Strain Gauges

Strain Gauges and Signal Conditioning
Strain Gauges
Source: Sensor Land. www.sensorland.com.
The strain gauge has been in use for many years and is the fundamental sensing element for many types of sensors, including pressure sensors, load cells, torque sensors, position sensors, etc. The majority of strain gauges are foil types, available in a wide choice of shapes and sizes to suit a variety of applications. They consist of a pattern of resistive foil which is mounted on a backing material. They operate on the principle that as the foil is subjected to stress, the resistance of the foil changes in a defined way.
The strain gauge is connected into a Wheatstone Bridge circuit with a combination of four active gauges (full bridge), two gauges (half bridge), or, less commonly, a single gauge (quarter bridge). In the half and quarter circuits, the bridge is completed with precision resistors. The complete Wheatstone Bridge is excited with a stabilized DC supply and with additional conditioning electronics, can be zeroed at the null point of measurement. As stress is applied to the bonded strain gauge, a resistive change takes place and unbalances the Wheatstone Bridge. This results in a signal output, related to the stress value. As the signal value is small, (typically a few millivolts) the signal conditioning electronics provides amplification to increase the signal level to 5 to 10 volts, a suitable level for application to external data collection systems such as recorders or PC Data Acquisition and Analysis Systems.
Mechatronics, Paul Miller
Strain Gauge Spec Sheet, Page 1 of 6
Some of the many Gauge Patterns available Most manufacturers of strain gauges offer extensive ranges of differing patterns to suit a wide variety of applications in research and industrial projects. They also supply all the necessary accessories including preparation materials, bonding adhesives, connections tags, cable, etc. The bonding of strain gauges is a skill and training courses are offered by some suppliers. There are also companies which offer bonding and calibration services, either as an in-house or on-site service. Details and Specifications See the attached catalog from Omega for details and specifications. Strain gauges must be rated for an excitation voltage of +10V and a nominal resistance between 300 and 10k as required by the signal conditioner described below. It is also important to match the temperature characteristics of the strain gauge with the material it is bonded to.
Signal Conditioning
Source: Analog Devices, Instrumentation Amplifiers. ww.analog.com.
The low voltage output from the strain gauges must be amplified and filtered before sent to an analog to digital converter on the DSP. The 5B38 is a wide-bandwidth single-channel signal conditioning module that interfaces, amplifies, and filters signals from full-bridge and half-bridge straingage transducers between 300 and 10 k . The module provides an isolated bridge excitation of +10 V and a protected, isolated precision output of -5 V to +5 V. The 10 kHz bandwidth of the module ideally suits to measure signals that vary rapidly with time, such as strain on an automobile chassis during a crash test. The 5B38 protects the computer side from damage due to field-side overvoltage faults. The module withstands 240 V rms at its input terminals without damage, thereby shielding computer-side circuitry from field-side overvoltage conditions. In addition, the 5B38 is mix-and-match and hot-swappable with all 5B Series modules, so can be inserted or removed from any socket in the same backplane without disrupting system power. The 5B38-04 contains bridge completion circuitry, so can function with half-bridge strain gages. For quarter-bridge requirements, the user must complete the bridge input to the half-bridge level externally. The factory can configure the module for a wide range of input ranges (sensitivities).
5B38 Models Available

Price
$135.00 $135.00 $135.00
Model
5B38-02 5B38-04 5B38-05
Input Bridge Type Bridge Range Excitation

Full Bridge Half Bridge Full Bridge 300 300 300 to 10 k to 10 k to 10 k +10.0 V +10.0 V +10.0 V
Sensitivity
3 mV/V 3 mV/V 2 mV/V
Output Range
-5 V to +5 V -5 V to +5 V -5 V to +5 V
5B38 Specifications
Description Model 5B38 Full Bridge Input Ranges
Standard Ranges Custom Ranges Output Ranges (RL > 50 k ) 20 mV (2 mV/V Sensitivity) 30 mV (3 mV/V Sensitivity) 10 mV to 500 mV -5 V to +5 V 30 mV (3 mV/V Sensitivity) * *
Model 5B38 Half Bridge
Accuracy2
Initial @ +25C Nonlinearity Input Offset vs. Temperature Output Offset vs. Temperature Gain vs. Temperature Excitation Voltage Output @ full load Load Range Load Regulation vs. Temperature Half Bridge Voltage Level Half Bridge Voltage vs. Temperature Input Bias Current 0.08% Span 10 V RTI 0.02% Span 1 V/C 40 V/C 25 ppm of Reading/C +10 V 3 mV 10 k , minimum; 300 , maximum 0.08% Span 1 mV RTI * * * * * * * * +5 V 1 mV 15 ppm/C *
5 ppm/mA 15 ppm/C N/A N/A 3 nA
Input Resistance
Power On Power Off Overload 20 M 40 k 40 k , minimum , minimum , minimum * * *
Noise
Input, 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Bandwidth Input, 10 kHz Bandwidth Output, 100 kHz Bandwidth Bandwidth, -3 dB Output Rise Time, 10% to 90% Span Output Settling Time, to 0.1% 0.4 V rms 70 nV/ 10 kHz 40 s 250 s Hz 2 V rms 250 nV/ * * * 7 ms Hz
10 mV peak-peak
Common-Mode Voltage (CMV)

Input-to-Output, Continuous Output-to-Power, Continuous2 1500 V rms, maximum 3 V, maximum * *
Transient
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1-1989
Common-Mode Rejection (CMR)

