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    2-VLD IC History

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    brincy
    The document provides a history of VLSI design and integrated circuits from their origins in the 1950s to recent developments. It notes key milestones like the first integrated circuit created by Jack Kilby in 1958. Moore's Law is discussed, which found transistor counts doubling every two years. Many historic microprocessors are mentioned from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium 4 in 2003. The summary states that Moore's Law continues to hold and technology has progressed from SSI to current SoC and nanotechnology eras.

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    2-VLD IC History

    Uploaded by

    brincy
    63 views7 pages
    The document provides a history of VLSI design and integrated circuits from their origins in the 1950s to recent developments. It notes key milestones like the first integrated circuit created by Jack Kilby in 1958. Moore's Law is discussed, which found transistor counts doubling every two years. Many historic microprocessors are mentioned from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium 4 in 2003. The summary states that Moore's Law continues to hold and technology has progressed from SSI to current SoC and nanotechnology eras.

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    VLSI

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    The document provides a history of VLSI design and integrated circuits from their origins in the 1950s to recent developments. It notes key milestones like the first integrated circuit created by Jack Kilby in 1958. Moore's Law is discussed, which found transistor counts doubling every two years. Many historic microprocessors are mentioned from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium 4 in 2003. The summary states that Moore's Law continues to hold and technology has progressed from SSI to current SoC and nanotechnology eras.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    63 views7 pages

    2-VLD IC History

    Uploaded by

    brincy
    The document provides a history of VLSI design and integrated circuits from their origins in the 1950s to recent developments. It notes key milestones like the first integrated circuit created by Jack Kilby in 1958. Moore's Law is discussed, which found transistor counts doubling every two years. Many historic microprocessors are mentioned from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium 4 in 2003. The summary states that Moore's Law continues to hold and technology has progressed from SSI to current SoC and nanotechnology eras.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    VLSI dan Perancangan Logika

    Outline

    Lecture 1 IC History

    History of VLSI Design Summary

    Mohammad. Syafrudin

    Op-Amp Vacuum Tube


    KW-2 Tube General Purpose Op-Amp. First introduced in 1948

    Vacuum Tubes: Large, expensive, powerpower-hungry, unreliable

    A Brief History
    1958: First integrated circuit
    Flip-flop using two transistors Built by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments

    Annual Sales
    1018 transistors manufactured in 2003
    100 million for every human on the planet
    Global Semiconductor Billings (Billions of US$)
    200

    2003
    Intel Pentium 4 processor (55 million transistors) 512 Mbit DRAM (> 0.5 billion transistors)
    150

    53% compound annual growth rate over 45 years


    No other technology has grown so fast so long

    100

    50

    Driven by miniaturization of transistors


    Smaller is cheaper, faster, lower in power Revolutionary effects on society

    0 1982

    1984

    1986

    1988

    1990

    1992

    1994

    1996

    1998

    2000

    2002

    Year

    Transistor Types
    Bipolar Transistors
    npn or pnp silicon structure Small current into very thin base layer controls large currents between emitter and collector Base currents limit integration density

    Moores Law
    1965: Gordon Moore plotted transistor on each chip
    Fit straight line on semilog scale Transistor counts have doubled every 26 months

    Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors


    nMOS and pMOS MOSFETS Voltage applied to insulated gate controls current between source and drain Low power allows very high integration

    Moores Law
    1,000,000,000 100,000,000 Pentium 4 PentiumIII PentiumII PentiumPro Pentium

    Moores Law
    Integration Levels SSI MSI LSI : 10 gates : 1000 gates : 10,000 gates

    10,000,000

    10,000

    Transistors
    1,000

    1,000,000 Intel386 100,000 8086 10,000 8008 4004 1,000 8080 80286

    Intel486

    VLSI : > 10k gates

    Corollaries
    Many other factors grow exponentially
    1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

    1970

    1975

    Ex: clock frequency, processor performance

    Year

    Birth of Modern Electronics -- 1947


    4004 8008 8080

    AT&T Bell Laboratories -- Invention of Point Contact Transistor William Shockley, Walter Brittain, and John Bardeen Winners of the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics

