Category

NMOGa
MDV1, 0-3750 lbs
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
MDV2, 3751-5750 lbs
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
SULEV
MDV3, 5751-8500 lbs
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
SULEV
MDV4, 8501-10,000 lbs
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
SULEV
MDV5, 10,001-14,000 lbs
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
SULEV

50,000 miles/5 years

CO
NOx
PM

HCHO

0.25
0.13
0.08

3.4
3.4
1.7

0.4 0.4 0.2 -

0.32
0.16
0.1
0.05

4.4
4.4
4.4
2.2

0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 -

0.39
0.2
0.12
0.06

5
5
5
2.5

1.1 0.6 0.6 0.3 -

0.46
0.23
0.14
0.07

5.5
5.5
5.5
2.8

1.3 0.7 0.7 0.35 -

0.6
0.3
0.18
0.09

7
7
7
3.5

2110.5 -

NMOGa

120,000 miles/11 years

CO
NOx
PM

HCHO

0.02
0.01

0.36
0.18
0.11

5
5
2.5

0.55
0.6
0.3

0.08 0.08
0.04

0.02
0.01

0.02
0.01
0

0.46
0.23
0.14
0.07

6.4
6.4
6.4
3.2

0.98
0.6
0.6
0.3

0.1 0.1
0.05
0.05

0.03
0.01
0.01

0.02
0.01
0.01

0.56
0.28
0.17
0.08

7.3
7.3
7.3
3.7

1.53
0.9
0.9
0.45

0.12 0.12
0.06
0.06

0.03
0.02
0.01

0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01

0.66
0.33
0.2
0.1

8.1
8.1
8.1
4.1

1.81
1
1
0.5

0.12 0.12
0.06
0.06

0.04
0.02
0.01

0.04
0.02
0.01

0.86
0.43
0.26
0.13

10.3
10.3
10.3
5.2

2.77
1.5
1.5
0.7

0.12 0.12
0.06
0.06

0.05
0.03
0.01

a - NMHC for all Tier 1 standards

Abbreviations:
MDV - medium-duty vehicle (the maximum GVWR from 8,500 to 14,000 lbs). The MDV category is divided into five classes, MDV1 .. MDV5, based on vehicle test weight. The definition of
test weight in California is identical to the Federal ALVW.
NMOG - non-methane organic gases
HCHO - formaldehyde

EU Emission Standards for HD Diesel Engines, g/kWh (smoke in m-1)

Tier
Date
Test
CO
HC
NOx
PM
Smoke
ECE R-49
Euro I
1992,
4.5
1.1
8
0.61
< 85 kW
1992,
4.5
1.1
8
0.36
> 85 kW
Euro II
1996.1
4
1.1
7
0.25
1998.1
4
1.1
7
0.15
Euro III 1999.10, ESC &
1.5
0.25
2
0.02
0.15
EEVs
ELR
only
2000.1 ESC &
2.1
0.66
5
0.1
0.8
ELR
0.13a
Euro IV
Euro V
Euro VI

2005.1
2008.1
2013.01

1.5
1.5
1.5

0.46
0.46
0.13

3.5
2
0.4

0.02
0.02
0.01

0.5
0.5

a - for engines of less than 0.75 dm3 swept volume per cylinder and a rated power speed of more than 3000 min-1

CO
Euro V

1.5
1.12

HC
0.46
0.34

NOx
2
1.49

PM
0.02
0.01

g/kWhr
g/BHPhr

Emission Standards for Locomotives, g/bhphr

Duty Cycle
HC*
CO
NOx
Tier 0 (1973 - 2001)
Line-haul
1
5
9.5
Switch
2.1
8
14
Tier 1 (2002 - 2004)
Line-haul
0.55
2.2
7.4
Switch
1.2
2.5
11
Tier 2 (2005 and later)
Line-haul
0.3
1.5
5.5
Switch
0.6
2.4
8.1
Non-Regulated Locomotives (1997 estimates)
Line-haul
0.5
1.5
13.5
Switch
1.1
2.4
19.8
* - HC standard is in the form of THC for diesel engines

Smoke Standards for Locomotives, % opacity - normalized

Steady- 30-sec
3-sec
state
peak
peak
Tier 0
30
40
50
Tier 1
25
40
50
Tier 2
20
40
50