1k Source Imbalance, 50/60 Hz 100 dB -3 dB @ 10 kHz
*
*
Normal Mode Rejection, 50/60 Hz
Input Protection, Signal and Excitation Voltage

Continuous Transient Output Resistance Voltage Output Protection Output Selection Time 240 V rms maximum ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1-1989 50 Continuous Short to Ground 6 s @ Cload = 0 to 2,000 pF * * * * *
Output Enable Control

Max Logic "0" Min Logic "1" Max Logic "1" Input Current "0" Power Supply Voltage Power Supply Current Power Supply Sensitivity Mechanical Dimensions +1 V +2.5 V +36 V 0.4 mA +5 V 5% 200 mA, Full Load; 120 mA, No Load 25 ppm reading/% 2.5V RTI/% 2.275" x 2.375" x 0.595" (57.8 mm x 59.1 mm x 15.1 mm) * * * * * * * *
Environmental Temperature Range

Rated Performance Operating Storage Relative Humidity RFI Susceptibility -25C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C 0 to 93% @ +40C noncondensing 0.5% Span error @ 400 MHz, 5 Watt, 3 ft * * * * *
* Same as full -bridge version. 1 Includes the combined effects of repeatability, hysteresis, and nonlinearity. Loads heavier than 50 k will degrade nonlinearity and gain temperature coefficient. 2 The output common must be kept within 3 V of power common. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Sources and Pricing Strain Gauges (Omega, www.omega.com): $79.00 (10) SG-7/350-LY11 Uniaxial, use with steel $79.00 (10) SG-7/350-LY13 Uniaxial, use with aluminum $155.00 (5) SG-7/350-XY11 Perpendicular grid, use with steel $155.00 (5) SG-7/350-XY13 Perpendicular grid, use with aluminum See attached catalog from Omega for additional strain gauges.
Signal Conditioning (Analog Devices, www.analog.com): $135.00/ea. 5B38
Wiring Diagrams
Figure 1 depicts the connection and design of the 5B38 signal conditioners. Notice that pins +EXE, HI, LO, and EXE can be connected in various ways depending on the strain gauge configuration, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 shows how to connect the signal conditioner to +/-5V ADC input. Note that the AD7862-10 ADC chip found on our daughter card supports +/-10V ADC.
Figure 1. 5B38 Functional Block Diagram
Figure 2. 5B38 Input Field Connections
Figure 3. 5B38 Output Connection to +/-5 V ADC
Interface Code
Clearly, interfacing with strain gauges with the above configuration is trivial. Using the existing read_ADCs() function, one can simply convert the ADC values to strain measurements with a linear calibration factor. #define STRAIN_CALIB_FACTOR1 = 1000; #define STRAIN_CALIB_FACTOR2 = 1000; // calibration factor // calibration factor
void sample_strain(float *strain1, float *strain2) { float adc1, adc2; read_ADCs(&adc1,&adc2); strain1=adc1/STRAIN_CALIB_FACTOR1; strain2=adc2/STRAIN_CALIB_FACTOR2; }
OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

SPECIFICATIONS CHART
SG SERIES
Foil strain gages are constructed by embedding a foil measuring element into a carrier. Foil measuring grid Carrier Substrate thickness Cover thickness Connection dimensions in (mm) [in]
KFG SERIES
Constantan foil 5 m thick Polyimide 50 m 25 m Solder pads or ribbon leads (30 long x.05 thick x 3 wide) [1.2 long x .002 thick x .012 wide] Stated in to order box 0.5% Approximately 2.0 1.0% 23C/73F -30 to 250C (-22 to 482F) -30 to 300C (-22 to 572F) 11 ppmC (6.1 ppmF) 23 ppmC (12.8 ppmF) 20 ppmC (11.1 ppmF) -5 to 120C (5 to 248F) 1 ppmC (0.5 ppmF) 3% or 30,000 Negligible > 10,000,000 cycles 3 mm (18 inch)
Constantan foil 6 m thick Kapton 15 m 9 m 27 AWG strand polyvinyl insulation (1 x 2) [.04 x .08]
Nominal resistance Resistance tolerance per package Gage factor (//) (actual value printed on each package) Gage factor tolerance per package Thermal Properties Reference temperature Service temperature: Static measurements Dynamic measurements Temperature characteristics: Steel Aluminum Uncompensated Temperature compensated range Tolerance of temp. compensation Mechanical Properties Maximum strain Hysteresis Fatigue (at 1500 ) Smallest bending radius Transverse sensitivity
120 0.4 ohms 03% 2.10 10% 1.0% 23C/73F -20 to 100C (-4 to 212F) -20 to 100C (-4 to 212F) 10.8 ppmC (6 ppmF) 10 to 80C (50 to 176F) 1 ppmC (0.5 ppmF) 5% or 50,000 Negligible > 10,000,000 cycles 3 mm (18 inch) Stated on each package
E-7
c a
a
b
c
GENERAL PURPOSE STRAIN GAGES FOR STATIC AND DYNAMIC APPLICATIONS

