DRUG STUDY DRUG NAME Generic Name: Ampicillin Brand Name: Omnipen Classification: Antibiotics ACTION DOSAGE INDICATION

To prevent endocarditis in patients having dental, GI, and GU procedures. CONTRAINDICATI ONS Hypersensitivity to ampicillin, any component of the formulation, or other penicillins NURSING CONSIDERATION Most Common: y Before giving drug, ask Hypersensitivity, patient about allergic Nausea, Vomiting, reaction to penicillin. Gastritis, Stomatitis y Obtain specimen for culture and sensitivity test before giving. y Give drug 1 or 2 hours before or 2 to 3 hours after meals. GI disturbances. Food may interfere with absorption. ADVERSE EFFECT

Inhibits cell 500 mg IV q 6 wall synthesis during bacterial multiplication

DRUG NAME Generic Name: Ketorolac

ACTION

DOSAGE

INDICATION

CONTRAINDICATIONS

ADVERSE EFFECT Most Common: Headache, Dizziness, Drowsiness, Diarrhea, Nausea, Dyspepsia, Epigastric Pain, Edema

May inhibit 30 mg IV x 4 Short term Hypersensitivity to prostaglandin doses q 6 management of ketorolac, aspirin, other synthesis, to moderately NSAIDs, or any produce anti severe, acute component of the Brand Name: inflammatory, pain, for single formulation; patients who Toradol analgesics and dose treatment have developed nasal antipyretic polyps, angioedema, or Classification: effects. bronchospastic reactions to NSAID other NSAIDs; active or history of peptic ulcer disease; recent or history of GI bleeding or perforation; patients with advanced renal disease or risk of renal failure; labor and delivery; nursing mothers; prophylaxis before major surgery; suspected or confirmed cerebrovascular bleeding; hemorrhagic diathesis; concurrent ASA or other NSAIDs; epidural or intrathecal administration; concomitant probenecid; pregnancy (3rd trimester

NURSING CONSIDERATION y Carefully observe patients with coagulopathies and those taking anticoagulants. Drug inhibits platelet aggregation and can prolong bleeding time. y NSAID`s may mask signs and symptoms of infection because of their antipyretic and anti inflammatory actions. y Serious GI toxicity, including peptic ulcers and bleeding, can occur in patient taking NSAID`s, despite lack of symptoms.

DRUG NAME Generic Name: Co Amoxiclav

ACTION

DOSAGE

INDICATION Lower respiratory tract infections, otitis media, sinusitis, skin and skinstructure infections, and urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by susceptible strains of gramnegative and gram-positive organisms

CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity to penicillin Also: previous coamoxiclav or penicillin associated jaundice or hepatic (liver) dysfunction

Inhibits 600 mg IV q 8 enzymes involved in Brand Name: formation of Amoclav peptidoglycan layer of Classification: bacterial cell Broad wall. spectrum No effect on penicillin. human cell walls Bactericidal; only works on dividing bacteria. Well absorbed enterally. Clavulanic acid inhibits bacterial lactamase

NURSING CONSIDERATION Most Common: y Assess bowel pattern before Nausea; vomiting; rand during diarrhoea; shortness of treatment as breath, wheezing, rash, pseudomembrano itching, hives. us colitis may occur. y Report hematuria or oliguria as high doses can be nephrotoxic. y Assess respiratory status. y Observe for anaphylaxis. y Ensure that the patient has adequate fluid intake during any diarrhea attack. y Patients must ensure they take the full course of the medicine. y The medicine must be taken in equal doses around the clock to maintain level in the blood.

ADVERSE EFFECT

DRUG NAME Generic Name: Ranitidine Brand Name: Zantac Classification: Histamine2 antagonists

ACTION

DOSAGE

INDICATION Conditions where reduction of gastric secretion and acid output is desirable. Prophylaxis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients. Prophylaxis of recurrent hemorrhages in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers. Prevention of acid aspiration syndrome.

CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity ranitidine or component of formulation.

Competitively 50 mg IV q 8 inhibits action of histamine on the H2 at receptor sites of parietal cells, decreasing gastric acid

NURSING CONSIDERATION to Most Common: y Note presence of blood emesis, any Headache, Abdomial stool, or gastric the pain, Constipation, aspirate. Diarrhea, Nausea, y Drug may be Vomiting added to TPN solutions. y Inform client that Ranitidine may cause headache, constipation, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, stomach pain.

