.01115049
1.125 0.0349884859 0.0196701438 0 0 -0.00671496 -0.01194432
1.15 0.034907981 0.0196248848 0 0 -0.00713076 -0.01268391
1.175 0.0348328688 0.0195826576 0 0 -0.00751908 -0.01337464
1.2 0.0347626249 0.0195431672 0 0 -0.00788256 -0.0140212
1.225 0.0346860355 0.0195001095 0 0 -0.00822352 -0.01462768
1.25 0.0346015647 0.019452621 0 0 -0.00854398 -0.0151977
1.275 0.0345220837 0.0194079376 0 0 -0.00884574 -0.01573446
1.3 0.0344471631 0.0193658181 0 0 -0.00913039 -0.01624078
1.325 0.0343764214 0.0193260478 0 0 -0.00939934 -0.01671918
1.35 0.0343095183 0.0192884357 0 0 -0.00965386 -0.0171719
1.375 0.0342461497 0.0192528106 0 0 -0.00989507 -0.01760097
1.4 0.0341860428 0.0192190191 0 0 -0.010124 -0.01800818
1.425 0.034128952 0.0191869233 0 0 -0.01034156 -0.01839516
1.45 0.0340746558 0.0191563985 0 0 -0.01054857 -0.01876339
1.475 0.034022954 0.0191273324 0 0 -0.01074579 -0.0191142
1.5 0.0339736649 0.0190996226 0 0 -0.01093389 -0.01944879
 1.525 0.0339266236 0.0190731764 0 0 -0.0111135 -0.01976826
1.55 0.0338816796 0.0190479094 0 0 -0.01128517 -0.02007361
1.575 0.0338386958 0.0190237444 0 0 -0.01144941 -0.02036577
1.6 0.0337975467 0.0190006108 0 0 -0.01160671 -0.02064556
1.625 0.0337581173 0.018978444 0 0 -0.01175749 -0.02091376
1.65 0.0337203019 0.0189571846 0 0 -0.01190215 -0.02117108
1.675 0.0336840035 0.0189367781 0 0 -0.01204105 -0.02141815
1.7 0.0336491325 0.018917174 0 0 -0.01217453 -0.02165558
1.725 0.0336156064 0.018898326 0 0 -0.01230291 -0.02188393
1.75 0.0335833489 0.0188801912 0 0 -0.01242646 -0.0221037
1.775 0.0335522892 0.0188627298 0 0 -0.01254546 -0.02231538
1.8 0.033522362 0.018845905 0 0 -0.01266015 -0.02251939
1.825 0.0334935063 0.0188296826 0 0 -0.01277077 -0.02271615
1.85 0.0334656656 0.0188140309 0 0 -0.01287752 -0.02290604
1.875 0.0334387874 0.0187989203 0 0 -0.01298061 -0.02308941
1.9 0.0334128224 0.0187843231 0 0 -0.01308022 -0.02326659
1.925 0.0333877251 0.0187702136 0 0 -0.01317653 -0.02343789
1.95 0.0333634525 0.0187565678 0 0 -0.01326969 -0.0236036
1.975 0.0333399647 0.0187433633 0 0 -0.01335985 -0.02376399
2 0.0333172243 0.0187305788 0 0 -0.01344717 -0.02391931
2.5 0.032977686 0.0185396941 0 0 -0.01475305 -0.02624215
3.0 0.0327114197 0.0183900021 0 0 -0.01555307 -0.0276652
3.5 0.0324811977 0.0182605738 0 0 -0.01609347 -0.02862644
4.0 0.0323154378 0.0181673854 0 0 -0.01643315 -0.02923064