Very Flexible, Mechanically Strong Small Bending Radius Broad Temperature Range Ribbon Leads, Solder Pads, or Wire Lead Connections Clear Alignment Marks Affix with Cold or Hot Curing Adhesives
OMEGA strain gages are available in a variety of different models to cover most strain measurement applications. Their rugged construction and flexibility make them suitable for static and dynamic measurement with a high degree of accuracy. The measuring grid is formed by etching Constantan foil, which is then completely sealed in a carrier medium composed of polyimide film.
OMEGA STRAIN GAGES
Basic Unit
49
MOST POPULAR MODELS The most popular strain gage models are highlighted. Delivery of these models is normally off-the-shelf.
To Order (Specify Model Number)

TYPE SERIES MODEL NO. MAX DIMENSIONS [MM] PERMITTED ACCESSORY PRICE NOMINAL GRID CARRIER BRIDGE TERMINAL PER RESISENERGIZING PADS PKG TANCE A B C D VOLTAGE PART NO. FIG. () (V RMS) OF 10
$49 55 55 55 70 79 145 125 49 55 55 55 70 79 145 125 120 350 120 350 120 350 1000 1000 120 350 120 350 120 350 1000 1000 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 1.1 1.8 1.5 2.5 4.8 7.5 8.0 8.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 6.0 2.5 4 4 8 9 15 20 30 3 5 6 8 10 15 20 30 TP-1 TP-1 TP-2 TP-2 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-1 TP-1 TP-2 TP-2 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 1 2 3 3 4 4 4
Encapsulated with Ribbon Leads (Accessory Terminal Pads Are Used to Attach Heavier Gage Wire to Ribbon Leads)
SG-1.5/120-LY11 SG-2/350-LY11 SG-3/120-LY11 SG-3/350-LY11 SG-6/120-LY11 SG-7/350-LY11
3.0 12.5 6.0 3.5 14.0 8.0 3.8 12.0 6.0
LY11 LY13
Temperature characteristics SG-7/1000-LY11 matched to steel

SG-13/1000-LY11
STRAIN GAGES
.13.5 5.5 24.0 12.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 13.5 1.1 1.8 1.5 2.5 4.8 7.5 8.0 8.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 6.0
5 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 5
Temperature characteristics SG-1.5/120-LY13 matched to aluminum

SG-2/350-LY13 SG-3/120-LY13
1 2 3
SG-3/350-LY13 SG-6/120-LY13 SG-7/350-LY13 SG-7/1000-LY13 ac SG-13/1000-LY13
d b
3.0 12.5 6.0 3.5 14.0 8.0 3.8 12.0 6.0 5.5 24.0 12.0
For Accessory Terminal Pads, see page E-25.

4 5
E-8
OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

FOIL GAGES
TYPE SERIES Diagrams to Actual Size MODEL NO.
SG-1.5/120-LY41 SG-2/350-LY41 SG-3/120-LY41 SG-3/350-LY41 SG-6/120-LY41 SG-7/350-LY41 SG-7/1000-LY41 SG-10/120-LY41
MAX DIMENSIONS [MM] PERMITTED ACCESSORY PRICE NOMINAL GRID CARRIER BRIDGE TERMINAL PER RESISENERGIZING PADS PKG TANCE A B C D VOLTAGE PART NO. FIG. () (V RMS) OF 10
$45 45 49 45 62 65 135 69 115 45 45 49 45 62 65 135 69 115 120 350 120 350 120 350 1000 120 1000 120 350 120 350 120 350 1000 120 1000 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 10.8 13.5 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 10.8 1.1 2.5 1.5 2.5 4.8 7.8 8.0 8.0 3.5 6.0 4.0 6.0 2.5 4 4 8 9 15 20 15 30 3 5 6 8 10 15 20 15 30 TP-1 TP-1 TP-2 TP-2 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-1 TP-1 TP-2 TP-2 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 5
Encapsulated with Solder Pads (Accessory Terminal Pads Are Used for Strain Relief and Connecting Different Wire Gages)
3.0 12.5 6.0 3.5 14.0 8.0 3.8 12.0 6.0 3.2 16.4 6.3 5.5 24.0 12.0 1.1 2.5 1.5 2.5 4.8 7.8 8.0 8.0 3.5 6.0 4.0 6.0
LY41
Temperature characteristics matched to steel
LY43
Temperature characteristics matched to aluminum
SG-13/1000-LY41 SG-1.5/120-LY43 SG-2/350-LY43 SG-3/120-LY43
SG-3/350-LY43 SG-6/120-LY43 SG-7/350-LY43
d b
3.0 12.5 6.0 3.5 14.0 8.0 3.8 12.0 6.0 3.2 16.4 6.3
a c
SG-7/1000-LY43 SG-10/120-LY43
SG-13/1000-LY43
113.5 5.5 24.0 12.0
30 AWG Or Ribbon Leads
20-28 AWG Instrumentation Wire
Typical Strain Gage Installation
Terminal Pads for Stress Relief and Junction for Different Gage Wires
page E-25

SG-30/120-LY40 SG-50/120-LY40 SG-150/240-LY40
$105 129 135 120 120 240 24.5 51.5 8.0 41.0 13.0 8.0 68.5 16.0 20 25 35 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 1 2 4
Extra Long Gages for Inhomogeneous Material
153.0 3.5 167.0 10.0
Solder Pads, Not Encapsulated (Accessory Terminal Pads Are Used for Strain Relief and Connecting Different Gage Wires)
LY40
Temperature characteristics uncompensated
E-9
OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

