DESIGN OF PIER : Type of Pier As per IRC:21-1987, Depth of Footing of column considered Length of the Pier between surface

of constraints( L ) For service condition with simply supported spans on both sides and Column fixed at base Breadth of the Column provided Ratio L/B The pier is designed as Short pier

0.75 m 10.95 m 1.00 10.95 1.00 10.95 L m m m

Design of Pier : The pier is proposed to support the Deck slab. The slab is designed to carry a traffic load of IRC Class AA The main pier is designed to carry stresses due to the following conditions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Stresses due to Dead Load Stresses due to Live Load Stresses due to Buoyancy Stresses due to Breaking Force Stresses due to Differential Bearing Pressure Stresses due to Wind Load Stresses due to Water Current Stresses due to Earth Quake forces Stresses due to Storage of Water Stresses due to Uplift Pressure

For calculation purpose the cut water and ease water portions are neglected.

Details Design philosophy Compressive strength of concrete fck Characteristic Yield Strength of steel fy Grade of Concrete Dia of Main Bar used No. of Legs Dia of Disty. Bar used Carraige Width Top level of Road Width of Pier considered Revised HFL (AHFL) Lowest Nala Bed Level Foundation Level of Pier Depth of footing considered Offset provided from Pier Height of Pier (h) Top width of pier (pt) Slope of Pier on either side Bottom width of pier (pb) Breadth of Pier/Road (b) Dead Load of Slab on Pier (Refer BD/2-74) Dead Load + Live Load Effective span of Deck Slab (s) Thickness of Slab (ts) Unit weight of Concrete (W c) Width of Pier Cap (pc) Depth of Pier Cap (hc) Clear cover Depth of Pier Pb =D Effective depth Breadth of Pier b

Levels /Dimensions (m.) Limit State Method confirming to IS: 456-2000 2 25 n/mm 415 M25 25 2 12 12.00 102.950 1.00 101.300 97.700 90.100 0.75 0.50 10.95 1.00 0 1.00 12.00 203.74 308.78 7.97 0.75 n/mm2 mm mm m m m m m

RL. RL. RL. RL.

127.34 192.99

m. Assumed m m m :1 m m t t m m 3 2.50 t/m 1.40 m 0.40 m 40 mm 1000 mm 948 mm 12000 mm

x y Flow y 1.00 pb

b= 12.00 x Base Area Moment @ x-x Ixx = Zxx = Moment @ y-y Iyy = Zyy = b x pb pb x b /12 pb x b /6 b x pb /12 b x pb2/6
3 2 3

12.00 Sqm
4 144.000 m 3 24.000 m 4 1.000 m 3 2.000 m

LOADS: 1) Stresses due to Dead Load of Slab and self wt. of Pier: Dead load of Slab [(pt+pb)/2 x b x h xW c]+[pcx hc x b x W c] Dead load of Pier
2 + 3.14/4 x (pt+pb) x h x W c

203.74 t 366.79 t

Total Dead Load Base Area Stress due to Dead Load

(pb x b)

570.53 t 12.00 sqm 47.54 t/sqm

2) Stresses due to Live Load : A Live Load of Class 'A' Loading is considered Reaction @ Pier due to LL Total Live Load with impact 125 % of total LL

105.04 t 131.30 t

The differential loading of each slab is likely to cause a BM in the pier due to eccentric loading BM = 0.245 x LL& IL 32.17 t-m Max. Stress = Total LL Base Area Total LL Base Area + Moment Zyy - Moment Zyy 27.026 t/sqm

Min. Stress =

-5.143 t/sqm

Max. stress due to Live load and Impact load Min. stress due to Live load and Impact load

27.03 t/sqm -5.14 t/sqm

3) Stresses due to Buoyancy : Submerged volume of the pier is likely to create buoyancy

