Order this document by LM324/D

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, Quad Low Power Operational Amplifiers

The LM324 series are lowcost, quad operational amplifiers with true differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as high as 32 V with quiescent currents about onefifth of those associated with the MC1741 (on a per amplifier basis). The common mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the necessity for external biasing components in many applications. The output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage. Short Circuited Protected Outputs

LM2902V

QUAD DIFFERENTIAL INPUT OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA

True Differential Input Stage Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A) Four Amplifiers Per Package Internally Compensated Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply Industry Standard Pinouts ESD Clamps on the Inputs Increase Ruggedness without Affecting Device Operation
14 1 14 1

N SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 646 (LM224, LM324, LM2902 Only)

D SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751A (SO14)

PIN CONNECTIONS
Out 1 Inputs 1
1 2 14

Out 4 Inputs 4

MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = + 25C, unless otherwise noted.)

Rating Power Supply Voltages Single Supply Split Supplies Input Differential Voltage Range (See Note 1) Input Common Mode Voltage Range Output Short Circuit Duration Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range Operating Ambient Temperature Range
NOTE: 1. Split Power Supplies.

*1 ) )2 *

* ) ) *

13 12 11 10 9 8

Symbol VCC VCC, VEE VIDR

LM224 LM324, LM324A 32 16 32

LM2902, LM2902V 26 13 26

VCC Unit Vdc Inputs 2

4 5 6

VEE, Gnd Inputs 3 Out 3

Out 2 Vdc

(Top View)

VICR tSC TJ Tstg TA

0.3 to 32

0.3 to 26

Vdc

ORDERING INFORMATION
Device LM2902D LM2902N LM2902VD LM2902VN LM224D LM224N LM324AD LM324AN LM324D LM324N Operating Temperature Range TA = 40 to +105C TA = 40 to +125C TA = 25 to +85C Package SO14 Plastic DIP SO14 Plastic DIP SO14 Plastic DIP SO14 Plastic DIP SO14 Plastic DIP
Rev 3

Continuous 150 65 to +150 25 to +85 0 to +70 40 to +105 40 to +125 C C C

TA = 0 to +70C

Motorola, Inc. 1996

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = Gnd, TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted.)
LM224 Characteristics Input Offset Voltage VCC = 5.0 V to 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V), VICR = 0 V to VCC 1.7 V, VO = 1.4 V, RS = 0 TA = 25C TA = Thigh(1) TA = Tlow(1) Average Temperature Coefficient of Input Offset Voltage TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) Input Offset Current TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) Average Temperature Coefficient of Input Offset Current TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) Input Bias Current TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) Input Common Mode Voltage Range(2) VCC = 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V) VCC = 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V), TA = Thigh to Tlow Differential Input Voltage Range Large Signal Open Loop Voltage Gain RL = 2.0 k, VCC = 15 V, for Large VO Swing, TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) Channel Separation 10 kHz f 20 kHz, Input Referenced Common Mode Rejection, RS 10 k Power Supply Rejection Output Voltage High Limit (TA = Thigh to Tlow)(1) VCC = 5.0 V, RL = 2.0 k, TA = 25C VCC = 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V), RL = 2.0 k VCC = 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V), RL = 10 k CS VIDR AVOL 50 25 100 25 15 100 25 15 100 25 15 100 25 15 100 Symbol VIO Min Typ Max Min LM324A Typ Max Min LM324 Typ Max Min LM2902 Typ Max Min LM2902V Typ Max Unit mV

VIO/T

2.0 7.0

5.0 7.0 7.0

2.0 7.0

3.0 5.0 5.0 30

2.0 7.0

7.0 9.0 9.0

2.0 7.0

7.0 10 10

2.0 7.0

7.0 13 10 V/C

IIO IIO/T

3.0 10

30 100

5.0 10

30 75 300

5.0 10

50 150

5.0 10

50 200

5.0 10

50 200

nA pA/C

IIB VICR

90

150 300

45

100 200

90

250 500

90

250 500

90

250 500

nA V

0 0

28.3 28

0 0

28.3 28

0 0

28.3 28

0 0

24.3 24

0 0

24.3 24

VCC

VCC

VCC

VCC

VCC

V V/mV

120

120

120

120

120

dB

CMR PSR VOH

70 65

85 100

65 65

70 100

65 65

70 100

50 50

70 100

50 50

70 100

dB dB V

3.3 26

3.5

3.3 26

3.5

3.3 26

3.5

3.3 22

3.5

3.3 22

3.5

27

28

27

28

27

28

23

24

23

24

NOTES: 1. Tlow = 25C for LM224 Thigh = +85C for LM224 = 0C for LM324, A = +70C for LM324, A = 40C for LM2902 = +105C for LM2902 = 40C for LM2902V = +125C for LM2902V 2. The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of the common mode voltage range is VCC 1.7 V.