PRE-WIRED GAGES
KFG-02-120-C1-11 L1 M2R KFG-1N-120-C1-11L1M2R KFG-2N-120-C1-11L1M2R KFG-3-120-C1-11L1M2R KFG-3-350-C1-11L1M2R KFG-5-120-C1-11L1M2R KFG-5-350-C1-11L1M2R KFG-10-120-C1-11L1M2R KFG-30-120-C1-11 L1M2R
PRICE PER PKG OF 10

$140 109 94 88 121 80 124 100 119
NOMINAL RESISTANCE ()
120 120 120 120 350 120 350 120 120
DIMENSIONS [MM] GRID CARRIER A

0.2 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 30.0
B
1.3 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 3.0 3.3
C
3.3 4.2 5.3 7.4 7.4 9.4 9.4 16.0 37.0
D
2.4 1.4 1.4 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 5.2 5.2
MAX PERMITTED BRIDGE ENERGIZING VOLTAGE FIG. (V RMS)

1 1.5 2 4 15 8 20 15 25 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5
Encapsulated with 2 Lead Wires, 3 Feet Long, Attached
c a
1
d b
Actual Size
Figure 1, Enlarged 4 Times

KFG-02-120-C1-11L3M3R KFG-1N-120-C1-11L3M3R KFG-2N-120-C1-11L3M3R KFG-3-120-C1-11L3M3R KFG-3-350-C1-11L3M3R KFG-5-120-C1-11L3M3R KFG-5-350-C1-11L3M3R KFG-10-120-C1-11L3M3R KFG-30-120-C1-11L3M3R
PRICE PER PKG OF 10

$184 153 138 131 165 124 165 145 163
120 120 120 120 350 120 350 120 120

1 0.2 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 30.0
B
1.3 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 3.0 3.3
C
3.3 4.2 5.3 7.4 7.4 9.4 9.4 16.0 37.0
D
2.4 1.4 1.4 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 5.2 5.2
MAX PERMITTED BRIDGE ENERGIZING VOLTAGE FIG. (V RMS)

1 1.5 2 4 15 8 20 15 25 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5
Encapsulated with 3 Lead Wires, 9 Feet Long, Attached to Minimize Lead Wire Resistance Effects
STRAIN GAGES
c a d b
E
1 2 3
Actual Size
Figure 1, Enlarged 4 Times
Ordering Example: KFG-02-120-C1-11L1M2R, package of ten pre-wired strain gages encapsulated with two lead wires attached, $140
E-10
PERPENDICULAR GRIDS FOR MEASURING AXIAL STRAIN

TYPE SERIES MODEL NO.
OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

b h
FA
AXIAL STRAIN
PRICE NOMINAL PER RESISPKG TANCE A () OF 5

$115 125 155 115 125 155 120 350 350 120 350 350
DIMENSIONS [MM] GRID CARRIER B

1.2 2.8 3.5 1.2 2.8 3.5
C
6.3 8.0 13.0 6.3 8.0 13.0 b
D
5.0 8.0 13.0 5.0 8.0 13.0
MAX PERMITTED ACCESSORY BRIDGE TERMINAL ENERGIZING PADS VOLTAGE PART NO. FIG. (V RMS)
5 8 15 5 8 15 TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 1 1 2 1 1 2
Encapsulated with Ribbon Leads
SG-2/120-XY11 SG-3/350-XY11 SG-7/350-XY11
2.4 3.0 7.0 2.4 3.0 7.0
XY11 XY13
Temperature characteristics SG-2/120-XY13 matched to steel SG-3/350-XY13

SG-7/350-XY13
Temperature characteristics Diagrams to Actual Size matched to aluminum
SG-2/120-XY41
$115 105 149 115 105 149
120 350 350 120 350 350
2.4 3.0 7.0 2.4 3.0 7.0
1.2 2.8 3.5 1.2 2.8 3.5
6.3 8.0 13.0 6.3 8.0 13.0
5.05 8.0 13.0 5.0 8.0 13.0 b
5 8 15 5 8 15
TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 TP-1 TP-2 TP-3
1 1 2 1 1 2
Encapsulated with Solder Pads
SG-3/350-XY41 SG-7/350-XY41 SG-2/120-XY43
XY41 XY43
Temperature characteristics SG-3/350-XY43 matched to steel SG-7/350-XY43
Diagrams to Actual Size

PRICE PER PKG OF 10 $274 194 194 279 194 279
KFG-1-120-D16-11L1M2S
120 120 120 350 120 350
1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0
1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4
5.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 b a
1.5 2 4 15 8 20
1 2 3 3 4 4
Encapsulated with 2 Lead Wires
KFG-2-120-D16-11L1M2S KFG-3-120-D16-11L1M2S KFG-3-350-D16-11L1M2S KFG-5-120-D16-11L1M2S KFG-5-350-D16-11L1M2S

Dia. "C"
Encapsulated with 3 Lead Wires
KFG-1-120-D16-11L3M3S KFG-2-120-D16-11L3M3S KFG-3-120-D16-11L3M3S KFG-5-120-D16-11L3M3S KFG-3-350-D16-11L3M3S KFG-5-350-D16-11L3M3S
$361 281 281 281 366 366
120 120 120 120 350 350
1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0
1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4
5.0 8.0 10.0 11.0 10.0 11.0 b a
1.5 2 4 8 4 8
1 2 3 4 3 4