ADVERSE EFFECT

DRUG NAME Generic Name: Bisacodyl Brand Name: Dulcolax Classification: Laxatives

ACTION

DOSAGE

INDICATION Chronic constipation; preparation for surgery or rectal or bowel examination

CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity to drug or its component and in those with rectal bleeding, gastroenteritis, intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or other symptoms of appendicitis.

ADVERSE EFFECT Most Common: Stomach cramps, upset stomach, Diarrhea, Stomach and intestinal irritation, Faintness irritation or burning in the rectum (from suppositories)

Unknown. 2 Tabs @ HS Stimulant laxative that increases peristalsis, probably by direct effect in smooth muscle of the intestine, by irritating the muscle or stimulating the colonic intramural plexus. Drug also promotes fluid accumulation in colon and small intestine.

NURSING CONSIDERATION y Give drug at times that don`t interfere with scheduled activities or sleep. Soft, formed stools are usually produced 15 to 60 minutes after rectal use. y Before giving for constipation, determine whether patient has adequate fluid intake, exercise, and diet. y Tablets and suppositories are used together to clean the colon before and after surgery and before barium enema.

DRUG NAME Generic Name: Bisacodyl Brand Name: Fleet Laxatives Classification: Laxatives

CONTRAINDICATI ONS Unknown. 1 supp Chronic Hypersensitivity to Stimulant rectum @ constipation; drug or its component laxative that 5 am preparation for and in those with increases bleeding, surgery or rectal rectal peristalsis, or bowel gastroenteritis, probably by intestinal obstruction, examination direct effect abdominal pain, in smooth nausea, vomiting or muscle of the other symptoms of intestine, by appendicitis. irritating the muscle or stimulating the colonic intramural plexus. Drug also promotes fluid accumulation in colon and small intestine.

ACTION

DOSAGE

INDICATION

ADVERSE EFFECT Most Common: y Stomach cramps, upset stomach, Diarrhea, Stomach and intestinal irritation, Faintness irritation or burning in the rectum (from suppositories) y

NURSING CONSIDERATION Give drug at times that don`t interfere with scheduled activities or sleep. Soft, formed stools are usually produced 15 to 60 minutes after rectal use. Before giving for constipation, determine whether patient has adequate fluid intake, exercise, and diet. Tablets and suppositories are used together to clean the colon before and after surgery and before barium enema.

DRUG NAME Generic Name: Nalbuphine hydrochloride Brand Name: Nubain Classification: Opioid Analgesics

ACTION

DOSAGE

INDICATION Moderate severe pain

Unknown. Binds 5 mg IV q 4 with opiate receptors in the CNS, altering perception of and emotional response to pain

CONTRAINDICA ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING TIONS CONSIDERATION to Hypersensitivity to Most Common: y Reassess patient`s level drug Constipation; dizziness; of pain at least 15 to 30 drowsiness; dry mouth; minutes after parenteral feeling of a whirling administration. motion; headache; y Drug causes respiratory nausea; depression, which at 10 sweating/clammy skin; mg is equal to vomiting. respiratory depression produced by 10 mg of morphine. y Monitor circulatory and respiratory status and bladder and bowel function. If respirations are shallow or rate is below 12 bpm, withhold dose and notify prescriber. y Constipation is often severe with maintenance therapy. Make sure stool softener or other laxative is ordered.

DRUG NAME Generic Name: Acetaminophen Brand Name: Paracetamol Classification: Antibiotics

ACTION

DOSAGE

INDICATION Mild fever pain

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Thought to 300 mg IV produce analgesia by blocking pain impulses by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandin in the CNS or of other substances that sensitize pain receptors to stimulation. The drug may relieve fever through central action in the hypothalamic heat regulating center.

to Hypersensitivity to drug

NURSING CONSIDERATION Most Common: y Do not exceed Few when taken in the recommended usual therapeutic dosage. doses. GI upset in y Avoid using some. multiple preparations containing acetaminophen. Carefully check all OTC products. y Give drug with food if GI upset occurs. y Discontinue drug if hypersensitivity reactions occur.

ADVERSE EFFECT