1.40 0.75 hc= 0.40

102.950 m

RL 101.800 1.00 1.00 Pier M25 0 4.10 1 10.45 0.90 AHFL 101.300

h= 10.95

NBL 97.700 6.85 0.50 7.60 1.00 0.75 m. Assumed 90.100 RL 90.850

Submerged volume of the pier Buoyancy force Stress at the base = Buoyancy/ Base area Stress due to Buoyancy 4) Stresses due to Breaking Force: A breaking force of 20 % due to live load of IRC Class AA is assumed 0.20 x 70 BF x ( h+hc+ts+1.20) Moment at the base of the pier= Stress at the base Stress due to Breaking Force Moment / Zyy

125.40 Cum 125.40 t 10.45 t/sqm

14.00 t 186.20 t-m 2 93.10 t/m

5) Load due to differential bearing pressure : Co-efficient of bearing pressure is assumed as 0.25 at one end and differential co-efficient bearing pressure as 0.23 at the other end. Resistance at one end Resistance at other end Unbalanced pressure at the top Moment at the base of the pier Stress at the base 0.25(DL of slab+LL) 0.225*DL of slab Unbalanced force x (h+hc) Moment / Zyy 83.76 45.84 37.92 430.38 215.19 t t t t-m t/m2

Stresses due to Differential Bearing Pressure 6) Stresses due to Wind Load : Assume wind pressure (wp) Area of Pier and Deck Slab (h+hc) x (pt+pb)/2 +s x ts (h+hc) x (pt+pb)/2 x wp Wind force on pier+Slab Wind force on train = 300 Kg/m x Length of train where,length of train = 20.40 m Total wind force = 450 Kg/ m s x 450/1000 Minimum limiting force on deck 240 Kg/ sqm s x ts+(h+hc)x (Pt+Pb)/2 x 240/1000 Maximum of above (Mx) Max. wind load will be acting @ 1.50 m above the slab Mx * (h+hc+ts+1.5) Moment at the base of the pier Stress at the base Moment / Zxx Minimum limiting force on deck

2 215.19 t/m

2 91.00 Kg/m 2 17.33 m

1.58 t 6.12 t 7.70 t 3.59 t 4.16 t 7.70 t 104.68 t-m 2 4.36 t/m

Stress due to Wind Load 7) Stresses due to Water Current : 52 KV Intensity of water pressure W c (h+hc) x (pb+pt)/2 x Wc/1000 Force due to water current 2/3 x (h+hc) Lever arm of water current force Moment at the base of the pier Moment / Zxx Stress at the base Assuming the possible variation in flow of direction by Pressure parallel to pier Pressure perpendicular to pier Stress at base parallel to pier 444.7872 x cos 20 444.7872 x sin 20 Stress @ base x Pr. parallel to pier Intensity of water pressure Pressure perpendicular to pier x Area
2

2 4.36 t/m

444.79 Kg/m 5.05 t 7.57 m 38.20 t-m 2 1.59 t/m 20

2 417.99 Kg/m 2 152.05 Kg/m 2 0.54 t/m

Force perpendicular to pier Moment at the base of the pier Moment / Zyy Stress at the base Max. stress due to water current

20.71 t 156.70 t-m 2 78.35 t/m 78.90 t/m

8) Stresses due to Earth Quake Forces : a) Vertical earth quake 0.10 x Dead load of pier+slab Stress at base b) Horizontal earth quake 0.15 x Dead load of pier+slab Hzl EQ x (h+hc+ts)/2 Moment at the base Stress at base of the pier(x-axis) Stress at base of the pier(y-axis) Moment / Zyy Moment / Zxx Along x-axis 2 4.75 t/m 2 258.88 t/m 2 263.63 t/m

57.05 t 2 4.75 t/m

85.58 t 517.76 t-m 2 258.88 t/m

Stress due to Vertical Earth Quake force Stress due to Horizontal Earth Quake force Total =

