Service.

Self-Study Programme 276

The Phaeton Automatic Proximity Control (APC)

Design and Function

If a driver attempts to activate the vehicle's cruise control system (CCS) in the heavy trafc scenario shown below to cruise along in a relaxed manner, he will soon have to brake because of the frequently changing distances to vehicles ahead. The APC system has learned its lesson from bats. In much the same way as bats use ultrasonic waves to nd their way about their surroundings, the Automatic Distance Control (APC) scans the trafc situation ahead of the vehicle by means of millimetre wave radar and controls the distance to the vehicle ahead on the basis of this data. The CCS can be expanded to include a proximity-maintaining function which allows comfortable and stress-free driving even in heavy trafc.

S276_034

NEW

Important Note

This Self-Study Programme explains the design and function of new developments. The contents will not be updated.

Please refer to the relevant Service Literature for current inspection, adjustment and repair instructions.

Table of contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Functional limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 System overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Components of the APC system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Multi-function steering wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 APC display in the dash panel insert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Accelerator, brake pedal and selector lever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Proximity control sender G 259 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Brake servo control unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Anti-theft alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Electronic brake servo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Data ow in the CAN network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Calibrating the proximity control sender. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Measuring method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Correcting an indication error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 System safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Terms in italics are explained here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Test your knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Introduction
Overview
APC The Automatic Proximity Control system is an expansion of the conventional cruise control system (CCS). The CCS adjusts the speed of the vehicle to a value preset by the driver.
Dash panel insert with 5 colour screen

The APC system implements this convenience function in the same way. In addition, the vehicle's road speed is adapted to the speed of any vehicle driving ahead if the latter is moving more slowly than one's own vehicle.

Brake servo control unit

Proximity control sender

Electronic brake servo

Automatic Proximity Control is a driver assistance system designed for enhanced convenience. It relieves the strain on the driver while driving and thus contributes to active safety.

S276_056

Multi-function steering wheel

Introduction
Functional description
Constant speed If no vehicle is located within the eld of vision of the proximity control sender, the desired speed is maintained.

100 kph

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Deceleration If an APC-controlled vehicle (green) detects a slower vehicle (red) ahead of it in the same lane, the APC regulates the intervehicular distance to a time-dependent value pre-selected by the driver by reducing the engine torque and, where necessary, by moderately applying the brakes.
80 kph

100 kph 80 kph

S276_007

The APC also reacts to slower-moving vehicles which cut in ahead by decelerating. The vehicle road speed is adapted accordingly.

80 kph

100 kph 80 kph

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Acceleration If the vehicle in front clears the way by accelerating or by changing lane, the APC re-accelerates to the pre-selected speed.

80 kph 120 kph

80 kph 100 kph

S276_009

Introduction
Functional limits
The APC has an upper speed limit of 180 kph. This limit is dened by the proximity control sender's range of 150m. High speeds require a long stopping distance. A braking operation must then be initiated at a large distance to the vehicle in front. The proximity control sender suppresses all stationary objects within its eld of vision. As a result, there is also a minimum function speed of 30 kph below which the APC cannot be activated.

If the APC is in the process of decelerating from higher speeds, the driver is prompted to take over the braking when the minimum function speed is undershot.
APPLY BRAKE
412.3km 12.3oC

P R N D3 S
123456km

S276_063

Stationary vehicles are not detected as they are approached, and the driver is required to perform a normal braking operation.

In the trafc scenario shown here, the lane ahead of the green vehicle is also clear in the curve, but the APC may possibly react to the blue vehicle in the adjacent lane on the right. The accuracy of the lane forecast comes up against its limits at increasing distances to vehicles driving ahead, particularly in left-hand curves.

S276_036

Another limitation arises from the sensor's narrow angle of vision of approx. 12. In tight corners, the scanning range of the sensor may not be wide enough. The APC is designed for curve radii larger than 500 m. Road users who cut in just ahead or are driving at an offset angle, such as the motorcyclist in this diagram, are outside the APC's eld of vision, so it is unable to react to these objects.

