Drug Study or

NAME OF DRUG CLASSIFICATION AND ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic Name: Therapeutic: • Management of • Assess patient for nausea, vomiting, abdominal
METOCLOPRAMIDE Antiemetics heartburn caused by distention, and bowel sounds before and after
In patients with a history of
esophageal reflux administration.
ACTIONS hypersensitivity to
Brand Name: PLASIL Physiologic Mechanism • Treatment and metoclopramide or any of • May cause drowsiness.
prevention of the components. In the
• Decreased nausea and vomiting. postoperative nausea presence of GI hemorrhage, • Advise patient to avoid concurrent use of
and vomiting. mechanical obstruction, or alcohol and other CNS depressant while taking
• Decreased symptoms of gastric this medication.
perforation. In those with
stasis. It is also used to treat
slow gastric emptying in pheochromocytoma and • Advise patient to notify health care professional
Signs of an allergic reaction: hives; people with diabetes epilepsy. immediately if involuntary movement of eyes,
difficulty breathing; swelling (also called diabetic face or limbs occurs.
of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. gastroparesis). Caution:
Pregnancy and lactation. Extract from history if the patient has epilepsy,
GI perforation,pheochromocytoma, or bleeding
More serious reactions: tremors, or in the intestines. Metoclopramide is usually
taken before meals and at bedtime.
restless muscle movements in your
eyes, tongue, jaw, or neck; mask-like Patient Teaching:
appearance of the face; fever, stiff Instruct to take with a full glass of water.
muscles, confusion, sweating, fast or  Narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, and
uneven heartbeats, rapid breathing; medicine for anxiety can add
depressed mood, thoughts of suicide to sleepiness caused by metoclopramide.
 Avoid drinking alcohol. It can increase some
or hurting yourself; hallucinations,
of the side effects of
anxiety, agitation, jittery feeling, metoclopramide.
trouble staying still; swelling, fluid  The drug can pass into the breast milk and
retention; jaundice (yellowing of your may harm the baby
skin or eyes); or seizure
(convulsions).
Less serious reactions: feeling

restless, drowsy, tired, or dizzy;
headache, sleep problems
(insomnia); headache, sleep
problems (insomnia); nausea,
diarrhea; breast tenderness or
swelling; changes in your menstrual
periods; or urinating more than
usual.
Pharmacologic Mechanism
• Blocks dopamine receptors in

chemoreceptor trigger zone of the
CNS.
• Stimulates motility of the upper GI

tract and accelerates gastric
emptying.
NAME OF DRUG CLASSIFICATION AND INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
ACTION
NMDA receptor Contraindicated in patients Nursing considerations include close

Generic name: antagonist Indications for use as an anaesthetic: with Elevated intracranial monitoring of vital signs during the initial
Ketamine pressure, hypertension, dosage and follow-up observations of the
hydrochloride high, fully anesthetic  Pediatric anesthesia (as the aneurysms, thryotoxicosis, effectiveness of the medications.
level doses: sole anesthetic for minor congestive heart failure,
Brand name: Ketanest, opioid μ receptors procedures or as an induction angina, and psychotic Assess pain and vital signs (VS); reassure
Ketaset, and Ketalar, sigma receptors agent followed by muscle disorders. patient that they may
Ketaset, Ketmex, dissociative anesthesia relaxant and endotracheal experience a dream-like feeling, especially
Ketotal, Ketamine-500 recreational drug. intubation) those who cannot adequately
(Astrapin) and Imalgen  Asthmatics or patients with communicate due to their medical
analgesia, anesthesia, chronic obstructive airway circumstance.
Recreational name: hallucinations, elevated disease
blood pressure, and  As part of a cream, gel, or liquid Vital signs are checked every four hours after
"K", "Ket", "Special K" bronchodilation. for topical application for nerve the initial dosage along with evaluation of the
and "Vitamin K". pain -- the most common effectiveness of the dosage and observation
used for the induction mixture is 10% ketoprofen, 5% for signs of oxygenation of tissue.
and maintenance of Lidocaine, and 10% ketamine.
general anesthesia, Other ingredients found useful Patients have better mobility and quality of
usually in combination by pain specialists and their life when receiving ketamine as an adjuvant
with some sedative drug patients as well as the therapy, which promotes assistance with their
compounding pharmacists who nursing care.
sedation in intensive make the topical mixtures
care, analgesia include amitryptiline, Side effects may occur from administering
(particularly in cyclobenzaprine, clonidine, ketamine and include nausea, vomiting,
emergency medicine), tramadol, and mepivicaine and dizziness, and emotional distress. Standard
and treatment of other longer-acting local orders help alleviate problems with those
bronchospasm. It is also anaesthetics. symptoms.
a popular anesthetic in  In emergency medicine in
veterinary medicine entrapped patients suffering
severe trauma[20]
Effects  Emergency surgery in field
conditions in war zones
Impairs all senses,  To supplement spinal / epidural
anesthesia / analgesia utilizing
especially: low doses
 Sight
 Balance
 Sense of time
Cardiovascular:
 Partial
depressant
Gastrointestinal:
 Nausea
Musculoskeletal:
 Relaxant
Neurological:
 Analgesia
Respiratory:
 Partial
depressant/stimu
lant

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NAME OF DRUG CLASSIFICATION AND ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

Less serious reactions: feeling

• Blocks dopamine receptors in

• Stimulates motility of the upper GI

NMDA receptor Contraindicated in patients Nursing considerations include close

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