Essentials of Ecology Chapter 8 Chapter Quiz

1.
One benefit of asexual reproduction is Your Answer: asexual reproduction ensures that a species will never go extinct because the recombination of genetic material that results from sexual activity does not occur. Correct Answer: it produces young that are likely to survive and reproduce themselves as their parents did. Incorrect. Asexual reproduction has the benefit of producing offspring that are essentially clones of the parent. If the environment is stable, the offspring are likely to survive and reproduce (see Section 8.1).
2.
Parthenogenesis is a process whereby Your Answer: two parents of different species create an offspring that is a third and new species. Correct Answer: an offspring is created without fertilization. Incorrect. Parthenogenesis is a special form of asexual reproduction in which the ovum develops into an offspring without fertilization by a male (see Section 8.1).
3.
Imperfect flowers are Your Answer: found on sequentially hermaphroditic plants. Correct Answer: found on monoecious and dioecious plants. Incorrect. Hermaphroditic flowers contain both sexes. Imperfect flowers are found on monoecious and dioecious plants (see Section 8.2).
4.
Sequential hermaphrodites are Your Answer: females that produce offspring of one sex and then produce offspring of the other sex. Correct Answer: one sex first before changing to the opposite sex. Incorrect. Sequential hermaphrodites are one sex first before changing to the opposite sex (see Section 8.2).
5.
The benefit of being sequentially hermaphroditic is Your Answer: it reduces the need for secondary sexual characteristics, such as those required to attract a mate. Correct Answer: it allows organisms to select the best sex based on environmental resources. Incorrect. By being sequentially hermaphroditic, an organism can select the best sex based on available environmental resources (see Section 8.2).
6.
Redness in male cardinals is an example of Your Answer: combat between males. Correct Answer: intersexual selection. Incorrect. Because the male cardinal's red feathers are a signal to potential female mates, this is an example of intersexual selection (see Section 8.4).
7.
The antlers of elk are an example of Your Answer: combat between a female and a male. Correct Answer: intrasexual selection. Incorrect. This is an example of intrasexual selection in which males compete with each other for mating rights (see Section 8.4).
8.
Females choose mates based primarily on Your Answer: both the resources of the male and intersexual displays. Correct. For more information, see Section 8.5.
9.
In lek species, Your Answer: females choose mates based on intersexual and intrasexual competition. Correct. For more information, see Section 8.5.
10.
On average, females who invest more energy into their offspring Your Answer: tend to produce smaller offspring. Correct Answer: tend to be smaller than females who do not. Incorrect. Females who make large investments in their reproductive effort tend to be smaller than females who do not (see Section 8.6).
11.
Fitness is a measure of Your Answer: the number of offspring produced that live long enough to reproduce. Correct. For more information, see the introduction to Chapter 8.
12.
Organisms that invest all their reproductive energy into one event are said to be Your Answer: polygamist. Correct Answer: semelparous. Incorrect. Semelparous organisms invest all their reproductive resources into one event and then die (see Section 8.7).
13.
Generally, parents can produce Your Answer: a lot of young that are energetically expensive to produce. Correct Answer: a lot of young that are small in size. Incorrect. In general, parents produce either many small offspring or a few large ones (see Section 8.8).
14.
Human babies are generally Your Answer: altricial.
Correct. For more information, see Section 8.8.
15.
Why do most trees not reproduce in the first year of their lives? Your Answer: They have not yet obtained the minimum size and thus the minimum resources. Correct. For more information, see Section 8.9.
16.
Among birds (and some other organisms), when will siblings kill each other? Your Answer: never Correct Answer: when resources are low Incorrect. Siblicide often occurs when resource levels are low (see Section 8.10 and Figure 8.14).
17.
Which of the following statements about r-strategists is false? Your Answer: They are typically short lived. Correct Answer: They typically produce large offspring. Incorrect. R-strategists do tend to be short lived. However, they do not produce large offspring (see Section 8.13).
18.
K-strategists Your Answer: are typically fast-growing organisms. Correct Answer: typically produce larger offspring. Incorrect. K-strategists tend to be slow growing. However, they typically do produce fewer and larger offspring than r-strategists (see Section 8.13).
19.
Monogamy is Your Answer: the mating between many males and many females. Correct Answer: the mating between one male and one female. Incorrect. This is an example of polygynandry. Monogamy is the mating between one male and one female (see Section 8.3).
20.
The primary strategies that organisms can possess in Grime's model are Your Answer: ruderal, competitive, and stress tolerant. Correct. For more information, see Section 8.13.
21.
In general, the number of eggs laid per nesting attempt ________ with increasing latitude. Your Answer: increases Correct. For more information, see Section 8.11.
22.
Garter snakes preferentially choose to shelter under rocks of intermediate thickness because Your Answer: these rocks allow the snakes to maintain their body temperature within their preferred range. Correct. For more information, see Section 8.12.
23.
Animals that are K-strategists tend to be Your Answer: make use of temporary habitats. Many inhabit unstable or unpredictable environments. Correct Answer: long lived, highly competitive, and characterized by stable population sizes. Incorrect. K-strategists are typically found in more-stable habitats. They are long lived, highly competitive, and characterized by stable population sizes (see Section 8.13).
24.
In a rare form of polygamy, a single female sandpiper will be paired with two or more males. What is the name of this type of mating system? Your Answer: polymonogamy Correct Answer: polyandry Incorrect. A mating system with one female and two or more males is known as polyandry (see Section 8.3).
25.
What is a lek? Your Answer: a communal display area Correct. For more information, see Section 8.5.

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1.

Human babies are generally Your Answer: altricial.

Correct. For more information, see Section 8.8.

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