Dia. "C"
E-11
OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

FOR MONITORING BENDING STRAINS
$65 55 69 49 65 55 69 49 1000 1000 1000 350 1000 1000 1000 350 2.1 3.0 7 .0 7 .0 2.1 3.0 7.0 7.0 2.7 3.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 5 10 15 15 5 10 15 15 a b TP-2 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-2 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 3
Encapsulated with Ribbon Leads
SG-2/1000-DY11 SG-3/1000-DY11 SG-7/1000-DY11
DY11 DY13
3.8 12.0 11.0 3.8 12.0 11.0 2.7 3.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
Temperature characteristics SG-7/350-DY11 matched to steel
SG-2/1000-DY13 SG-3/1000-DY13
Temperature characteristics SG-7/1000-DY13 matched to aluminum

SG-7/350-DY13
3.8 12.0 11.0 3.8 12.0 11.0
Encapsulated with Solder Pads
SG-2/1000-DY41 SG-3/1000-DY41 SG-7/1000-DY41
$59 49 59 49 59 49 59 49
1000 1000 1000 350 1000 1000 1000 350
2.1 3.0 7.0 7.0 2.1 3.0 7.0 7.0
2.7 3.0
8.0 9.0
9.0 9.0
5 10 15 15 5 10 15 15 a b
TP-2 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-2 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3
1 2 3 3 1 2 3 3
DY41 DY43
3.8 12.0 11.0 3.8 12.0 11.0 2.7 3.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
Temperature characteristics SG-7/350-DY41 matched to steel
SG-2/1000-DY43 SG-3/1000-DY43
Temperature characteristics SG-7/1000-DY43 matched to aluminum

SG-7/350-DY43
3.8 12.0 11.0 3.8 12.0 11.0
STRAIN GAGES
Fv 1 3 L 2 4 b h
E
BENDING STRAIN
E-12
STRAIN GAGES
ROSETTES
TYPE SERIES MODEL NO. MAX DIMENSIONS [MM] PERMITTED ACCESSORY PRICE NOMINAL GRID CARRIER BRIDGE TERMINAL PER RESISENERGIZING PADS PKG TANCE A B C D VOLTAGE PART NO. FIG. () (V RMS) OF 5
$115 139 139 120 350 120 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.2 6.0 16.0 4 8 4 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 1 1 1 2.2 16.0 16.0 2.2 16.0 16.0
0/45/90 Encapsulated with Ribbon Leads
SG-3/120-RY11 SG-3/350-RY11 SG-3/120-RY13
RY11
a

a

b
RY13
SG-3/120-RY31 SG-3/350-RY31 SG-3/120-RY33 $129 139 129
b
120 350 120
0/45/90 Encapsulated with Solder Pads
3.0 3.0 3.0
2.2 16.0 16.0 2.2 16.0 16.0 2.2 16.0 16.0
4 8 4
TP-3 TP-3 TP-3
1 1 1
RY31

a

a
RY33
SG-3/120-RY41 SG-3/350-RY41 SG-3/120-RY43
$115 129 139
120 350 120
3.0 3. 0 3.0
2.2 16.0 16.0 2.2 16.0 16.0 2.2 16.0 16.0
4 8 4
TP-3 TP-3 TP-3
1 1 1
RY41

a
b
RY43
0/60/120 Encapsulated with Solder Pads
SG-3/120-RY71 SG-3/350-RY71 SG-3/120-RY73
$109 129 109
120 350 120
3.0 3.0 3.0
2.2 16.0 16.0 2.2 16.0 16.0 2.2 16.0 16.0
4 8 4
TP-3 TP-3 TP-3
1 1 1
RY71

a
b
RY73
E-13
OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

PRE-WIRED ROSETTES
SHEAR STRAIN MAX. NORMAL STRAIN MIN.
Rosettes are used to compute the state of stress at a particular point. The results will plot out Mohrs circle, which gives value and orientation of principal strains.
Mohrs Circle

TYPE SERIES MODEL NO. PRICE PER PKG OF 10
$389 286 286 419 286 419
120 120 120 350 120 350
MAX DIMENSIONS [MM] PERMITTED GRID CARRIER BRIDGE ENERGIZING A B C VOLTAGE FIG. (V RMS)
1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 5.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 1.5 2 4 15 8 20 1 2 3 3 4 4
0/45/90 Encapsulated with 2 Lead Wires (3 Feet Long) Attached to Each Element
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

TYPE SERIES MODEL NO. PRICE PER PKG OF 10
$523 419 419 549 419 549
120 120 120 350 120 350
MAX DIMENSIONS [MM] PERMITTED GRID CARRIER BRIDGE ENERGIZING A B C VOLTAGE FIG. (V RMS)
1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 5.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 1 1.5 2 4 15 8 20 1 2 3 3 4 4
0/45/90 Encapsulated with 3 Lead Wires (9 Feet Long) Attached to Each Element
STRAIN GAGES
E
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4
Ordering Example: KFG-2-120-D17-11L3M3S is a package of ten pre-wired rosette strain gages, encapsulated with three lead wires attached to each element, with temperature characteristics matched to steel, $419.
E-14
OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

SG-13/120-RY91 SG-13/120-RY21 SG-13/120-RY93 SG-13/120-RY23
CORNER ROSETTES AND STRESS RELIEF GAGES
PRICE NOMINAL PER PKG RESISTANCE OF 5 ()

$135 119 135 119 120 120 120 120

13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0
B
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
C
27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0
D
27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0
MAX PERMITTED BRIDGE ENERGIZING VOLTAGE (V RMS)

15 15 15 15
ACCESSORY TERMINAL PADS PART NO.

