Earth in The Universe
Earth in The Universe
Earth in The Universe
UNIVERSE
J.T. II Olivar, MAEd
Faculty of Arts and Letters
University of Santo Tomas
Outline of the Lecture
CelestialSphere
Earth’s Simultaneous Motions
Parallax
Celestial Sphere
Celestial Sphere
The apparent sphere of the sky
A great circle – Ecliptic
Earth’s simultaneous
motions
The daily rotation of the Earth on its
axis
The annual revolution of the Earth
around the Sun
– Prograde motion
(west-to-east) revolution
– Retrograde motion
(east-to-west) revolution
Precession
Sidereal period
Is defined as the time interval
between two successive conjunctions
of the planet with a star
Meaning the planet and star are
together on the same meridian as
observed from the Sun
Synodic period
Is the time interval between two
successive conjunctions (either
inferior or superior) of the planet with
the sun
Where the planet and the Sun are on
the same meridian as observed from
the Earth
Foucault pendulum
JeanFoucault
1851
French engineer
Parallax
As the Earth orbits the Sun once a
year, the apparent positions of
nearby stars change with respect to
more distant stars.
Is the apparent motion, or shift, that
occurs between two fixed objects
when the observer changes position.
1838
Friedrich W. Bessel (1784-1846)
German astronomer and
Aberration of Starlight
Is defined as the apparent
displacement in the direction of light
coming from a star because of the
orbital motion of the Earth.
The great distances to stars are
measured in a unit called the parsec.
sec-measurement of angles
parsec is defined as the distance to a
star when the star exhibits a parallax
of 1 s.