    Clock Speed (MHz)

    100

    8086 80286 Intel386

    10

    Intel486 Pentium Pentium Pro/II/III

    Pentium 4

    1970

    1975

    1980

    1985

    1990

    1995

    2000

    2005

    Year

    Idea of FET
    Original idea of FET/MOSFET
    Julius Lilienfield, German Scientist, in 1925 [US patent 1.745.175] Oskar Heil, in 1935 [British patent 439,457]

    Solid-State Electronics Goes Commercial -- 1950


    AT&T Bell Laboratories -- Junction Transistor

    Microelectronic Revolution -- 1958


    The First Integrated Circuit Jack Kilby, Texas Instruments 1 Transistor and 4 Other Devices on 1 Chip Winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize

    The Planar Process -- 1959


    A More Efficient Way to Make Transistors Fairchild Electronics -- Jean Hoerni and Robert Noyce The Company still exists!

    First Commercial Planar IC


    Fairchild -- One Binary Digital (Bit) Memory Device on a Chip 4 Transistors and 5 Resistors START OF SMALL SCALE INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY

    A New Form of Transistor -- 1962


    Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Radio Corporation of America (RCA) Sarnoff Laboratories

    First Linear IC -- 1964


    The A 702 OPAMP Fairchild

    A Semiconductor Best-Seller -- 1965


    A709 Operational Amplifier, Fairchild

    First IC Created with Computer-Aided Design -- 1967


    MOSAIC Fairchild

    First 1.024 Bit Memory Chip -- 1970


    Intel Corporation DRAM 1970s processes
    usually had only nMOS transistors Inexpensive, but consume power while idle 1980s1980s-present: CMOS processes for low idle power

    First 256-Bit Static RAM -- 1970


    The Fairchild 4100

    New Image Sensing Method -- 1970


    First 8-bit Charge-Coupled Device, Bell Laboratories

    First EPROM -- 1971


    The INTEL 1702

    Birth of the Microprocessor -- 1971


    The Intel 4004 2,300 Transistors THE FIRST COMPUTER ON A SINGLE CHIP
    BEGINNING OF LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY

    1st General-Purpose Microprocessor, 1974


    8-Bit Intel 8080, Intel Corporation 4,500 Transistors

    Most Widely Used Computer on a Chip


    The TMS 1000 1974,Texas Instruments

    Driver of the Late 1970s Minicomputer Revolution -- 1975


    Advanced Micro Devices 2901 BIT-SLICE MICROPROCESSOR WELL INTO THE MEDIUM SCALE INTEGRATION ERA

    Popular PC Processor -- 1975


    Synertek 6502

    1st 65,536 Bit Dynamic Memory Chip -- 1977


    IBM Corporation

    One of the Most Powerful 16-Bit Microprocessors Motorola 68000 -- 1979


    WELL INTO THE LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION ERA

    Synchronizing Data Transfer -- 1980


    Advanced Micro Devices AM2964 Dynamic Memory Controller

    1st 294.912 Bit Dynamic RAM Memory, 1981


    IBM Corporation

    A Very Early 32-Bit Microprocessor, 1981


    The HP Focus Chip, Hewlett-Packard Co., 450,000 Transistors
    THE VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ERA BEGINS

    Intel Pentium Processor -- 1993


    4 million transistors

    Intel Pentium 4 Processor -- 2003


    55 million transistors

    Gate Array, Semi-Custom, and Full-Custom ICs


    VLSI Technology Gate Array

    Chip Area Ratios: 3:2:1

    Standard Cell

    Full Custom

    Summary
    Moores Law continues to hold
    Transistor count doubles every 26 months Microprocessor clock rates double every 34 months

    Progressed through SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI, ULSI, System-on-a-Chip (SoC) eras Now in System-on-a-Package (SIP) era Nanotechnology era has begun (features smaller than 100 nanometers)

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