PM
0.6
0.72
0.45
0.54
0.2
0.24
0.34
0.41

Tier 4 Emission StandardsEngines Up To 560 kW, g/kWh (g/bhp-hr)

Engine Power
Year
CO
NMHC NMHC+
NOx
NOx
kW < 8
(hp < 11)
8 kW < 19
(11 hp < 25)
19 kW < 37

2008 8.0 (6.0) -

7.5 (5.6) -

2008 6.6 (4.9) -

7.5 (5.6) -

2008 5.5 (4.1) -

7.5 (5.6) -

(25 hp < 50)

2013 5.5 (4.1) -

4.7 (3.5) -

37 kW < 56

2008 5.0 (3.7) -

4.7 (3.5) -

(50 hp < 75)

2013 5.0 (3.7) -

4.7 (3.5) -

56 kW < 130
(75 hp < 175)
130 kW 560
(175 hp 750)

20122014c
20112014d

5.0 (3.7) 0.19

(0.14)
3.5 (2.6) 0.19
(0.14)

0.40
(0.30)
0.40
(0.30)

PM

0.4a
(0.3)
0.4 (0.3)
0.3
(0.22)
0.03
(0.022)
0.3b
(0.22)
0.03
(0.022)
0.02
(0.015)
0.02
(0.015)

a - hand-startable, air-cooled, DI engines may be certified to Tier 2 standards through 2009 and to an optional PM
standard of 0.6 g/kWh starting in 2010
b - 0.4 g/kWh (Tier 2) if manufacturer complies with the 0.03 g/kWh standard from 2012
c - PM/CO: full compliance from 2012; NOx/HC: Option 1 (if banked Tier 2 credits used)50% engines must comply in
2012-2013; Option 2 (if no Tier 2 credits claimed)25% engines must comply in 2012-2014, with full compliance from
2014.12.31
d - PM/CO: full compliance from 2011; NOx/HC: 50% engines must comply in 2011-2013

EPA Tier 1-3 Nonroad Diesel Engine Emission Standards, g/kWh (g/bhphr)
Engine Power
Tier
Year
CO
HC
NMHC+
NOx
PM
NOx
kW < 8
Tier 1
2000 8.0 (6.0) 10.5
1.0
(7.8)
(0.75)
(hp < 11)
Tier 2
2005 8.0 (6.0) 7.5 (5.6) 0.8 (0.6)
8 kW < 19

Tier 1

2000 6.6 (4.9) -

9.5 (7.1) -

0.8 (0.6)

(11 hp < 25)

Tier 2

2005 6.6 (4.9) -

7.5 (5.6) -

0.8 (0.6)

19 kW < 37

Tier 1

1999 5.5 (4.1) -

9.5 (7.1) -

0.8 (0.6)

(25 hp < 50)

Tier 2

2004 5.5 (4.1) -

7.5 (5.6) -

37 kW < 75

Tier 1

1998 -

(50 hp < 100)

Tier 2

2004 5.0 (3.7) -

7.5 (5.6) -

0.4 (0.3)

Tier 3

2008 5.0 (3.7) -

4.7 (3.5) -

75 kW < 130

Tier 1

1997 -

(100 hp < 175)

Tier 2

2003 5.0 (3.7) -

6.6 (4.9) -

Tier 3

2007 5.0 (3.7) -

4.0 (3.0) -

130 kW < 225

Tier 1

(175 hp < 300)

Tier 2

1996 11.4
1.3 (1.0) 9.2 (6.9) 0.54
(8.5)
(0.4)
2003 3.5 (2.6) 6.6 (4.9) 0.2
(0.15)
2006 3.5 (2.6) 4.0 (3.0) -

Tier 3
225 kW < 450

Tier 1

(300 hp < 600)

Tier 2
Tier 3

450 kW < 560

Tier 1

(600 hp < 750)

Tier 2
Tier 3

kW 560

Tier 1

(hp 750)

Tier 2

0.6
(0.45)
9.2 (6.9) -

9.2 (6.9) 0.3

(0.22)
-

1996 11.4
1.3 (1.0) 9.2 (6.9) 0.54
(8.5)
(0.4)
2001 3.5 (2.6) 6.4 (4.8) 0.2
(0.15)
2006 3.5 (2.6) 4.0 (3.0) -
1996 11.4
1.3 (1.0) 9.2 (6.9) 0.54
(8.5)
(0.4)
0.2
2002 3.5 (2.6) 6.4 (4.8) (0.15)
2006 3.5 (2.6) 4.0 (3.0) -
2000 11.4
1.3 (1.0) 9.2 (6.9) 0.54
(8.5)
(0.4)
0.2
2006 3.5 (2.6) 6.4 (4.8) (0.15)

 Not adopted, engines must meet Tier 2 PM standard.