Along y-axis 2 4.75 t/m 2 21.57 t/m 2 26.33 t/m

Summary of stresses Sl.No. 1 2a 2b 3 4 5 6 7 8 Condition No.1 Loads Dead Load of Slab and Pier Live Load Buoyancy Breaking force Differential bearing pressure Wind Load Water Current Earth Quake (max.) All + ve stresses (Dry condition) A1+A2a+A4+A5+A6+A7+A8 Net Stresses (Dry Condition) A1-A2b-A4-A5-A6-A7-A8 Net stresses (Water flowing condition) B1+B2a-B3+B4+B5+B6+B7+B8+B9-B10 Type of Load + +
Water flowing Dry condition up to HFL 47.54 47.54 27.03 27.03 5.14 5.14 0 10.45 93.10 93.10 0.00 0.00 4.36 4.36 0 78.90 263.63 263.63
2 435.67 t/m

+ + + + + Maximum=

Condition No.2

Minimum=

2 -318.69 t/m

Condition No.3

Maximum=

514.56 t/m

Condition No.4 Max. pressure

2 Minimum= -397.75 t/m 2 514.56 t/m

Min. pressure

2 -397.75 t/m

Note: If the stresses developed are more than requisite limit of Tension of 25 t/m2 and compression of 150 t/m2 The section is designed as RCC Summary of Moments Sl. No. Loads Moment along x Moment axis (MT) along y axis( M) (t-m) (t-m) 32.17 186.20 0.00 156.70 263.63 638.70 104.68 38.20 263.63 406.51

1 2 3 4 5 6

Live Load due to Eccentricity Breaking Force Differential bearing pressure Wind Load Water Current Earth Quake (Hzl) Total =

(MT) Factored Max. moment along x-axis Mux (ML) Max. moment along y-axis My Factored Max. moment along y-axis Muy

Bending Moment : (X-axis) Max. moment along x-axis Mx

638.70 t-m 958.06 t-m 406.51 t-m 609.76 t-m

Axial Load: Total Axial Load P (DL of Slab & Pier+Recation due to LL+Vtl. Load Due to EQ) Factored Load Pu Moment Capacity and Check for steel provided:

758.89 t 1138.33 t

x x- axis Assume the % of reinforcement provided Uniaxial moment capacity of the section @ xx- axis From Chart 43 of SP-16 Max. Uniaxial moment capacity of the section @ xx- axis with an axial load (kn-m) From Chart 63 of SP-16 n/mm2 Kn p% p/fck d'/D P u / fck bD M ux1 / fck bD2 M ux1 M ux/ Mux1 Puz /Ag

y y- axis 0.80 0.032 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.065 234000.00 0.03

0.065 19500.00 0.49 13.80

Puz 165600 Pu/Puz 0.07 M ux/ Mux1 From Chart 64 of SP-16, for the values of Pu/Puz and Muy/Muy1 0.92 % of steel provided is O.K. 2 Area of steel required A str= 0.8 x area of pier 96000 mm Minimum and Maximum Area of steel Criteria Min. Longitudinal steel Max. Longitudinal steel Preferably Minimum % of steel to be provided = Therefore % of steel to be provided = Provide 25 mm dia steel No. of Bars required No. of Bars required on each face Provide No. of bars on each face Spacing of Bars Say Curtailment of Longitudinal Steel Width of Pier at 50 % of Height Min. Area of steel required A str= No. of Bars required No. of Bars required on each face 0.4 x area of Pier

0.40 % 6.00 % 4.00 %

195.67 97.83 98 121 120

Nos. Nos. Nos. mm C/c mm C/c

1.00 m
2 48000 mm 97.83 Nos. 48.92 Nos.

Provide No. of bars on each Face Spacing of Bars

49 Nos. 243 mm C/c

Transverse Reinforcement : Diameter of Ties should not be less than one fourth of Dia. of long. Bar or 5mm whichever is greater Diameter of Bar considered Pitch of Lateral Ties should not be more than the least of the following i) The least lateral dimension of the Comp. member ii) 16 times the smallest dia. of long. steel iii) 48 times the dia. of the transverse steel Say Provide 12 mm Dia. Bar @ 200 C/c 1000 mm 400 mm 576 mm 400 C/c 6.25 mm 12 mm