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    A Feasibility Study On The Implementation of A Micro-Hydro Scheme in Sioma, Zambia

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    Engineers Without Borders UK
    This document proposes a feasibility study for a micro-hydroelectric power scheme in Sioma, Zambia. It finds that a 45.83 kW run-of-river hydro scheme harnessing a 10-15 meter head from the Sioma Falls could provide electricity to the local village and woodworking workshop. The estimated cost is £45,000 with an annual maintenance fee of £2,305 to be funded through tariffs. Implementing this scheme would provide a sustainable energy alternative to diesel generators and promote local development. The next steps are a technical visit over the summer to further develop the project and commence construction in July 2010 pending equipment sourcing and fundraising.

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    A Feasibility Study On The Implementation of A Micro-Hydro Scheme in Sioma, Zambia

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    Engineers Without Borders UK
    185 views17 pages
    This document proposes a feasibility study for a micro-hydroelectric power scheme in Sioma, Zambia. It finds that a 45.83 kW run-of-river hydro scheme harnessing a 10-15 meter head from the Sioma Falls could provide electricity to the local village and woodworking workshop. The estimated cost is £45,000 with an annual maintenance fee of £2,305 to be funded through tariffs. Implementing this scheme would provide a sustainable energy alternative to diesel generators and promote local development. The next steps are a technical visit over the summer to further develop the project and commence construction in July 2010 pending equipment sourcing and fundraising.

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    Design, development and feasibility study of implementation of a micro-hydropower scheme

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    A Feasibility Study on the Implementation of a Micro-Hydro Scheme in Sioma, Zambia

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    This document proposes a feasibility study for a micro-hydroelectric power scheme in Sioma, Zambia. It finds that a 45.83 kW run-of-river hydro scheme harnessing a 10-15 meter head from the Sioma Falls could provide electricity to the local village and woodworking workshop. The estimated cost is £45,000 with an annual maintenance fee of £2,305 to be funded through tariffs. Implementing this scheme would provide a sustainable energy alternative to diesel generators and promote local development. The next steps are a technical visit over the summer to further develop the project and commence construction in July 2010 pending equipment sourcing and fundraising.

    Copyright:

    Attribution ShareAlike (BY-SA)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    185 views17 pages

    A Feasibility Study On The Implementation of A Micro-Hydro Scheme in Sioma, Zambia

    Uploaded by

    Engineers Without Borders UK
    This document proposes a feasibility study for a micro-hydroelectric power scheme in Sioma, Zambia. It finds that a 45.83 kW run-of-river hydro scheme harnessing a 10-15 meter head from the Sioma Falls could provide electricity to the local village and woodworking workshop. The estimated cost is £45,000 with an annual maintenance fee of £2,305 to be funded through tariffs. Implementing this scheme would provide a sustainable energy alternative to diesel generators and promote local development. The next steps are a technical visit over the summer to further develop the project and commence construction in July 2010 pending equipment sourcing and fundraising.

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    A Feasibility Study on the Implementation of a Micro-Hydro Scheme in Sioma, Zambia

    Hans Petter Bjrnvold (0602641) 3rd Year Manufacturing & Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering, University of Warwick

    Introduction
    Visited Zambia and Sioma in 2005 Witnessed the problems the community faces Rural infrastructure development is imperative
    Fire fighting problems will not lead to progress

    The Sioma Falls

    Project Specification
    Research and prove viability of hydroelectric scheme in Sioma, Zambia Produce a proposal for such a scheme
    Including initial technical analysis

    Apply for support from local government Network with charities Put plan into action
    Outside academic boundaries

    Micro-Hydropower
    Small scale harnessing of falling water
    Typically generates less than 100 kW

    Benefits from same advantages as larger scale hydropower:


    No fuel burnt causing minimal pollution Low operation and maintenance costs Reliable and historically proven technology Water is free and completely renewable through continued rainfall

    1.5 billion people in developing countries do not have access to electricity


    Micro-Hydro provides a realistic alternative for decentralized energy generation

    Micro-Hydropower

    Source: http://www.itdg.org/?id=micro_hydro_faq, retrieved 19 April 2009

    Typical Micro-Hydro layout Run of the River scheme

    Location: Sioma, Zambia


    Location: Barotseland, South Western Zambia (approx. 315 km from Livingstone) Population: 1000-1500 Accessibility: 4-5 hours in 4x4 (bad road conditions) ZESCO unwilling to build sub-station to power community Proximity to Zambezi River makes micro-hydropower ideal

    Sioma
    Image Source: maps.google.com, retrieved 24 April 2009

    Location: Proposed Site


    Sioma Falls (Zambezi River) Head: 10-15 metres

    Sioma Village

    6 km

    Sioma Falls

    4 km

    Woodworking Workshop

    Source: http://www.toucan-reisen.de/cms/front_content.php?idart=235, retrieved 20 April 2009

    Power Requirements
    Village: Woodworking Workshop: 24,830 W 20,000 W

    Load Factor = [Average Power] / [Peak Power] Average Power = 20.2083 kW Peak Power = 35 kW Load Factor = 56.92%

    Turbine
    L-1 Turbine
    Manufactured on site through local labour High Efficiency at low head sites Easy operation and low maintenance Scalable to suit different situations using an adjustable distribution

    Source: McMULLEN, C., Low Head Micro Hydro in Developing Countries: The L-1 Turbine, April 2004, 3rd Year Project, University of Warwick

    Variants of L-1 Turbine

    Source: LI, S. C., Giving the lowdown on small hydro, International Water Power and Dam Construction, November 2000

    L-1 Turbine Casing and Propeller

    Initial Design Proposition


    Based on estimates
    Intake/Canal
    Parallel to river flow Rock/logs for water diversion To generate 46.1 kW from 10 m head we need: 0.587 m3/s flow

    Forebay Tank
    settling basin Incorporates: Spillway Trashrack Cover Integration of water taps Decreases risks of collecting water Reduces distance to safe water

    Penstock Typically 1/3 of costs


    Material: HDPE Diameter: +/- 600 mm Minimum wall thickness: 16.2 mm Critical shut off time: 0.59 s Thermal Expansion absorbed in bends Supported by 2 m3 anchor blocks every 20 metres Control measures: Gate valve

    Primarily used as

    Potential Contribution
    Local Clinic
    Replace diesel generator Increased comfort attract permanent doctor

    Elementary and Secondary School


    Lighting will allow night classes

    Woodworking Workshop
    Replace diesel generator Allows for economically competitive production

    Local Businesses and Villagers


    New opportunities (e.g. Mobile phone charging, sewing workshop etc.)

    Integration with irrigation and water supply projects


    Use of mechanical power to power pump use existing canals

    Financial Viability
    Total cost approx. 45,000 Return on investment not realistic
    Rely on charity sponsorship for start up costs

    Maintenance cost of 50 per kW


    Annual cost: 2,305 Funded through woodworking workshop tariff fees 9 per day or 0.05 per kWh

    Conclusions
    Power Requirement: 45.83 kW Turbine: L-1 Penstock: estimated 51 metres HDPE, 600 mm diameter Cost: 45,000 + annual maintenance fees (50 per kW)

    Implementation of a micro-hydro scheme is viable


    In comparison with diesel generator it is far more sustainable Would provide an opportunity for development and improvement to quality of life

    What happens next?


    Technical visit over the summer
    June or September Aim is to develop project to the next phase

    Source equipment suppliers Complete arrangements with local government Apply for bursaries/fundraise Commence construction July 2010

    Thank you for listening

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