US and California Certification Diesel Fuel for 2007 and Later MY Vehicles

Fuel Property

Unit

Cetane Number
Cetane Index
Distillation
Range
IBP
10% point
50% point
90% point
EP
API Gravity
Total Sulfur
Nitrogen
content (max)
Total Aromatic
Hydrocarbons

California ASTM Test

1-D
40-54

2-D
40-50

40-54

40-50

47-55

D613
D976
D86

ppmw
ppmw

330-390 340-400 340-420

370-430 400-460 400-490
410-480 470-540 470-560
460-520 560-630 550-610
500-560 610-690 580-660
40-44
32-37
33-39
D287
15-Jul
15-Jul
15-Jul D2622
100-500

% (vol.) 8 (min)a 27
(min)a

Polycyclic
% (wt.)
Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Flashpoint (min) F
Viscosity @
40F

Federal

mm2/s

12-Aug D1319
1.4 (max)

120
1.6-2.0

130
2.0-3.2

compare Table 1 for California test procedures

a - remainder shall be paraffins, naphthenes, and olefins

130 D93
2.0-4.1

D445

U.S. Supplemental Federal Test Procedure Tier 2 Light-duty Vehicle Emission Standards

50,000 miles
120,000 miles
NMOG
CO
NOx
PM
HCHO
NMOG
CO
NOx*
PM
Temporary Bins
c
MDPV
0.2
5.0
0.6
0.02
0.28
7.3
0.9
0.12
0.4
0.6
0.08
10a,b,d,f
0.125 3.4 (4.4)
0.015
0.156 4.2 (6.4)
(0.160)
(0.018) (0.230)
a,b,e
9
0.075
3.4
0.2
0.02
0.090
4.2
0.3
0.06
(0.140)
(0.180)
Permanent Bins
8b
0.100
3.4
0.14
0.02
0.125
4.2
0.2
0.02
(0.125)
(0.156)
7
0.08
3.4
0.11
0.02
0.09
4.2
0.15
0.02
6
0.08
3.4
0.08
0.02
0.09
4.2
0.1
0.01
5
0.08
3.4
0.05
0.02
0.09
4.2
0.07
0.01
4
0.07
2.1
0.04
0.01
3
0.06
2.1
0.03
0.01
2
0.01
2.1
0.02
0.01
1
0
0
0
0
* - average manufacturer fleet NOx standard is 0.07 g/mi

Bin#

NOx+NMHC
[g/mi]

10a,b,d,f
9a,b,e

0.65

SC03
3.0

0.52

3.0

9.0

3.4

0.51
0.49

3.0
3.0

9.0
9.0

3.4
3.4

0.48
0.47
0.46
0.45
0.43
0.42

3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0

9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0

3.4
3.4
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.2

0.71
0.68
0.66
0.65
0.63
0.62

3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7

11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1

4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
3.5
3.5

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07

0.6

3.7

11.1

3.5

0.07

0.59

3.7

11.1

2.7

0.06

HCHO
0.03
0.018
(0.027)
0.02

0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0
0

a - Bin deleted at end of 2006 model year (2008 for HLDTs)

b - The higher temporary NMOG, CO and HCHO values apply only to HLDTs and expire after 2008
c - An additional temporary bin restricted to MDPVs, expires after model year 2008
d - Optional temporary NMOG standard of 0.195 g/mi (50,000) and 0.280 g/mi (120,000) applies for qualifying
LDT4s and MDPVs only
e - Optional temporary NMOG standard of 0.100 g/mi (50,000) and 0.130 g/mi (120,000) applies for qualifying
LDT2s only
f - 50,000 mile standard optional for diesels certified to bin 10

8b
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8b
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

CO
[g/mi]
US06
9.0

PM
[g/mi]
Weighted (*)

