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    Math Ratio & Proportion

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    Vishal Gattani
    Ratio is a comparison of two or more quantities of the same kind by division. A ratio expresses the quantitative relation between two or more similar magnitudes. A proportion is an equality of two ratios where the cross product of the extremes equals the cross product of the means. Continued proportion occurs when three or more numbers are related such that the ratios of consecutive terms are equal. Properties of proportions include: if two ratios are equal their cross products are also equal, and ratios can be inverted, alternated, compounded, or divided while maintaining proportional equality.

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    Math Ratio & Proportion

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Gattani
    1K views4 pages
    Ratio is a comparison of two or more quantities of the same kind by division. A ratio expresses the quantitative relation between two or more similar magnitudes. A proportion is an equality of two ratios where the cross product of the extremes equals the cross product of the means. Continued proportion occurs when three or more numbers are related such that the ratios of consecutive terms are equal. Properties of proportions include: if two ratios are equal their cross products are also equal, and ratios can be inverted, alternated, compounded, or divided while maintaining proportional equality.

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    Ratio is a comparison of two or more quantities of the same kind by division. A ratio expresses the quantitative relation between two or more similar magnitudes. A proportion is an equality of two ratios where the cross product of the extremes equals the cross product of the means. Continued proportion occurs when three or more numbers are related such that the ratios of consecutive terms are equal. Properties of proportions include: if two ratios are equal their cross products are also equal, and ratios can be inverted, alternated, compounded, or divided while maintaining proportional equality.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    1K views4 pages

    Math Ratio & Proportion

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Gattani
    Ratio is a comparison of two or more quantities of the same kind by division. A ratio expresses the quantitative relation between two or more similar magnitudes. A proportion is an equality of two ratios where the cross product of the extremes equals the cross product of the means. Continued proportion occurs when three or more numbers are related such that the ratios of consecutive terms are equal. Properties of proportions include: if two ratios are equal their cross products are also equal, and ratios can be inverted, alternated, compounded, or divided while maintaining proportional equality.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    CPT Business Mathematics / Ratio & Proportion

    Gurudev Tutorials

    RATIO
    Ratio:- Ratio is a comparison of two or more quantities of the same kind
    by division (they must be in same units too). i.e. a/b is called ratio of a to b. it can be written as a:b (read as a is to b or a ratio b). a and b are called the terms of the ratio, a is called first term or antecedent and b is called second term or consequent.

    Remarks:
    Both terms of ratio can be multiplied or divided by same (non-zero) number. Usually a ratio is expressed in the lowest term (or simplest form). Ratio exists only between quantities of the same kind. Quantities to be compared (by division) must be in the same units. The order of the terms in ratio is important. To compare to ratios, convert them into equivalent like fractions. If a quantity is increased in the ratio a:b then new quantity = b/a times of the original quantity. o The fraction by which the original quantity is multiplied to get a new quantity is called the multiplying ratio (factor).

    Inverse Ratio:- One ratio is inverse of another if their product is 1. Thus


    a:b is the inverse ratio of b/a and vice versa.

    A ratio a:b is said to be of greater inequality if a > b and less inequality if a < b. The ratio compounded of the two ratios a:b and c:d is ac:bd. A ratio compounded of itself is called its Duplicate ratio. Thus a2 : b2 is the duplicate ratio of a:b. Similarly, a3 : b3 is the Triplicate ratio of a:b. Sub-Duplicate ratio of a:b is a1/2 : b1/2. Sub-Triplicate ratio of a:b is a1/3: b1/3. If the ratio of two similar quantities can be expressed as a ratio of two integers, the quantities are said to be commensurable; otherwise, they are said to be incommensurable. 31/2:21/2 cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers and therefore, 31/2 and 21/2 are incommensurable quantities.

    Page 1 of 4

    Compiled by CA Naveen Kumar Agrawal, +91 92164 08902.

    CPT Business Mathematics / Ratio & Proportion

    Gurudev Tutorials

    Continued Ratio:- Continued Ratio is the relation (or comparison)


    between the magnitudes of the same kind. The continued ratio of three similar quantities a, b, c is written as a : b : c.

    Some Techniques:
    1.

    If there are three quantities which are expressed into two ratios, e.g. let A, B & C are three quantities such that A:B = a:b and B:C = c:d then Combined Ratio of all the three quantities will be ac:bc:bd. A : B : C a : b c ac : bc : : d bd

    Note: Common quantity in the given two ratios should be placed between the other two quantities. For this necessary adjustment should be done in the ratio/s. 2. Divide the given Quantity / Amount in to given Ratio. Let A is to be divide in the ratio a:b:c, Then, First part = (a*A)/(a+b+c) Second part = (b*A)/(a+b+c) Third part = (c*A)/(a+b+c) Alternatively, this can also be done in the following manner: Let the three parts are ax, bx & cx respectively Then, ax + bx+ cx = A x (a + b + c) = A x = A / (a + b + c) after finding the value of x calculate each part by multiplying the value of x with a, b & c respectively.

    Page 2 of 4

    Compiled by CA Naveen Kumar Agrawal, +91 92164 08902.

    CPT Business Mathematics / Ratio & Proportion

    Gurudev Tutorials

    PROPORTION
    Proportion: An equality of two ratios is called a Proportion.
    Four quantities are said to be in proportion if a : b = c : d (also written as a:b :: c:d). a / b = c / d ad = bc a, b, c, d are called the terms of the proportion

    First & fourth terms are called extremes. Second & third terms are called means (or middle terms). Product of extremes = Product of means. (Cross Product Rule)

    Continued Proportion: When three or more numbers are so related


    that the first to the second, the ratio of the second to the third, third to fourth, etc. are all equal, the numbers are said to be in continued proportion. Written as: a/b = b/c = c/d = d/e = when a, b, c, d, e are in continued proportion. If a, b, c are in continued proportion, then middle term b is called the mean proportional between the first proportional a and third proportional c. a:b=b:c b2 = ac b = (ac)1/2 If a ratio is equal to the reciprocal of the other, then either of them is in inverse (reciprocal) proportion of the other. e.g. 3/4 is in inverse proportion of 4/3 and vice versa. Note: In a ratio both quantities must be of the same kind while in the proportion all the four quantities need not be of the same type. The first two quantities should be of the same kind and last two quantities should be of the same kind.

    Properties of proportion:
    1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

    If a : b = c : d, then ad = bc (By cross multiplication) If a : b = c : d, then b : a = d : c (Invertando) If a : b = c : d, then a: c = b : d (Alternando) If a : b = c : d, then (a + b) : b = (c + d) : d (Componando) If a : b = c : d, then (a - b) : b = (c - d) : d (Dividendo)
    Compiled by CA Naveen Kumar Agrawal, +91 92164 08902.

    Page 3 of 4

    CPT Business Mathematics / Ratio & Proportion 6. If a : b = c : d, then (a + b) : (a b) 7. 8.

    Gurudev Tutorials

    = (c + d) : (c d) (Componando &

    Dividendo) If a : b = c : d = e : f = .., then (a + c + e + .) : (b + d + f +.) (Addendo) If a : b = c : d = e : f = .., then (a - c - e - .) : (b - d - f - .) (Subtrahendo)

    Page 4 of 4

    Compiled by CA Naveen Kumar Agrawal, +91 92164 08902.

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