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    The document discusses different types of errors that can occur when making measurements, including systematic and random errors. It provides examples of sources of each type of error and how random errors can be reduced by taking the mean of repeated measurements. The document also covers the concepts of accuracy, precision, consistency and sensitivity as they relate to measuring instruments.

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    Pdfa1 4

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    655 views1 page
    The document discusses different types of errors that can occur when making measurements, including systematic and random errors. It provides examples of sources of each type of error and how random errors can be reduced by taking the mean of repeated measurements. The document also covers the concepts of accuracy, precision, consistency and sensitivity as they relate to measuring instruments.

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    The document discusses different types of errors that can occur when making measurements, including systematic and random errors. It provides examples of sources of each type of error and how random errors can be reduced by taking the mean of repeated measurements. The document also covers the concepts of accuracy, precision, consistency and sensitivity as they relate to measuring instruments.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    655 views1 page

    Pdfa1 4

    Uploaded by

    aizat
    The document discusses different types of errors that can occur when making measurements, including systematic and random errors. It provides examples of sources of each type of error and how random errors can be reduced by taking the mean of repeated measurements. The document also covers the concepts of accuracy, precision, consistency and sensitivity as they relate to measuring instruments.

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    Chapter 1

    Transparency
    4
    Introduction To Physics

    Measurements ( II )
    Systematic Error Random Error
    Errors arise in one direction only i.e. either Size of error is not constant and
    consistently too high (always positive) or unpredictable. The distribution of readings
    too low (always negative) from the actual is sometimes positive and sometimes
    value. negative from the actual value.
    Sources: Sources:
    • Zero error of instruments • Parallax error
    • Incorrectly calibrated scale • Changes in the surroundings
    • Repeated error in reaction time Note: Random errors can be reduced
    • Wrong assumption by taking the mean value of
    Zero is above repeated measurements.
    Horizontal line horizontal line
    Wrong
    reading
    0
    Meniscus Correct
    45 reading
    mm
    40
    Wrong
    Mercury reading
    Systematic error in micrometer screw
    gauge reading Parallax error in thermometer reading

    Accuracy And Consistency Sensitivity


    Measuring Smallest Sensitivity
    Instrument Division
    Target
    (cm)
    Position
    of arrow Ruler 0.1 Low
    Precise but Accurate but Vernier
    0.01 Medium
    less accurate less precise calipers
    Micrometer
    screw gauge 0.001 High

    The micrometer screw gauge is more


    sensitive than vernier calipers because
    Accurate and Not accurate and it can detect smaller changes in
    precise not precise measurement.
    Distribution of gunshots on a target

    © Marshall Cavendish ( Malaysia ) Sdn. Bhd.

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