3.4

50,000 miles

Bin#

120,000 miles

U.S. Federal Test Procedure Tier 2 Light-duty Vehicle Emission Standards

Additionally all certified vehicles need to fullfill following standards at 4,000 miles
Category
NMOG

Tier 1
TLEV
LEV
ULEV

0.25
0.13
0.08
0.04

Category
LEV
ULEV
SULEV

NMOG
0.08
0.04
-

50,000 miles/5 years

CO
NOx
PM
HCHO NMOGa
Passenger cars
3.4
0.4
0.08
0.31
3.4
0.4
0.02
0.16
3.4
0.2
0.02
0.09
1.7
0.2
0.01
0.06
50,000 miles/5 years
CO
NOx
PM
3.4
0.05 1.7
0.05 -

Simplified Table FTP Standards

Bin#
50,000 miles
NMOG
CO
NOx
PM
MDPVc
0.6
a,b,d,f
10
0.13
3.4
0.4
0.08
3.4
0.2
9a,b,e
8b
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

0.1
0.08
0.08
0.08
-

3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
-

0.14
0.11
0.08
0.05
-

HCHO
NMOG
0.02
0.09
0.01
0.06
0.01

HCHO

100,000 miles/10 years

CO
NOx
PM
4.2
4.2
4.2
2.1

0.6
0.6
0.3
0.3

0.08
0.08
0.04

120,000 miles/11 years

CO
NOx
PM
4.2
0.07
0.01
2.1
0.07
0.01
1
0.02
0.01

0.02
0.02

NMOG
0.28
0.16
0.09

CO
7.3
4.2
4.2

0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
-

0.13
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.01
0

4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
0

120,000 miles
NOx*
PM
0.9
0.12
0.6
0.08
0.3
0.06
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.02
0

0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0

HCHO
0.02
0.02
0.01

HCHO
0.02
0.01
0

HCHO
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0
0

US06
NMHC+NOx
CO
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
0.14
8

SC03
NMHC+NOx
[g/mi]
0.2

(*): 35% FTP + 28% US06 + 37% SC03

CO
[g/mi]
2.7

FTP Emissions at 50,000 and 120,000 miles

Tailpipe emission levels at 50,000 miles
Targeted
Emission Bin
NOx
NMHC
CO
PM
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
10
0.320
0.100
2.72
9
0.160
0.060
2.72
8
0.112
0.080
2.72
7
0.088
0.060
2.72
6
0.064
0.060
2.72
5
0.040
0.060
2.72
4
3
2
1
Engineering
target factor

Tailpipe emission levels at 120,000 miles

NOx
NMHC
CO
PM
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
0.480
0.125
3.36
0.06
0.240
0.072
3.36
0.05
0.160
0.100
3.36
0.02
0.120
0.072
3.36
0.02
0.080
0.072
3.36
0.01
0.056
0.072
3.36
0.01
0.032
0.056
1.68
0.01
0.024
0.044
1.68
0.01
0.016
0.008
1.68
0.01
0.000
0.000
0.0
0.00

80%

SFTP Emissions at 50,000 and 120,000 miles

Tailpipe emission levels at 50,000 miles
Targeted
Emission Bin
NOx+NMHC
CO
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
SC03
US06
10
0.520
2.4
7.2
9
0.416
2.4
7.2
8
0.408
2.4
7.2
7
0.392
2.4
7.2
6
0.384
2.4
7.2
5
0.376
2.4
7.2
4
0.368
2.4
7.2
3
0.360
2.4
7.2
2
0.344
2.4
7.2
1
0.336
2.4
7.2
Engineering
target factor

80%

SFTP Emissions at 4,000 miles

US06
NMHC+NOx
CO
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
0.11
6.4
Engineering
target factor

SC03
NMHC+N
Ox
[g/mi]
0.16

80%

CO
[g/mi]
2.16

Weighted
2.72
2.72
2.72
2.72
2.72
2.72
2.32
2.32
2.32
1.76

Tailpipe emission levels at 120,000 miles

Targeted
Emission Bin
NOx+NMHC
CO
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
SC03
US06
8
0.568
3.0
8.9
7
0.544
3.0
8.9
6
0.528
3.0
8.9
5
0.520
3.0
8.9
4
0.504
3.0
8.9
3
0.496
3.0
8.9
2
0.480
3.0
8.9
1
0.472
3.0
8.9