S276_035

For comfort reasons, APC deceleration is limited to approx. 30% max. deceleration. However, higher rates of deceleration are necessary if the vehicle approaches a vehicle driving ahead and there is a large difference in speed between the two vehicles. The APC then prompts the driver to take over the braking operation.

It can generally be said that the APC can only react as expected if

the proximity control sender has correctly detected the distance, relative speed and reflection angle of objects ahead of the vehicle and the electronics have assessed the situation correctly.

APC is designed for operation on motorways and country roads that are mainly straight.

This is the case when a vehicle is displayed in the central display.

Introduction
System overview
The APC system is integrated into the vehicle's drive train electronics. Data is exchanged with the engine electronics, ESP and the gearbox control via the drive train CAN databus. The engine speed signals generated by the wheel sensors are sent directly to the proximity control sender from the ABS with EDL control unit to ensure a sufciently accurate lane forecast.

Multi-function steering wheel J 453

Steering column electronics control unit J 527

Convenience CAN databus

ABS with EDL control unit J 104

Control unit with display in dash panel insert J 285

Engine control unit J ...

10

Electronic brake servo

Brake servo control unit with bus relay J 539 Proximity control sender, right G 259

Drive train CAN databus

Wheel speeds Drive train CAN databus

Automatic gearbox control unit J 217

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11

Components of the APC system

Multi-function steering wheel
The APC system is mainly operated via the buttons in the multi-function steering wheel, but it can also be operated like the cruise control system via the accelerator and brake pedal. The steering wheel buttons are connected to the steering column electronics control unit which sends the data to the dash panel insert via the convenience CAN databus. The gateway in the dash panel insert assumes the data exchange function between the convenience CAN databus and the drive train CAN databus. To ensure that the driver is informed about the APC's functional state at all times, the following information is displayed in the dash panel insert and partly supported by acoustic signals:

APC status Driver inputs Warnings

Steering column electronics control unit

J527

Drive train CAN databus Dash panel insert

Convenience CAN databus

S276_041

12

The APC system is mainly operated by means of the left button cluster on the multi-function steering wheel. However, the brake and accelerator pedals, as well as the gear selector lever position, also have an inuence on the APC system. When the engine is started, the APC is always in the "OFF" state and must be switched to "Standby Mode" by pressing the ON/OFF button. The desired speed memory remains empty and the following distance is set to the default value of 1.4 s.

While driving (v > 30 kph), the actual speed stored as a desired speed and the APC can be activated by pressing the SET button. The desired speed can be reduced in 1 kph increments to a minimum value of 30 kph by repeatedly pressing the SET button. Pressing the CANCEL button switches the APC to "Standby Mode" whilst retaining the desired speed value in the memory.

S276_046

13

Components of the APC system

The APC can be reset to the preselected desired speed by pressing the RES button. The desired speed can be increased in 1 kph increments to a maximum value of 180 kph by repeatedly pressing the SET button. The desired speed can also be increased or reduced in 10 kph increments by pressing the "CCS+" or "CCS-" button.

The distance perceived by the driver to be a comfortable following distance to a vehicle ahead is speed-dependent. Higher speeds require larger distances between vehicles.

However, the following time which the vehicle with APC system takes to cover the distance to the vehicle ahead remains constant. The speeddependent following distance is also known as the time gap.

The following time can be set to a default value of 1.4 seconds by pressing the ON/OFF button and adjusted in seven steps by means of a thumbwheel to values ranging between 1 and 3.6 seconds.

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14

APC display in the dash panel insert

The driver receives information about the APC system on several displays, some of which are redundant.

Large APC display at the centre of the colour screen Small APC display at the bottom left of the colour screen LED ring around the speedometer Red symbol for APC "Apply brake" in the rev counter Two-stage acoustic signal

APPLY BRAKE

P R N D3 S

412.3 km 12.3oC 123456 km

S276_051

The LED ring around the speedometer and the red symbol for the APC in the rev counter are redundant and provide the minimum necessary information to the driver in case the colour screen is unavailable.

The set desired speed is indicated via the LED ring in the speedometer. The optical displays are supplemented by two acoustic signals: a discrete gong and an aggressive gong. The discrete gong sounds when the APC is switched from the active state to "Standby Mode" or "OFF state". The aggressive gong sounds along with the red warning signal.