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = Gnd, TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted.)
LM224 Characteristics Output Voltage Low Limit, VCC = 5.0 V, RL = 10 k, TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) Output Source Current (VID = +1.0 V, VCC = 15 V) TA = 25C TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) Output Sink Current (VID = 1.0 V, VCC = 15 V) TA = 25C TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) (VID = 1.0 V, VO = 200 mV, TA = 25C) Output Short Circuit to Ground(3) Power Supply Current (TA = Thigh to Tlow)(1) VCC = 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V), VO = 0 V, RL = VCC = 5.0 V, VO = 0 V, RL = IO 10 5.0 12 20 8.0 50 10 5.0 12 20 8.0 50 10 5.0 12 20 8.0 50 10 5.0 20 8.0 10 5.0 20 8.0 A Symbol VOL Min Typ 5.0 Max 20 Min LM324A Typ 5.0 Max 20 Min LM324 Typ 5.0 Max 20 Min LM2902 Typ 5.0 Max 100 Min LM2902V Typ 5.0 Max 100 Unit mV

IO +

mA

20 10

40 20

20 10

40 20

20 10

40 20

20 10

40 20

20 10

40 20

mA

ISC ICC

40

60

40

60

40

60

40

60

40

60

mA mA

3.0

1.4

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

1.2

0.7

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

NOTES: 1. Tlow = 25C for LM224 Thigh = +85C for LM224 = 0C for LM324, A = +70C for LM324, A = 40C for LM2902 = +105C for LM2902 = 40C for LM2902V = +125C for LM2902V 2. The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of the common mode voltage range is VCC 1.7 V.

Representative Circuit Diagram (OneFourth of Circuit Shown)

Output Q15 Q16 Q14 Q13 Q19 5.0 pF 40 k Q12 25 + Q18 Inputs Q9 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q17 Q21 Q6 Q5 Q8 Q26 Q10 2.0 k Q7 Q1 Q20 Q11

Bias Circuitry Common to Four Amplifiers VCC Q22

Q24 Q23

Q25 2.4 k

VEE/Gnd

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The LM324 series is made using four internally compensated, twostage operational amplifiers. The first stage of each consists of differential input devices Q20 and Q18 with input buffer transistors Q21 and Q17 and the differential to single ended converter Q3 and Q4. The first stage performs not only the first stage gain function but also performs the level shifting and transconductance reduction functions. By reducing the transconductance, a smaller compensation capacitor (only 5.0 pF) can be employed, thus saving chip area. The transconductance reduction is accomplished by splitting the collectors of Q20 and Q18. Another feature of this input stage is that the input common mode range can include the negative supply or ground, in single supply operation, without saturating either the input devices or the differential to singleended converter. The second stage consists of a standard current source load amplifier stage. Large Signal Voltage Follower Response
VCC = 15 Vdc RL = 2.0 k TA = 25C 1.0 V/DIV

5.0 s/DIV

Each amplifier is biased from an internalvoltage regulator which has a low temperature coefficient thus giving each amplifier good temperature characteristics as well as excellent power supply rejection.

Single Supply
3.0 V to VCC(max) 1 2 3 4 VEE VEE/Gnd VCC VCC 1 2 3 4

Split Supplies

1.5 V to VCC(max)

1.5 V to VEE(max)

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

Figure 1. Input Voltage Range
20 A VOL , LARGESIGNAL OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 18 V , INPUT VOLTAGE (V) I 16 14 12 10 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 Negative Positive 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20 1.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M VCC/VEE, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGES (V) f, FREQUENCY (Hz) VCC = 15 V VEE = Gnd TA = 25C

Figure 2. Open Loop Frequency

Figure 3. LargeSignal Frequency Response

14 VOR , OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (V pp ) VO , OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mV) 12 10 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 1.0 10 100 1000 RL = 2.0 k VCC = 15 V VEE = Gnd Gain = 100 RI = 1.0 k RF = 100 k 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 0 0

Figure 4. SmallSignal Voltage Follower Pulse Response (Noninverting)

Input Output

VCC = 30 V VEE = Gnd TA = 25C CL = 50 pF 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 t, TIME (s) 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

f, FREQUENCY (kHz)

Figure 5. Power Supply Current versus Power Supply Voltage

2.4 ICC , POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 30 35 I IB , INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA) TA = 25C RL =

