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    Number Theory: Elliptic Curves (M4P32, M5P32), Problem Sheet 1

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    sticker592
    1. The document provides problems related to number theory and elliptic curves. It covers topics like maps between projective spaces, singular points on algebraic curves, and factoring polynomials. 2. It asks the reader to verify properties of singular points under maps between affine and projective spaces. It also provides polynomial equations and asks the reader to find their singular points and rational solutions. 3. Questions are asked about Bézout's theorem, factoring polynomials related to singular points, and showing that a degree 3 polynomial does not factor despite having a singular point.

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    Number Theory: Elliptic Curves (M4P32, M5P32), Problem Sheet 1

    Uploaded by

    sticker592
    36 views2 pages
    1. The document provides problems related to number theory and elliptic curves. It covers topics like maps between projective spaces, singular points on algebraic curves, and factoring polynomials. 2. It asks the reader to verify properties of singular points under maps between affine and projective spaces. It also provides polynomial equations and asks the reader to find their singular points and rational solutions. 3. Questions are asked about Bézout's theorem, factoring polynomials related to singular points, and showing that a degree 3 polynomial does not factor despite having a singular point.

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    1. The document provides problems related to number theory and elliptic curves. It covers topics like maps between projective spaces, singular points on algebraic curves, and factoring polynomials. 2. It asks the reader to verify properties of singular points under maps between affine and projective spaces. It also provides polynomial equations and asks the reader to find their singular points and rational solutions. 3. Questions are asked about Bézout's theorem, factoring polynomials related to singular points, and showing that a degree 3 polynomial does not factor despite having a singular point.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views2 pages

    Number Theory: Elliptic Curves (M4P32, M5P32), Problem Sheet 1

    Uploaded by

    sticker592
    1. The document provides problems related to number theory and elliptic curves. It covers topics like maps between projective spaces, singular points on algebraic curves, and factoring polynomials. 2. It asks the reader to verify properties of singular points under maps between affine and projective spaces. It also provides polynomial equations and asks the reader to find their singular points and rational solutions. 3. Questions are asked about Bézout's theorem, factoring polynomials related to singular points, and showing that a degree 3 polynomial does not factor despite having a singular point.

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    Number Theory: Elliptic Curves (M4P32, M5P32), Problem Sheet 1


    1) Let k be a eld, and x n 1. For i with 1 i n+1, let i : k n Pn (k ) be the maps (a1 , a2 , . . . , an ) [a1 : a2 : . . . : ai1 : 1 : ai : ai+1 : . . . : an ], as in lectures. a) Write down an injective map i : Pn1 (k ) Pn (k ) (make sure its welldened) with the property that Pn (k ) is the disjoint union of the images of i and i (hint: given [y1 : y2 : . . . : yn ] in Pn1 (k ), insert a zero in the appropriate place). b) Check that the union of i (k n ) for 1 i n + 1 is equal to all of Pn (k ). c) Find a point of Pn (k ) which isnt in i (k n ) for 1 i n. Can you nd another one? 2) For each of the polynomials f C[x, y ] below, work out all the singular points on the graph f = 0 in C2 (dont worry about points at innity). (i) f (x, y ) = y x2 (ii) f (x, y ) = y 2 x2 (iii) f (x, y ) = (3y 7x + 6)2 (iv) f (x, y ) = y 2 x3 (v) f (x, y ) = y 2 x2 (x + 1) (vi) f (x, y ) = y 2 x4 1 Now re-do part (vi) with the base eld equal to the eld with two elements. Note that the answer is quite dierent! 3) Back to K = C. Let f (x, y ) = y 2 x4 1 and let F (X, Y, Z ) denote its homogenisation. i) Check that P := [0 : 1 : 0] P2 (C) satises F (P ) = 0. ii) Check that P is a singular point on the curve F = 0. Hint: this is a point at innity, so one has to use a i other than 3 . Only one of the other two choices works; for this choice, dehomogenise and do the calculation in the corresponding ane space. 4) Let F k [X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn+1 ] be homogeneous and let f = F (x1 , x2 , . . . , xi1 , 1, xi , xi+1 , . . . , xn ) be a dehomogenisation of F . Assume f = 0. Let P An (k ) be a point on the graph f = 0 and let Q Pn (k ) denote i (P ). Prove that P is a singular point on f = 0 if and only if Q is a singular point on F = 0. Hence the two notions of singularity I gave in lectures coincide, when they both make sense. 5) Verify B ezouts theorem, to the extent that this is possible without a denition of multiplicity, for the following pairs of examples (let the ground eld be the complex numbers) i) f = x 2y , g = x2 y 2 ii) f = x y , g = x2 + y 2 iii) f = x y , g = x y 1 iv) f = y 2 x3 + 1, g = x 1

    6) Use the draw a line through a known point trick, common sense and, if possible, factoring, to nd all rational a, b such that f (a, b) = 0, where f (x, y ) are the polynomials below: (i) f (x, y ) = x2 + xy + y 2 3 (hint: x = y = 1 is a solution) (ii) f (x, y ) = x2 + xy + 3x (iii) f (x, y ) = x2 + x + y 2 + 2y (hint: x = y = 0 is a solution) (iv) f (x, y ) = x2 + y 2 (v) f (x, y ) = x2 4xy + 4y 2 (vi) f (x, y ) = y 2 2x2 7) (i) Let g (x) be a polynomial in C[x]. Prove, by equating coecients of powers of y , that if the polynomial f (x, y ) = y 2 g (x) factors as f (x, y ) = (ay + p(x))(by + q (x)) with a, b C and p(x), q (x) C[x], then g (x) must be a square in C[x]. (ii) Prove that the polynomial y 2 x is a polynomial of degree 2 over C which does not factor over C into two polynomials of degree 1, even though C is algebraically closed. 8) I proved in lectures (or will prove in lectures, depending on when you are reading this) that if a conic has a singular point then it factors into two linear factors. Show that the corresponding result is false for polynomials of degree 3, by checking that f (x, y ) = y 2 x3 has a singular point but is an irreducible element of C[x, y ]. Hint: if it were to factor then consider, not the usual notion of degree, but the degrees of the factors when considered as polynomials over y only. Now use Q7.

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