15

Components of the APC system

The large APC display shares the centre of the display with various Infotainment systems, i.e. it disappears when other displays are active. To maintain information ow to the driver in this case, a small APC display remains active at the bottom left of the display. Passive display elements are coloured grey and active display elements are orange. Very important information is displayed in red.

When the APC system is inactive, the display "APC OFF" appears.

APC OFF

P R N D3 S
123456km

412.3km

12.3oC

S276_064

After the APC is switched on by pressing the ON/OFF button, the message "APC IS STARTING" appears for short period of time.
APC IS STARTING

P R N D3 S

412.3km

12.3oC

123456km

S276_065

The APC now switches to "Standby Mode". In this mode, the contents of the display are represented in grey. The large display shows a stylised lane, at the end of which the desired speed is displayed. In Cruise Control Mode (CCS Mode), no vehicle ahead is detected and displayed.

kph

P R N D3 S

412.3km

12.3oC

123456km

S276_066

If a relevant vehicle ahead of the car is detected, it is also indicated.

kph

The APC symbol represents the small display and provides information on desired speed.

P R N D3 S

412.3km

12.3oC

123456km

S276_067

16

The APC is activated by pressing the SET button or the RES button. The active display elements are coloured orange.
160
160

160kph

P R N D3 S
123456km

412.3km

12.3oC

S276_068

If a relevant vehicle is detected, it appears in the display. The colour of the kph display changes to grey since the displayed speed no longer matches the actual speed. The time gap (following distance) to the vehicle in front is represented in seven steps. The time gap actively set by the driver is represented in orange. The centre bar indicates the vehicle's position in relation to the vehicle ahead.

160kph 160
160

P R N D3 S
123456km

412.3km

12.3oC

S276_069

If the driver accelerates by pressing the accelerator, the colour of the vehicle shown in the display or, in CCS Mode, the colour of the desired speed changes from orange to grey.

160kph 160
160

P R N D3 S
123456km

412.3km

12.3oC

S276_070

160kph 160
160

P R N D3 S
123456km

412.3km

12.3oC

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17

Components of the APC system

If the driver changes the time gap (following distance) by turning the thumbwheel, the display changes for several seconds. The time gap is now as indicated in the small display in the form of several bars and in digits in the desired speed display eld.

160kph 2
2

P R N D3 S
123456 km

412.3 km

12.3oC

S276_072 S276_058

The red warning lights up together with the red symbol for APC "Apply brake" in the rev counter and prompts the driver to take control of the vehicle by applying the brake. This is necessary when the braking performance of the APC is insufcient.
412.3km

APPLY BRAKE
12.3oC

P R N D3 S
123456km

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This is not displayed if the sensor is soiled. However, the system remains active.
P R N D3 S

A P C S E N SO R SOILED
412.3km 12.3oC

123456km

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If the internal diagnostics detect a fault, it is also displayed. The system switches to "Standby Mode". After several seconds, the fault message becomes passive.

APC DEFECTIVE

P R N D3 S

412.3km

12.3oC

123456km

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18

Accelerator, brake pedal and selector lever

When the APC system is active, the APC can be deactivated and the vehicle accelerated by pressing the accelerator pedal. If the driver eases his foot off the accelerator pedal, the APC continues operation and decelerates the vehicle to the desired speed or to the current time gap (following distance).
S276_048

Pressing the brake pedal deactivates the APC immediately whilst the desired speed is retained in the memory ("Standby Mode"). If the selector lever is moved from "D" position to "N", "R" or "P" position, the APC is deactivated. The APC remains active in all other selector lever positions.

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If the min. speed of 30 kph is undershot or the max. speed of 180 kph is exceeded, the APC is deactivated. The APC system is also deactivated by intervention in the brake system by ESP, TCS, EBC or ABS, although APC braking operations in progress are completed. Dynamic intervention is independent of any APC braking operations.

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19

Components of the APC system

Proximity control sender, right G 259
In the APC system, the distance is measured by a sender based on millimetre wave radar technology. The APC system also measures the distance to several objects in the eld of vision and the relative speed along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. From the measured values, the angular deviation (azimuth angle) from the centre line of the eld of vision is calculated for each object.