TP-3 TP-3 TP-3 TP-3
FIG.
1 2 1 2
Corner Rosette Encapsulated Gages
RY91
Ribbon Leads - Temperature compensated to steel
RY21
Solder Pads - Temperature compensated to steel
RY93
Ribbon Leads - Temperature compensated to aluminum
RY23
Solder Pads - Temperature compensated to aluminum
Fig. 1
Fig. 2 (Enlarged)

20-28 AWG Instrumentation Wire
Typical Strain Gage Installation
30 AWG Or Ribbon Leads
Terminal Pads for Stress Relief and Junction for Different Gage Wires

SG-1.5/120-SR11 SG-1.5/120-SR41 SG-1.5/120-SR13 SG-1.5/120-SR43
PRICE NOMINAL PER PKG RESISTANCE OF 5 ()

$119 119 119 119 120 120 120 120

1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
B
1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
C
10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7
D
10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

TP-2 TP-2 TP-2 TP-2
FIG.
1 2 1 2
Stress Relief Encapsulated Gages
Diagram Fig.1 to Actual Size
Diagram Fig.2 Enlarged 2 Times
SR11
Ribbon Leads - Temperature compensated to steel
SR41
Solder Pads - Temperature compensated to steel
1 3 3 2
1 3 3
SR13
Ribbon Leads - Temperature compensated to aluminum
SR43
Solder Pads - Temperature compensated to aluminum
E-15
ROSETTE STRAIN GAGES

SG-2/120-RY51 SG-3/350-RY51 SG-7/120-RY51 SG-2/120-RY53 SG-3/350-RY53 SG-7/120-RY53
PRICE PER PKG OF 5 OHMS

$125 139 165 125 139 165 120 350 120 120 350 120

2.0 3.0 6.0 2.0 3.0 6.0
B
1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6
C
6.3 7.0 6.3 7.0
D
5.0 6.8 11.0 5.0 6.8 11.0
MAX TERM EXC PADS FIG

5 8 10 5 8 10 TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 1 2 3 1 2 3
3.0 12.0
RY51
Temperature characteristics matched to carbon steel
3.0 12.0
RY53
Diagrams Shown Larger Than Actual Size
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

SG-2/120-RY61 SG-3/350-RY61 SG-7/120-RY61 SG-2/120-RY63 SG-3/350-RY63 SG-7/120-RY63
PRICE PER PKG OF 5 OHMS

$125 139 165 125 139 165 120 350 120 120 350 120

2.0 3.0 6.0 2.0 3.0 6.0
B
1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6
C
6.3 7.0 6.3 7.0
D
5.0 6.8 11.0 5.0 6.8 11.0
MAX TERM EXC PADS FIG

5 8 9 5 8 9 TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 1 2 3 1 2 3
0/45/90 Encapsulated with Solder Tabs
3.0 12.0
RY61
Temperature characteristics matched to carbon steel
3.0 12.0
STRAIN GAGES
RY63
Diagrams Shown Larger Than Actual Size
Ordering Example: SG-7/120-RY61, package of five rosette strain gages encapsulated with solder tabs, with temperature characteristics matched to carbon steel and max. excitation of 9 V, $165.
E
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3
E-16
OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

CRACK AND DIAPHRAGM GAGES
Crack propagation gages are used to monitor crack growth. The gage is glued in place, and, as the crack grows under the gage, each of the limbs undergoes strain. The limbs are equally spaced, and when the limb undergoes 2% strain, it breaks. By monitoring the continuity of each limb and the time when the limbs break, studies of the crack growth can be completed. The gages also incorporate a boundary limb, so that measuring equipment can be switched on when the crack reaches the gage area.

SG-CP1
PRICE PER PKG OF 5

$129
NOMINAL RESISTANCE () A
DIMENSIONS [MM] LIMBS CARRIER B

1.6
C
10.7
D
10.7

TP-2
FIG.
2
1.6
Crack Propagation Gage
Enlarged 4 Times
SG-13/200-DG11 SG-20/240-DG11
$165 189
200 240
Carrier Dia.: Carrier Dia.:
13.2 20
10 15
TP-2 TP-2
1 2
Full Bridge Diaphragm Strain Gage Encapsulated Diaphragm Gage with Ribbon Leads
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Enlarged 2 Times
E-17
TRANSDUCER-QUALITY STRAIN GAGES
OMEGAs transducer-quality strain gages are high quality encapsulated foil strain gages which are available in many configurations. They are commonly used in transducer technology as well as in experimental analysis. The gages come in a variety of lengths, patterns, thermal expansion coefficients (matched to stainless steel, carbon steel, and aluminum), alloy materials and solder configurations. Resistors and resistor wire, used for zero temperature compensation, span temperature compensation, and zero balance, are also available for use with these gages.
SPECIFICATIONS
Foil Thickness: 5 m Carrier Material: Polyimide Carrier Thickness: 50 m Connections: Solder pads (constantan gages); solder dots (karma) Nominal Resistance: 350 and 1000 Resistance Tolerance: 0.5% Gage Factor: 2.0 nominal (actual value printed on package) Gage Factor Tolerance: 1.0% Thermal Properties: Reference Temp.: 23C (73F) Service Temp.: Static: -30 to 250C (-22 to 482F) Dynamic: -30 to 300C (-22 to 572F) Temperature Comp: (zero) Carbon Steel (ferritic): +11 ppm/C
Stainless Steel (austenitic): +17 ppm/C Aluminum: +23 ppm/C Compensated Temp.: -5 to 120C (23 to 248F) Tolerance of Temp Comp.: 1 ppm/C (0.5 ppm/F) Gage Factor Temp Coefficient: Constantan: 0.0090%/C (+0.0050%/F) Karma (SS comp): 0.0103%/C (-0.0057%/F) Mechanical Properties: Maximum Strain: 3% or 30,000 S Hysteresis: Negligible Fatigue (@ 1,500 S): >10,000,000 cycles Smallest Bending Radius: 3 mm (0.12 inch)
c a
a
b
c
STRAIN GAGES
E-18
TRANSDUCER-QUALITY STRAIN GAGES