Figure 6. Input Bias Current versus Power Supply Voltage

90

80

70

2.0

4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

18

20

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

Figure 7. Voltage Reference
R1 VCC VCC
1/4

Figure 8. Wien Bridge Oscillator

50 k

R2

5.0 k 10 k VO Vref
1/4

VCC VO 1 fo = 2 RC C For: fo = 1.0 kHz R = 16 k C = 0.01 F

MC1403 2.5 V

LM324 +

LM324 + 1 Vref = VCC 2

VO = 2.5 V

1+

R1 R2

R C

Figure 9. High Impedance Differential Amplifier

e1 +
1/4

Figure 10. Comparator with Hysteresis

R2 Hysteresis R1 VOH VO
1/4

1 CR

LM324 a R1
1/4

R1

LM324 + b R1
1/4

eo

Vref Vin

+ LM324 VO

1 CR R

VOL

VinL

VinH

e2

LM324 +

R1 (V V ) + Vref VinL = R1 + R2 OL ref R1 (V V ) + Vref VinH = R1 + R2 OH ref H= R1 (V V ) R1 + R2 OH OL

Vref

eo = C (1 + a + b) (e2 e1)

Figure 11. BiQuad Filter

R R Vin C1 R2 C R
1/4

100 k C 100 k
1/4

1 fo = 2 RC R1 = QR R1 R2 = TBP R3 = TN R2 C1 = 10C For: For: For: For: fo = 1.0 kHz Q = 10 TBP = 1 TN = 1 R C R1 R2 R3 = 160 k = 0.001 F = 1.6 M = 1.6 M = 1.6 M 1 Vref = VCC 2

1/4

LM324 + Vref Bandpass Output R2 R1

LM324 + Vref

LM324 + R3
1/4

Vref

C1 Notch Output

LM324 + Vref

Where: TBP = Center Frequency Gain Where: TN = Passband Notch Gain

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

Figure 12. Function Generator
1 Vref = VCC 2 Vref +
1/4

Figure 13. Multiple Feedback Bandpass Filter

VCC C Vin R1 C R3 LM324 + Vref 1 Vref = 2 VCC
1/4

Triangle Wave Output R3 75 k R1 100 k Vref Rf f = R1 + RC 4 CRf R1 if R3 = R2 R1 R2 + R1

R2 300 k +
1/4

LM324

CO VO CO = 10 C

LM324

Square Wave Output

R2

Given: fo = center frequency A(fo) = gain at center frequency Choose value fo, C Then: R3 = R1 = R2 = Q fo C R3 2 A(fo) R1 R3 4Q2 R1 R3 Qo fo BW < 0.1

For less than 10% error from operational amplifier, where fo and BW are expressed in Hz.

If source impedance varies, filter may be preceded with voltage follower buffer to stabilize filter parameters.

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
N SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 64606 (LM224, LM324, LM2902 Only) ISSUE L
14 8

B
1 7

NOTES: 1. LEADS WITHIN 0.13 (0.005) RADIUS OF TRUE POSITION AT SEATING PLANE AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. 2. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 3. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 4. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL. DIM A B C D F G H J K L M N INCHES MIN MAX 0.715 0.770 0.240 0.260 0.145 0.185 0.015 0.021 0.040 0.070 0.100 BSC 0.052 0.095 0.008 0.015 0.115 0.135 0.300 BSC 0_ 10_ 0.015 0.039 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 18.16 19.56 6.10 6.60 3.69 4.69 0.38 0.53 1.02 1.78 2.54 BSC 1.32 2.41 0.20 0.38 2.92 3.43 7.62 BSC 0_ 10_ 0.39 1.01

A F C N H G D
SEATING PLANE

J K M

D SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751A03 (SO14) ISSUE F A

14 8

B
1 7

P 7 PL 0.25 (0.010)
M

NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.

G C

R X 45 _

T
SEATING PLANE

D 14 PL 0.25 (0.010)

K
M

M
S

T B

DIM A B C D F G J K M P R

MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.55 8.75 3.80 4.00 1.35 1.75 0.35 0.49 0.40 1.25 1.27 BSC 0.19 0.25 0.10 0.25 0_ 7_ 5.80 6.20 0.25 0.50

INCHES MIN MAX 0.337 0.344 0.150 0.157 0.054 0.068 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.049 0.050 BSC 0.008 0.009 0.004 0.009 0_ 7_ 0.228 0.244 0.010 0.019

Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. Typical parameters which may be provided in Motorola data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including Typicals must be validated for each customer application by customers technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. How to reach us: USA / EUROPE / Locations Not Listed: Motorola Literature Distribution; P.O. Box 20912; Phoenix, Arizona 85036. 18004412447 or 6023035454 MFAX: RMFAX0@email.sps.mot.com TOUCHTONE 6022446609 INTERNET: http://DesignNET.com

JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd.; TatsumiSPDJLDC, 6F SeibuButsuryuCenter, 3142 Tatsumi KotoKu, Tokyo 135, Japan. 038135218315 ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; 8B Tai Ping Industrial Park, 51 Ting Kok Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong. 85226629298

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM324/D

*LM324/D*