Alignment mirror

Lens

Evaluation electronics

Transceiver unit
S276_055

The radar system uses electromagnetic waves which propagate at the speed of light c. A wave of frequency f requires a wavelength of for a wave train. If the transmit frequency of the APC sensor is f=76.5GHz, the wavelength is =3.92mm. Waves within a frequency range from approx. 30GHz to approx.150GHz are described as millimetre waves.

Distance

S276_045

20

The sender is tted behind a plastic cover in the bumper. The lens which emits the beam is easily recognisable.

The cover may only be painted in a millimetre wave permeable colour. It may not be recoated on the inside or outside, and may not be covered. In addition, the cover must be kept free of dirt as well as ice and snow.

S276_010

The sender's eld of vision can be compared to the illumination zone of a highly focused headlight. As with the headlight, the centre line of the sensor's field of vision must be exactly aligned in the direction of travel.

Transmit frequency Optical range Horizontal angle of vision Vertical angle of vision Speed measuring range

76.5GHz 150m 12 4 180kph

Processor part

A processor with high computing power is integrated in the sender housing. The following additional calculations are performed:

Lane forecast Selection of the relevant object Distance and speed control Activation of the engine control unit, brake servo and dash panel insert Self-diagnosis

Lens Millimetre wave part

S276_003

21

Components of the APC system

Brake servo control unit
Fitting location The control unit of the electronic brake servo is located in the plenum chamber on the right-hand side and is only accessible by removing the coolant expansion tank.

S276_012

The brake servo control unit controls brake pressure build-up and relief.

For reasons of anti-theft security, the bus interface of the proximity control sender cannot be deactivated directly. Instead it can only be switched off via the brake servo control unit.

Drive train CAN databus

Brake servo control unit J 539

S276_059

22

Anti-theft alarm system

As the proximity control sender with its CAN databus connection is mounted on the exterior of the vehicle, it would be possible to interrogate the immobiliser code. To avoid impairing the immobiliser function, a special switch-on procedure is performed by means of the CAN databus relay in the brake servo control unit. t0:

Terminal 15 is connected. Start of brake servo control unit initialisation.

Terminal 15

t1:

End of brake servo control unit initialisation. The bus relay is closed. The proximity control sender transfers a system message via the CAN databus.

Bus relay closed open

t2:

Drive train CAN databus

The brake servo control unit indicates "Bus open" to the proximity control sender to suppress "BUS-OFF" of the CAN controller in the proximity control sender. The brake servo control unit opens the bus relay. The engine electronics interrogate the immobiliser code on the bus and communicate with the immobiliser.

S276_029

t3:

The bus relay is closed. Normal operation commences.

As the bus relay is open while the immobiliser is initialising, the immobiliser code cannot be interrogated via the proximity control sender.

23

Components of the APC system

Electronic brake servo (EBS)
The electronic brake servo in the APC system has the task of activating the brake to control the distance to a vehicle in front. Special value is attached to soft, comfortable braking. A proportional solenoid (adjustment proportional to exciter current) was integrated in the tandem servo together with the membrane position sensor (stepless potentiometer) and the release switch. To achieve high braking quality, the brake pressure is controlled by measuring the brake pressure at the master brake cylinder by means of a pressure ender. At the start of the control process, the pressure controller is subjected to a membrane position control. During an electrically activated braking operation, the brake pedal moves accordingly.

Membrane disc Vacuum connection

Proportional magnet Valve body Disc seal

Membrane spring Micro master cylinder

Brake pressure sender Connector Membrane position sensor

Atmosphere

Release switch Magnet armature Working chamber

Vacuum chamber
S276_042

24

Release switch The release switch helps to distinguish whether the brake was electrically activated. Since the switch is a safety-critical component, it is designed as both an NC contact and an NO contact (two-way switch) in order to determine the rest and working positions. In the rest position or when the brake servo is electrically actuated, no force is applied to the elastic reaction disc via the actuating rod, with the result that the reaction disc is pressure-relieved. In this position, the release switch rests against the housing of the brake servo and closes electric circuit 1.
Actuating rod

Release switch Reaction disc

S276_044

If the driver applies the brake, pressure is applied to the reaction disc via the actuating rod. The reaction disc is compressed. The release switch rises from the brake servo housing. Electric circuit 2 is closed.