TYPE SERIES MODEL NO. PRICE PER PKG FOIL OF 5 MATERIAL
$89 95 99 45 45 79 85 Pkg of 10 SG-2/350-LY41 SG-3/350-LY41 SG-7/350-LY41 SG-13/350-LY41 SG-2/350-LY43 SG-3/350-LY43 45 45 65 115 45 45 65 115 Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan CS CS CS CS ALUM ALUM ALUM ALUM 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 2.0 3.8 7.0 12.5 2.0 3.8 7.0 2.5 1.7 3.5 5.0 2.5 1.7 3.5 7.8 8.3 14.0 7.8 8.3 14.0 6.0 4.6 8.0 6.0 4.6 8.0 5 10 15 17 5 10 15 TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 TP-3 TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 Karma Karma Karma Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan
DIMENSIONS [MM] GRID CARRIER TEMP. COEF.*

SS SS SS SS SS SS SS
350 350 1000 350 350 350 350
A
3.3 6.3 13.0 2.0 3.8 7.0 12.5
B
1.5 3.9 5.0 2.5 1.7 3.5 5.0
C
8.2 12 23 7.8 7.0 14.0
D
4.0 7.8 10 6.0 6.0 8.0
MAX TERM EXC PADS

10 15 17 5 10 15 17 TP-2 TP-3 TP-3 TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 TP-3
LY SERIES UNIAXIAL GAGES

Encapsulated Gages with Solder Pads (Accessory Terminal Pads Are Used for Strain Relief and Connecting Different Gage Wires)
SG-3/350-LY47K SG-7/350-LY47K SG-13/1000-LY47K SG-2/350-LY47 SG-3/350-LY47 SG-7/350-LY47 SG-13/350-LY47
23.0 10.0
d b
23.0 10.0
a c
SG-7/350-LY43 SG-13/350-LY43
Diagram Shown Larger Than Actual Size

Dimensions
350 12.5 5.0 23.0 10.0 17 TP-3 For Accessory Terminal Pads, see page E-25. Ordering Example: SG-3/350-LY47K is a package of five uniaxial strain gages with Karma foil and encapsulated solder pads, $89 * SS is a temperature coefficient matched to stainless steel. (LY47) CS is a temperature coefficient matched to carbon steel. (LY41) ALUM is a temperature coefficient matched to aluminum. (LY43)

SG-5/1000-TY47K SG-6/1000-TY47K SG-5/350-TY47 SG-6/350-TY47 SG-5/350-TY41 SG-6/350-TY41 SG-5/350-TY43 SG-6/350-TY43
PRICE PER PKG FOIL TEMP. OF 5 MATERIAL COEF.*

$69 45 65 35 65 35 65 35 Karma Karma Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan SS SS SS SS CS CS ALUM ALUM
DIMENSIONS [MM] GRID CARRIER

1000 1000 350 350 350 350 350 350
A
4.7 5.7 4.7 5.7 4.7 5.7 4.7 5.7
B
2.4 3.8 2.4 3.8 2.4 3.8 2.4 3.8
C
11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5
D
8.1 8.6 8.1 8.6 8.1 8.6 8.1 8.6
MAX TERM EXC PADS

15 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 TP-2 TP-2 TP-2 TP-2 TP-2 TP-2 TP-2 TP-2
TY SERIES TORQUE GAGES `

Encapsulated Gages with Four Solder Pads (Accessory Terminal Pads Are Used for Strain Relief and Connecting Different Gage Wires)
a
b
Ordering Example: SG-6/350-TY47 is a package of five torque gages with two Constantan grids, encapsulated with 4 solder pads, $35. * SS is a temperature coefficient matched to stainless steel. (TY47) CS is a temperature coefficient matched to carbon steel. (TY41) ALUM is a temperature coefficient matched to aluminum. (TY43)
d c
Dimensions
Diagram Shown Larger Than Actual Size

45
3 45 Z
Torsional Strain
MT
45 2
45 1
E-19
ROSETTE STRAIN GAGES

TYPE SERIES MODEL NO. Diagrams Shown Larger Than Actual Size
SG-4/1000-TY37K SG-4/350-TY37 SG-4/350-TY31 SG-4/350-TY33
PRICE PER PKG FOIL OF 5 MATERIAL

$49 45 45 45 Karma Constantan Constantan Constantan
DIMENSIONS [MM] GRID CARRIER TEMP. COEF.*

SS SS CS ALUM
350 350 350 350
A
3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
B
3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2
C
9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
D
6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9
MAX TERM EXC PADS

