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Ch 16 - Part I - Homework - Dr. No

Due: 11:59pm on Monday, November 7, 2011
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Activity: DNA and RNA Structure

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions. Part A In the accompanying image, a nucleotide is indicated by the letter _____.

ANSWER:

C A D

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E B

Correct
B is indicating a single nucleotide.

Part B Which of these is a difference between a DNA and an RNA molecule? ANSWER:

DNA is a polymer composed of nucleotides, whereas RNA is a polymer composed of nucleic acids. DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is single-stranded. DNA contains uracil, whereas RNA contains thymine. DNA contains nitrogenous bases, whereas RNA contains phosphate groups. DNA contains five-carbon sugars, whereas RNA contains six-carbon sugars.

Correct

(With some exceptions) DNA is a double-stranded molecule and RNA is a single-stranded molecule.

Part C This is an image of a(n) _____.

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ANSWER:

none of the above thiol nucleic acid nucleotide amino acid

Correct

Nucleotides are composed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

Part D The letter A indicates a _____.

ANSWER:

sugar nucleotide none of the above nitrogenous base phosphate group

Correct

Phosphate groups contain phosphorus..

Part E A nitrogenous base is indicated by the letter _____.

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ANSWER:

C A B E D

Correct

This is a nitrogenous base.

Part F You can tell that this is an image of a DNA nucleotide and not an RNA nucleotide because you see a _____.

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ANSWER:

double-stranded molecule, not a single-stranded molecule sugar with two, and not three, oxygen atoms uracil nitrogenous base, not a thymine nitrogenous base phosphate group, not a uracil thymine nitrogenous base, not a uracil nitrogenous base

Correct

DNA nucleotides are composed of deoxyribose sugars, whereas RNA nucleotides are composed of ribose sugars.

Part G Which of these nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but not in RNA? ANSWER:

adenine thymine uracil guanine cytosine

Correct

DNA contains thymine; RNA does not.

Part H Which of these is(are) pyrimidines?

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ANSWER:

B and C A and B B, C, and D A, B, and C C, D, and E

Correct

Pyrimidines are single-ring structures.

Part I In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon and the phosphate group is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon. ANSWER:

2' ... 1' 2' ... 3' 1' ... 5' 1' ... 2' 1' ... 3'

Correct

The nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar's 1' carbon and the phosphate group is attached to the sugar's 5' carbon.

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Part J Nucleic acids are assembled in the _____ direction. ANSWER:

4' to 5' 2' to 3' 5' to 1' 5' to 3' 1' to 5'

Correct

New nucleotides are added to the 3' end of a growing polynucleotide.

Part K In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand. ANSWER:

thymine ... cytosine cytosine ... uracil guanine ... adenine uracil ... cytosine cytosine ... thymine

Correct

This is referred to as specific base pairing.

Activity: DNA Double Helix

Click here to complete this activity.

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Then answer the questions. Part A In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand. ANSWER:

guanine ... adenine cytosine ... uracil uracil ... cytosine thymine ... cytosine cytosine ... thymine

Correct

This is referred to as specific base pairing.

Activity: The Hershey-Chase Experiment

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions. Part A This is an image of a _____.

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ANSWER:

red blood cell phage bacterium protist moneran

Correct

This is a T2 phage, a type of phage that infects E. coli.

Part B Who demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage? ANSWER:

Meselson and Stahl Darwin and Wallace Franklin Hershey and Chase Watson and Crick

Correct

Hershey and Chase did a series of classic experiments demonstrating that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage.

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Part C The radioactive isotope 32P labels the T2 phage's _____. ANSWER:

tail base plate protein coat head DNA

Correct

The T2 phage consists of a protein coat and DNA. It is the DNA that contains P.

Part D Hershey and Chase used _____ to radioactively label the T2 phage's proteins. ANSWER:

32P 14C 35S 222Ra 92U

Correct

Hershey and Chase used radioactive sulfur to label the phage's proteins.

Part E After allowing phages grown with bacteria in a medium that contained 32P and 35S, Hershey and Chase used a centrifuge to separate the phage ghosts from the infected cell. They then examined the infected cells and found that they contained _____, which demonstrated that _____ is the phage's genetic material. ANSWER:

labeled DNA ... labeled protein labeled DNA .... protein labeled protein ... DNA labeled DNA ... DNA labeled protein .... protein

Correct

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Since the phage DNA entered the infected cell, it makes sense that DNA is the genetic material.

Chapter 16 Pre-Test Question 1

Part A Griffith's experiments with S. pneumoniae were significant because they showed that traits could be transferred from one organism to another. What else did he find that was significant? Hint A.1 Hint not displayed

ANSWER:

A virus made the bacteria pathogenic. Heat kills bacteria. Protein could not be the genetic material. The transferred traits were heritable. DNA was the genetic material.

Correct

The fact that offspring of transformed bacteria also showed the pathogenic trait meant that the transforming agent had to be involved with the genetic material.

Chapter 16 Pre-Test Question 2

Part A In the Hershey and Chase experiment that helped confirm that DNA, not protein, was the hereditary material, what was the key finding? Hint A.1 Hint not displayed

ANSWER:

Radioactively labeled sulfur was present inside the infected bacteria. Radioactively labeled sulfur was found outside of the infected bacteria. Radioactively labeled carbon was present inside the infected bacteria.

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Radioactively labeled phosphorus was present inside the infected bacteria. Radioactively labeled phosphorus was found outside of the infected bacteria.

Correct
When the bacteria had been infected with T2 phage whose DNA was tagged with radioactive phosphorus, the pellet of mainly bacterial material contained most of the radioactivity, indicating that the labeled phage DNA had entered the cells.

Chapter 16 Pre-Test Question 3

Part A Who conducted the X-ray diffraction studies that were key to the discovery of the structure of DNA? Hint A.1 Hint not displayed

ANSWER:

Griffith Franklin Chargaff McClintock Meselson and Stahl

Correct

Rosalind Franklin conducted these X-ray diffraction studies of DNA.

Chapter 16 Question 1
Part A In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, Griffith found that ANSWER:

the protein coat from pathogenic cells was able to transform nonpathogenic cells.

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the polysaccharide coat of bacteria caused pneumonia. heat-killed pathogenic cells caused pneumonia. bacteriophages injected DNA into bacteria. some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.

Correct

Chapter 16 Question 3
Part A In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules? ANSWER:

A=G A+T=G+T A=C A+G=C+T G=T

Correct

Chapter 16 Question 6
Part A E. coli cells grown on medium are transferred to medium and allowed to grow for two

more generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment? ANSWER:

one high-density and one intermediate-density band one low-density band one intermediate-density band one low-density and one intermediate-density band one high-density and one low-density band

Correct

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Chapter 16 Misconception Question 4

Part A Meselson and Stahl cultured E. coli for several generations in a medium with a heavy isotope of nitrogen, 15N. They transferred the bacteria to a medium with a light isotope of nitrogen, 14 N. After two rounds of DNA replication, half the DNA molecules were light (both strands had 14N) and half were hybrids (15N-14N). What did the researchers conclude from these results? ANSWER:

DNA replication is semiconservative. Opposite DNA strands are complementary to each other. The nitrogenous bases in DNA molecules incorporate both 15N and 14N.

Correct

Correct! Read about Meselson and Stahls experiment in Inquiry Figure 16.11.

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 99.5%. You received 23.88 out of a possible total of 24 points.