S276_062

25

Components of the APC system

Initial position The amplier is in its starting position, the vacuum has built up and the proportional magnet is de-energised. The function of the electronic brake servo is dened by the sealing edge, which acts as a valve, and the disc seal. The pressure in the working chamber is dependent on the position of the valves.

Valve body

Sealing edge (valve body) Disc seal

Sealing edge (magnet armature)

S276_043

The sealing edge of the solenoid armature acts as an inlet valve. The sealing edge of the valve body acts as an exhaust valve. Both valves open and close when the sealing edge lifts off or rests against the disc seal.

26

Pressure build-up When pressure build-up is electrically activated, the proportional magnet is energised. The air gap between the stator and the magnet armature becomes smaller. The inlet valve opens, and atmospheric air ows into the working chamber. The membrane disc compresses the membrane spring. Up to approx. 30 % of the brake pressure can be achieved.

Working chamber

Inlet valve

Magnet armature Stator Membrane disc

S276_031

Maintaining the pressure To maintain pressure, the current following through the solenoid is reduced. The armature spring pushes the stator and the magnet armature apart, thus closing the inlet valve. The partial vacuum in the working chamber denes the position of the membrane disc.

Armature spring

S276_032

Pressure relief If the solenoid is de-energised, the armature pushes the disc seal back over the sealing edge of the inlet valve. The exhaust valve is opened. The air in the working chamber ows into the vacuum chamber and is drawn off through the engine. The membrane spring relaxes.

Valve body

Exhaust valve Working chamber Vacuum chamber

S276_033

27

Components of the APC system

Data ow in the CAN network
The proximity control sender is interfaced to the drive train CAN databus via the bus relay in the brake servo control unit. The proximity control sender communicates with the control units:

Brake servo control unit Engine control unit Dash panel insert Steering column electronics control unit Automatic gearbox control unit ABS with EDL control unit

Brake pressure request Request brake preset Interrogate bus relay Proximity control sender Driver applies brake Release switch plausible/ implausible Bus relay open/closed Status of electronic brake servo Brake servo control unit

Torque request APC status Proximity control sender Engine torque Accelerator pedal angle Driver takes control of accelerator pedal Emergency running/ready Engine control unit

28

APC status Desired speed Set time gap Object detected Current distance System limits reached Activation of gongs 1 and 2 Sensor blind

Proximity control sender APC display error Speed displayed on speedometer

Dash panel insert

Display time gap

Proximity control sender Steering wheel control inputs Steering angle

Steering column electronics control unit

Proximity control sender Current gear Selector lever position Emergency running

Automatic gearbox control unit

Proximity control sender ABS, TCS, ESP intervention Yaw velocity Brake pressure

ABS with EDL control unit

29

Service
Adjusting the proximity control sender
The proximity control sender is adjusted by means of two adjusting screws (S1 and S2) located on the left-hand side of the sender. The screw on the right-hand side serves as a clamping screw to of a ball joint as a third bearing point for the sender. The adjusting screws have six detent positions per turn. Turning adjusting screws S1 and S2 evenly swivels the sender into the horizontal plane. Turning adjusting screw S2 swivels the sender into the vertical plane.

Welded-on steel bracket Clamping screw

S1 Alignment mirror S2
S276_053

Align the centre line of the sender detection field both in the horizontal and vertical planes. In the horizontal plane, align the centre line (radar axis) in parallel to the driving axis. In the vertical plane, set an inclination of 1.

Horizontal plane Horizontal detection eld Driving axis Radar axis Horizontal adjustment direction
S276_038

Vertical plane Vertical adjustment direction Horizontal Road Radar axis

S276_052

Mechanical adjustment of the proximity control sender is absolutely necessary after:

adjustments to the suspension replacement of senders or cross-members the cross-member is subjected to mechanical stress (collision)

30

Measuring method
The driving axis is determined using a wheel alignment test stand and the APC adjustment device VAS 6041. A laser pointer is attached to the VAS 6041 level with the proximity control sender. A target disc is positioned between the laser pointer and the proximity control sender. The target disc has a centre hole through which the beam of the laser pointer impinges on the alignment mirror of the proximity control sender. When the suspension is adjusted, the measuring equipment of the test bench is aligned in parallel with the driving axis. The APC adjustment device is aligned with the driving axis using the front axle transducers together with the remaining transducers on the rear axle.