PM
[g/mi]
Weighted
3.36
3.36
3.36
3.36
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.16

0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05

Target vehicle engine out level

FTP
US06
SC03

NOx
[g/mi]
0.35
0.80
0.40

NMHC
[g/mi]
2.00
3.00
3.00

CO
[g/mi]
8.00
9.00
5.00

PM
[g/mi]
0.09
0.10
0.10

Required ECS efficiency to reach emission standards

FTP
emissions standards
Targeted
Emission Efficiency levels at 50,000 miles
Bin
NOx
NMHC
CO
PM
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
10
-14%
94%
58%
9
43%
96%
58%
8
60%
95%
58%
7
69%
96%
58%
6
77%
96%
58%
5
86%
96%
58%
4
3
2
1
-

Efficiency levels at 120,000 miles

NOx
NMHC
CO
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
-71%
92%
48%
14%
96%
48%
43%
94%
48%
57%
96%
48%
71%
96%
48%
80%
96%
48%
89%
97%
74%
91%
97%
74%
94%
100%
74%
100%
100%
100%

PM
[g/mi]
11%
33%
78%
78%
89%
89%
89%
89%
89%
100%

Required ECS efficiency to reach engineering targets

FTP
emissions standards
Targeted
Emission Efficiency levels at 50,000 miles
Bin
NOx
NMHC
CO
PM
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
10
9%
95%
66%
9
54%
97%
66%
8
68%
96%
66%
7
75%
97%
66%
6
82%
97%
66%
5
89%
97%
66%
4
3
2
1
-

Efficiency levels at 120,000 miles

NOx
NMHC
CO
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
-37%
94%
58%
31%
96%
58%
54%
95%
58%
66%
96%
58%
77%
96%
58%
84%
96%
58%
91%
97%
79%
93%
98%
79%
95%
100%
79%
100%
100%
100%

PM
[g/mi]
29%
47%
82%
82%
91%
91%
91%
91%
91%
100%

Required ECS efficiency to reach emission standards

SFTP emissions standards
50,000 miles
NOx+NM
Bin#
HC
[g/mi]

10a,b,d,f
9a,b,e
8b
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

79%
83%
84%
84%
85%
85%
85%
86%
86%
87%

SC03
40%
40%
40%
40%
40%
40%
40%
40%
40%
40%

CO
[g/mi]
US06
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

120,000 miles
Bin# NOx+NMH
C
[g/mi]

Weighted

8b
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

53%
53%
53%
53%
53%
53%
60%
60%
60%
69%

77%
78%
79%
79%
80%
80%
81%
81%

SC03
26%
26%
26%
26%
26%
26%
26%
26%

CO
[g/mi]
US06
-23%
-23%
-23%
-23%
-23%
-23%
-23%
-23%

SC03
41%
41%
41%
41%
41%
41%
41%
41%

CO
[g/mi]
US06
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%

PM
[g/mi]
Weighted

-55%
-55%
-55%
-55%
-55%
-55%
-55%
-55%

27%
27%
27%
27%
27%
27%
27%
38%

Required ECS efficiency to reach engineering targets

SFTP emissions standards
50,000 miles
NOx+NM
Bin#
HC
[g/mi]

10a,b,d,f
9a,b,e
8b
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

83%
87%
87%
88%
88%
88%
88%
89%
89%
89%

SC03
52%
52%
52%
52%
52%
52%
52%
52%
52%
52%

CO
[g/mi]
US06
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%

120,000 miles
Bin# NOx+NMH

62%
62%
62%
62%
62%
62%
68%
68%
68%
75%

Required ECS efficiency to reach engineering targets

SFTP Emissions at 4,000 miles
US06
NMHC+N
Ox
CO
[g/mi]
[g/mi]
97%
29%

SC03
NMHC+N
Ox
[g/mi]
95%

CO
[g/mi]
57%

C
[g/mi]

Weighted

8b
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

82%
83%
83%
83%
84%
84%
85%
85%

PM
[g/mi]
Weighted

53%
53%
53%
53%
61%
61%
61%
70%

42%
42%
42%
42%
42%
42%
42%
50%