10 10 10 10 TP-2 TP-2 TP-2 TP-2
c b d
TY SERIES TORQUE GAGES

Encapsulated Gages with Three Solder Pads (Accessory Terminal Pads Are Used for Strain Relief and Connecting Different Gage Wires)
Ordering Example: SG-4/1000-TY37K is a package of five torque gages with two Karma grids, encapsulated with three solder pads, $49. * SS is a temperature coefficient matched to stainless steel. (TY37) CS is a temperature coefficient matched to carbon steel. (TY31) ALUM is a temperature coefficient matched to aluminum. (TY33)
Dimensions

TYPE SERIES MODEL NO. Diagram Shown Larger Than Actual Size
SG-3/350-XY47K SG-7/350-XY47K SG-3/350-XY47 SG-7/350-XY47 SG-3/350-XY41 SG-7/350-XY41 SG-3/350-XY43 SG-7/350-XY43
PRICE PER PKG FOIL TEMP. OF 5 MATERIAL COEF.*

$115 149 109 145 105 149 105 149 Karma Karma Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan Constantan SS SS SS SS CS CS ALUM ALUM
DIMENSIONS [MM] GRID CARRIER

350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350
A
3.0 7.0 3.0 6.8 3.0 7.0 3.0 6.8
B
2.8 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.5 2.8 2.8
C
8.0 13.0 8.0 13.0 8.0 13.0 8.0 13.0
D
8.0 13.0 8.0 13.0 8.0 13.0 8.0 13.0
MAX TERM EXC PADS

10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 TP-2 TP-3 TP-2 TP-3 TP-2 TP-3 TP-2 TP-3
XY SERIES BIAXIAL GAGES FOR AXIAL STRAIN

Encapsulated Gages with Solder Pads (Accessory Terminal Pads Are Used for Strain Relief and Connecting Different Gage Wires)
STRAIN GAGES
Ordering Example: SG-3/350-XY47K is a package of five biaxial gages with two Karma grids, encapsulated with solder pads, $115. * SS is a temperature coefficient matched to stainless steel. (XY47) CS is a temperature coefficient matched to carbon steel. (XY41) ALUM is a temperature coefficient matched to aluminum. (XY43)
Dimensions
E-20

Strain Gauges

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Strain Gauges

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Strain Gauges and Signal Conditioning

Source: Sensor Land. www.sensorland.com.

Mechatronics, Paul Miller

Strain Gauge Spec Sheet, Page 1 of 6

Source: Analog Devices, Instrumentation Amplifiers. ww.analog.com.

Mechatronics, Paul Miller

Strain Gauge Spec Sheet, Page 2 of 6

5B38 Models Available

Input Bridge Type Bridge Range Excitation

Model 5B38 Half Bridge

5 ppm/mA 15 ppm/C N/A N/A 3 nA

Common-Mode Voltage (CMV)

Mechatronics, Paul Miller

Strain Gauge Spec Sheet, Page 3 of 6

Common-Mode Rejection (CMR)

Normal Mode Rejection, 50/60 Hz

Input Protection, Signal and Excitation Voltage

Output Enable Control

Environmental Temperature Range

Mechatronics, Paul Miller

Strain Gauge Spec Sheet, Page 4 of 6

Figure 1. 5B38 Functional Block Diagram

Figure 2. 5B38 Input Field Connections

Figure 3. 5B38 Output Connection to +/-5 V ADC

Mechatronics, Paul Miller

Strain Gauge Spec Sheet, Page 5 of 6

Mechatronics, Paul Miller

Strain Gauge Spec Sheet, Page 6 of 6

OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

GENERAL PURPOSE STRAIN GAGES FOR STATIC AND DYNAMIC APPLICATIONS

OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

To Order (Specify Model Number)

SG-1.5/120-LY11 SG-2/350-LY11 SG-3/120-LY11 SG-3/350-LY11 SG-6/120-LY11 SG-7/350-LY11

3.0 12.5 6.0 3.5 14.0 8.0 3.8 12.0 6.0

Temperature characteristics SG-7/1000-LY11 matched to steel

Temperature characteristics SG-1.5/120-LY13 matched to aluminum

SG-3/350-LY13 SG-6/120-LY13 SG-7/350-LY13 SG-7/1000-LY13 ac SG-13/1000-LY13

For Accessory Terminal Pads, see page E-25.

OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

SG-13/1000-LY41 SG-1.5/120-LY43 SG-2/350-LY43 SG-3/120-LY43

SG-3/350-LY43 SG-6/120-LY43 SG-7/350-LY43

113.5 5.5 24.0 12.0

30 AWG Or Ribbon Leads

20-28 AWG Instrumentation Wire

Typical Strain Gage Installation

To Order (Specify Model Number)

Extra Long Gages for Inhomogeneous Material

153.0 3.5 167.0 10.0

For Accessory Terminal Pads, see page E-25.

OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

PRICE PER PKG OF 10

DIMENSIONS [MM] GRID CARRIER A

MAX PERMITTED BRIDGE ENERGIZING VOLTAGE FIG. (V RMS)

Encapsulated with 2 Lead Wires, 3 Feet Long, Attached

Figure 1, Enlarged 4 Times

To Order (Specify Model Number)

PRICE PER PKG OF 10

DIMENSIONS [MM] GRID CARRIER A

MAX PERMITTED BRIDGE ENERGIZING VOLTAGE FIG. (V RMS)

Figure 1, Enlarged 4 Times

PERPENDICULAR GRIDS FOR MEASURING AXIAL STRAIN

OMEGA STRAIN GAGES

PRICE NOMINAL PER RESISPKG TANCE A () OF 5