Schematic diagram

Front axle transducer

Front axle transducer

Laser pointer

Target disc APC adjustment device

S276_013

31

Service
In the case of a perfectly aligned proximity control sender, the laser beam should be reected through the centre hole in the target disc. If the APC is unadjusted, the laser beam impinges on the target disc in one of the 4-segment quadrants. The sender must be aligned by means of the adjusting screws such that the reected laser beam passes through the centre hole in the target disc.

Alignment mirror

Adjustment: : rotation by means of S2 : rotation by means of S1 and S2

Mirror normal

Longitudinal axis of vehicle = Radar normal

S276_014

In the horizontal plane, a high degree of adjustment accuracy is required. Only a rough adjustment can be made by means of the adjusting screws. Fine adjustment is carried out electronically inside the sender while driving.

32

Correcting an indication error

The mirror normal and the centre line of the detection field (radar normal) do not match up for production reasons. The indication error in the horizontal and vertical planes is measured at the factory and stored in the sender memory as a correction value. The indication error is specied as a number of detents of the adjusting screw.
The correction values can be exported with the VAS tester. Once adjusted by the correction values, the laser beam moves from the centre into one of the quadrants. To check that the adjusting screws have been turned in the correct direction, the target quadrant is also stored in the sender memory. Data block 06

Meas. value 2:

AZOF Mirror indication error in the horizontal plane (AZOF = azimuth offset) ELOF mirror indication error in the vertical plane (ELOF = Elevation Offset)

Meas. value 3:

Adjustment: : rotation by means of S2 : rotation by means of S1 and S2

Mirror normal

Longitudinal axis of vehicle = Radar normal

S276_015

You will nd details in the associated Workshop Manual.

33

Service
System safety
A series of measures have been taken to prevent a faulty APC system from posing a danger to other road users or resulting in a breakdown. The most important measures are briey explained below.

Release switch in the brake servo The switch must reliably recognise driver brake actuation in order to switch the APC system to "Standby Mode". For this purpose, the switch is designed as a two-pole two-way switch. Coil spring in the steering wheel Steering wheel button information is transferred via a serial bus routed via the coil spring of the steering wheel. To ensure that the APC is switched off by the ON/OFF button in the event of a bus failure, this key information is transferred redundantly via a separate wire of the coil spring. Redundant display If the display fails, the red symbol for APC in the rev counter and the LED ring around the speedometer provide the driver with the minimum necessary information about the APC system.

Coupling the APC system to the ESP function The APC is switched off or cannot be activated when the ESP function is not available. If ESP is activated during an APC braking operation or if it fails, the APC braking operation is nevertheless completed. CAN databus disconnect Since the proximity control sender must be mounted in an exposed position at the front end of the vehicle, there is a danger that it may receive damage. To prevent the vehicle from breaking down if the drive train CAN databus fails as a result of bus blockade by the proximity control sender, the sender is disconnected via the bus relay in the brake servo control unit.

34

Diagnostics
The proximity control sender and the brake servo control unit continuously test for proper functioning. Any faults they detect are saved to the fault memory. The fault memories can be read out and guided fault-nding can be performed by means of the Vehicle Diagnostic, Testing and Information System VAS 5051. You will nd detailed information in the associated Workshop Manual.
S276_039

S276_057

35

Glossary
Azimuth angle Reection angle Field of vision of sensor The region in front of the APC vehicle in which vehicle and obstacles are detected. Comparable with the illumination zone of a headlight (also referred to as detection eld).

Desired speed The speed selected by the driver in CCS mode. In APC mode, the actual speed is less than the desired speed.

Following time The road speed-dependent distance to a vehicle in front (also referred to as time gap).

Detection eld Field of vision of sensor Gateway Electronic circuit or circuit component which facilitates data exchange between various data buses.