Pu & Mu
xu/D Pu (kN) Mu (kN.m) -325.56 33.34
0.1 -325.56 33.34 -198.79 51.54
0.125 -198.79 51.54 -114.61 63.57
0.15 -114.61 63.57 -45.98 73.26
0.175 -45.98 73.26 9.43 80.95
0.2 9.43 80.95 56.04 87.27
0.225 56.04 87.27 96.48 92.58
0.25 96.48 92.58 123.24 95.83
0.275 123.24 95.83 146.14 98.4
0.3 146.14 98.4 166.9 100.55
0.325 166.9 100.55 186.95 102.47
0.35 186.95 102.47 205.37 104.04
0.375 205.37 104.04 223.28 105.36
0.4 223.28 105.36 243.73 106.13
0.425 243.73 106.13 263.66 106.79
0.45 263.66 106.79 285.53 107.01
0.475 285.53 107.01 309.95 106.7
0.5 309.95 106.7 334.63 106.2
0.525 334.63 106.2 361.96 105.17
0.55 361.96 105.17 392.1 103.59
0.575 392.1 103.59 431.84 100.49
0.6 431.84 100.49 473.83 96.89
0.625 473.83 96.89 513.76 93.43
0.65 513.76 93.43 551.9 90.09
0.675 551.9 90.09 588.45 86.84
0.7 588.45 86.84 623.56 83.66
0.725 623.56 83.66 657.39 80.53
0.75 657.39 80.53 690.04 77.43
0.775 690.04 77.43 721.65 74.35
0.8 721.65 74.35 752.29 71.28
0.825 752.29 71.28 782.06 68.2
0.85 782.06 68.2 811 65.11
0.875 811 65.11 838.67 62.07
0.9 838.67 62.07 865.74 58.99
0.925 865.74 58.99 892.26 55.85
0.95 892.26 55.85 918.27 52.66
0.975 918.27 52.66 943.79 49.41
1 943.79 49.41 963.03 46.51
1.025 963.03 46.51 980.27 43.91
1.05 980.27 43.91 995.8 41.55
1.075 995.8 41.55 1009.84 39.42
1.1 1009.84 39.42 1022.59 37.48
1.125 1022.59 37.48 1034.22 35.7
1.15 1034.22 35.7 1044.85 34.07
1.175 1044.85 34.07 1054.61 32.58
1.2 1054.61 32.58 1063.52 31.18
1.225 1063.52 31.18 1071.65 29.88
1.25 1071.65 29.88 1079.17 28.68
1.275 1079.17 28.68 1086.15 27.55
1.3 1086.15 27.55 1092.64 26.51
1.325 1092.64 26.51 1098.69 25.53
1.35 1098.69 25.53 1104.34 24.61
1.375 1104.34 24.61 1109.63 23.76
1.4 1109.63 23.76 1114.59 22.95
1.425 1114.59 22.95 1119.24 22.19
1.45 1119.24 22.19 1123.62 21.47
1.475 1123.62 21.47 1127.75 20.8
1.5 1127.75 20.8 1131.64 20.16
1.525 1131.64 20.16 1135.33 19.56
1.55 1135.33 19.56 1138.81 18.98
1.575 1138.81 18.98 1142.11 18.44
1.6 1142.11 18.44 1145.25 17.92
1.625 1145.25 17.92 1148.22 17.43
1.65 1148.22 17.43 1151.05 16.96
1.675 1151.05 16.96 1153.75 16.51
1.7 1153.75 16.51 1156.32 16.08
1.725 1156.32 16.08 1158.77 15.68
1.75 1158.77 15.68 1161.11 15.29
1.775 1161.11 15.29 1163.35 14.91
1.8 1163.35 14.91 1165.49 14.55
1.825 1165.49 14.55 1167.54 14.21
1.85 1167.54 14.21 1169.51 13.88
1.875 1169.51 13.88 1171.39 13.56
1.9 1171.39 13.56 1173.2 13.26
1.925 1173.2 13.26 1174.94 12.97
1.95 1174.94 12.97 1176.62 12.68
1.975 1176.62 12.68 1178.22 12.41
2 1178.22 12.41 1201.05 8.52
2.5 1201.05 8.52 1213.47 6.23
3.0 1213.47 6.23 1221.01 4.69
3.5 1221.01 4.69 1225.55 3.71
4.0 1225.55 3.71 1257.60 0
1257.60 0
 Indicates applied load values of Pu & Mux.
Any value to the right of red line (permissible)
fck=M20, fy=500, p=1.437%
Pu & Mux Chart requires revision of section.
Column C

1500

1250

1000
Pu (kN)

830
750

500

250

0 0
0 25 50 75 100 125
Mux (kN.m)
250

0 0
0 25 50 75 100 125
Mux (kN.m)
NOTES:

This Spreadsheet is intended to be used by qualified Civil and Structural Engineers who are
familiar with the provisions of IS:456-2000, and those who will evaluate the significance and
limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application.

DISCLAIMER

No liability, including that for negligence, for any loss resulting from such usage or information
is accepted by the author of this Spreadsheet.

Notes for Input:

1. Numbers of reinforcement rows are limited to 6 (six). Rows 1 and 6 are end rows.
If there are no bars in the intermediate rows 2 to 5, input data for these shall be zero.
2. Any number of bars can be provided in each row, subject to satisfying the requirements
of IS:456-2000, regarding spacing of bars, maximum percentage of steel, cover, etc.
Diameter of bars in each row is to be same.
3. The arrangement of reinforcement can be unsymmetrical about X-X axis, if bending
moment on the section is uni-directional only, i.e. not reversible.
4. Cover to bars is considered uniform all round, and it is clear to the main bars,
and not for links.
5. Applied loads Pu and Mux act on the centre lines of column section as shown.
6. Range of permissible values of Pu and Mux for the column section considered
can be seen in worksheet on 'Pu&Mu Chart'.
7. Calculations can be made for 10 (ten) number load cases for the column section
considered.

N. PRABHAKAR
BE CEng(I) MIStructE (UK) MIE (Ind)
Chartered Structural Engineer
Structural Consultant
Flat E-8 Star Residency
Location: Evershine City
Vasai (E) Pin 401 208
Thane Dist, Maharashtra, India

Ph: (0250) 2463447, E-mail: prabh@mantraonline.com

29.3.2004
Revision history of RECTCOLUMN
Date Revison
2.4.2004 Case of yield strength of steel fy = 500 N/mm2 added
11.4.2004 Minor revisions, Format changed