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Lecture 9

The document describes several types of 2D geometric transformations including translation, scaling, rotation, reflection, and shearing. Translation moves an object along a straight path by adding distances to the x- and y-coordinates. Scaling enlarges or reduces an object by multiplying coordinates by scaling factors. Rotation turns an object around a fixed point by a certain angle in the counter-clockwise or clockwise direction.

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117 views

Lecture 9

The document describes several types of 2D geometric transformations including translation, scaling, rotation, reflection, and shearing. Translation moves an object along a straight path by adding distances to the x- and y-coordinates. Scaling enlarges or reduces an object by multiplying coordinates by scaling factors. Rotation turns an object around a fixed point by a certain angle in the counter-clockwise or clockwise direction.

Uploaded by

api-3754855
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of transformations

Chapter 5: 2-D Geometric


 Translation.
Transformations  Scaling.
 Rotation.
Translation, Scaling & Rotation
 Reflection.
 Shearing.

Translation Translation
 A translation is applied to an object by  Translation can be represented as a single
repositioning it along a straight line path from matrix:
one coordinate location to another.  P’ = P + T
 This is done by adding translation distances  P = [x y]T , P’ = [x’ y’]T , T = [tx ty]T
tx and ty to the original coordinate position  Translation is a rigid body transformation that
(x,y) to move it to a point (x’,y’). moves the body without any deformation.
 x’ = x + tx & y’ = y + ty That is, every point on the object is translated
 (tx,ty) is called ad the translation vector or shift by the same amount
vector

1
Point translation Object translation

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
P’

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

A similar method can be used


to translate objects

Translation of other objects Rotation


 What about translating circles and ellipses?  A 2D rotation is applied to an object by
 You should know the answer …….. repositioning it along a circular path in the xy
plane.
 .
 To generate a rotation, we specify:
 .  Rotation angle θ and
 .  A Rotation/pivot point. The point about which the
 Translate the center coordinates and redraw object is to be rotated.
the figure in the new location.  Positive values of θ define counter clockwise
rotation and negative values of θ define
clockwise rotation.

2
Rotation

P’
Derivation of the rotation matrix

θ P

Rotation is also a rigid


body transformation

Scaling Scaling
 Scaling transformation alters the size of an  sx scales in the x-direction and sy scales in
object. the y-direction.
 This is done by multiplying the coordinate  Values < 1, reduces the size of the object
values (x,y) of each vertex of a polygon by  Values > 1, increases the size of the object
scaling factors sx and sy to get transformed  Value = 1, no change in the size of the object
coordinates (x’,y’):
 x’ = x.sx & y’ = y.sy

3
Effect of the scaling factors
 sx = sy  uniform scaling.
 sx > sy  resize more in the x-direction.
 sy > sx  resize more in the y-direction.
 sx = sy = 1, no scaling.
 Objects are scaled as well as repositioned.
 If we scale down, the object moves towards the
origin.
 If we scale up, the object moves away from the
origin.

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