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Area Control Error

Area Control Error (ACE) is a measurement of the difference between scheduled and actual electricity generation within a control area's power grid, taking into account frequency bias. Controllers strive to alternately over-generate and under-generate electricity rather than keeping generation in exact balance with consumption, aiming to cross zero ACE approximately 15 times per hour. The ACE calculation compares actual and scheduled net interchange, factoring in frequency bias and deviations from scheduled frequency and interchange energy.

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thangalakshmiprakash
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2K views

Area Control Error

Area Control Error (ACE) is a measurement of the difference between scheduled and actual electricity generation within a control area's power grid, taking into account frequency bias. Controllers strive to alternately over-generate and under-generate electricity rather than keeping generation in exact balance with consumption, aiming to cross zero ACE approximately 15 times per hour. The ACE calculation compares actual and scheduled net interchange, factoring in frequency bias and deviations from scheduled frequency and interchange energy.

Uploaded by

thangalakshmiprakash
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Area Control Error (ACE) is the difference between scheduled and actual electrical generation within a control area

on the power grid, taking frequency bias into account. To elaborate, generating an amount of electricity in exact equilibrium with consumption (load), is extremely difficult and also quite impractical. Instead, generation controllers strive to continually alternate between over- and under-generating. For instance, in the PJM control area, the generation dispatcher's official target is to cross the break-even point (i.e. a zero ACE value) fifteen times per hour. The formula for calculation of ACE follows: ACE = (NIA - NIS) - 10b (FA - FS) Tob + IME Where,

NIA represents actual net interchange (MWs) NIS represents scheduled net interchange (MWs) b represents the control area's frequency bias setting (MW/0.1 Hz) FA represents actual system frequency (Hz) FS represents scheduled system frequency (60.0 Hz in America) Tob represents scheduled interchange energy used to bilaterally correct inadvertent accumulations (MWs) IME represents a manually entered amount to compensate for known equipment error (MWs)

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