Driver assistance system Driver assistance systems are systems which support the driver however, without relieving him of his responsibility to guide the vehicle safely.

Indication error Angular error in relation to the ideal direction.

Driving axis Direction of movement of the vehicle with the steering wheel in the straight ahead position. Lane forecast The APC system should only respond to vehicles driving ahead of the vehicle in the same lane. This requires a lane forecast. The system calculates the lane ahead from the measured variables wheel speeds, yaw rate and steering wheel angle.

Electronic brake servo The electronic brake servo is a pneumatic brake servo which can operate the brake by means of an electromagnetic valve. A dedicated electronic control unit ensures precise brake pressure application.

Millimetre waves Electromagnetic waves in the frequency range from approx. 30 to approx. 150GHz. The limits are fuzzy and are referred to as millimetre waves since their wavelength is in the millimetre range.

Elevation angle Vertical reection angle

36

Mirror normal Line vertical to the surface of the mirror.

Relevant object An object that the proximity controller in the APC system uses for proximity control based on distance and relative speed.

Proportional magnet Solenoid whose armature length is proportional to the coil current in the design range. Stator Stators and armatures form the magnetic circuit of a solenoid whereby the stator is the stationary part and the armature is the moving part. Proximity controller The proximity controller in the APC system calculates the necessary engine torque or braking torque from the measured variables distance and relative speed to maintain the adjusted following time to a vehicle driving in front.

Steering column electronics control unit The steering column electronics control unit comprises the steering column switch and sends steering wheel button information to the convenience CAN databus. The information provided by the steering angle sensor is sent to the drive train CAN databus.

Radar axis Axis of symmetry of the radar detection eld.

Time gap Redundant Components or signals for increasing fail safety. Following time

Reection angle Horizontal angular deviation of an object in relation to the radar centre line.

Release switch Two-way switch integrated in the electronic brake servo to detect brake application by the driver and initiate the APC brake.

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Test your knowledge

1. How does the APC function as a driver assistance system? a) It maintains the margin of safety to the vehicle ahead if necessary by means of an emergency braking operation. b) It allows the driver to drift along comfortably in the owing trafc. c) It relieves the driver on motorways. 5. What are sensors used to ensure the high braking quality of the electronic brake servo? a) The brake pressure sender G 201. b) The release switch. c) The membrane position sensor. 4. From what variables is the lane forecast calculated? a) The yaw rate measured in the ESP. b) The distance to a vehicle in front. c) Steering wheel angle. d) Wheel speeds.

2. Where does it make sense to use the APC? a) On twisting hilly routes. b) In heavy urban trafc. c) On well-developed country roads with large curve radii > 500m. d) On motorways.

6. When is it necessary to readjust the proximity control sender? 3. What measured variables does the proximity control sender determine? a) The distance to other road users in front. b) The time gap. c) The azimuth angle to other road users in front. d) The desired speed. e) The vehicle's speed relative to other road users in front. a) After replacing the sender or cross-member. b) After minor damage to the rear end. c) After adjusting the suspension.

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7. When is adjustment of the proximity control sender completed? a) When the laser beam which passes through the centre hole on the target disc is reected by the APC adjustment device. b) When the adjusting screws are tightened as far as the stop. c) When the laser beam impinges on the specied quadrant after turning the adjusting screws according to the values in data block 06. Provided that the adjustment procedure begins in the position in which the laser beam passing through the centre hole on the target disc is reected by the APC adjustment device.

8. What is the function of the bus relay? a) It replaces the gateway and connects the convenience CAN bus to the drive train CAN bus. b) The solenoid valve in the electronic brake servo is activated via this relay. c) It helps to preserve theft protection by preventing the immobiliser code from being interrogated at the proximity control sender. d) Vehicle availability increases because a defective CAN databus of the proximity control sender does not the impair the drive train CAN bus.

Solutions: 1. b, c2. c, d3. a, c, e4. a, c, d5. a, c6. a, c7. c

8. c, d

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For internal use only. VOLKSWAGEN AG, Wolfsburg All rights reserved. Technical specications subject to change without notice. 240.2810.95.20 Technical status: 02/02

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