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    Global System For Mobile

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    Sourabh Banerjee
    GSM is a global cellular technology that allows for mobile voice and data services. It was developed in 1982 to address fragmentation issues in first-generation cellular networks and uses TDMA and FDMA technologies. GSM is the most widely used cellular standard in the world with over 1 billion subscribers across more than 210 countries. It provides several advantages including robust features, good indoor coverage, ability to use signal boosters, and international roaming capabilities.

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    Global System For Mobile

    Uploaded by

    Sourabh Banerjee
    86 views28 pages
    GSM is a global cellular technology that allows for mobile voice and data services. It was developed in 1982 to address fragmentation issues in first-generation cellular networks and uses TDMA and FDMA technologies. GSM is the most widely used cellular standard in the world with over 1 billion subscribers across more than 210 countries. It provides several advantages including robust features, good indoor coverage, ability to use signal boosters, and international roaming capabilities.

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    Gsm

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    GSM is a global cellular technology that allows for mobile voice and data services. It was developed in 1982 to address fragmentation issues in first-generation cellular networks and uses TDMA and FDMA technologies. GSM is the most widely used cellular standard in the world with over 1 billion subscribers across more than 210 countries. It provides several advantages including robust features, good indoor coverage, ability to use signal boosters, and international roaming capabilities.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    86 views28 pages

    Global System For Mobile

    Uploaded by

    Sourabh Banerjee
    GSM is a global cellular technology that allows for mobile voice and data services. It was developed in 1982 to address fragmentation issues in first-generation cellular networks and uses TDMA and FDMA technologies. GSM is the most widely used cellular standard in the world with over 1 billion subscribers across more than 210 countries. It provides several advantages including robust features, good indoor coverage, ability to use signal boosters, and international roaming capabilities.

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    (Global System for Mobile)

    What is GSM??
    GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication and is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM is a second generation cellular system standard
    Presently GSM support more than one billion mobile subscribers in more than 210 countries throughout of the world. It was developed to solve the fragmentation problem of the first cellular generation It uses an 2G technology

    It started in year 1982 when the European Conference Of Postal & Telecommunication Administration (CEPT) created the Groupe Special Mobile Committee, Paris for digital cellular voice telephony

    Advantages
    GSM is mature, this maturity means a more stable network with robust features Less signal deterioration inside buildings

    Ability to use repeaters


    Talk time is generally higher in GSM phones due to the pulse nature of transmission The availability of subscriber Identity Modules allow users to switch networks and handsets at will GSM covers virtually all parts of the world so international roaming is not a problem

    Disadvantages
    Pulse nature of TDMA transmission used in 2G interferes with some electronics , especially certain audio amplifiers. Intellectual property is concentrated among a few industry participants , creating barriers to entry for new entrants and limiting competition among phone manufacturers GSM has a fixed maximum cell site range of 35 km, which is imposed by technical limitation.

    Two main standards


    GSM 900- designed for extensive radio coverage in rural areas DCS 1800- designed for radio coverage in areas with very high subscribers density

    Frequency Details
    Frequency Range

    GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM 1900

    880-915 MHZ paired with 925-960 MHZ 1710-1785 MHZ paired with 1805-1880 MHZ 1850-1910 MHZ paired with 1930-1990 MHZ

    1995-coverage of rural areas

    1982GSM formed

    1993-coverage of main roads

    1986Field test

    1992-coverage of larger cities /airports

    1987-TDMA chosen as access method

    1991-commercial system start-up

    1988-memorandum of understanding signed 1989validation of GSM system

    1990-pre-operation system

    Applications:
    Standardized digital telecommunication (mobile phones), Home automation which includes GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) modems, GSM terminals, GPRS amalgamation, GSM security, GSM remote monitoring Test equipment for dangerous environments in telemetry (for both protection of the personnel and accuracy of data collected).

    Application of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is dependent upon its frequency.

    GSM indicator

    Industrial Applications

    Over all industrial application

    GPRS applications for electric utilities

    Data Transfer in GSM


    It uses FDMA and TDMA technology

    25 MHZ bandwidth is used which is divided into 124 carrier frequency of 200 KHZ
    Now each carrier frequency is divided in time slot One time slot is used for transmission by the mobile & other slot for reception

    Frequency Band :
    UPLINK DOWNLINK933-960 MHZ 890-915 MHZ

    GSM Architecture

    GSM Call Flow


    Initialization of Mobile Station Find GSM signal Check beacon frequency Synchronization of frequency Synchronization of time Network and cell information acquisition Beacon signal is basically base frequency signal

    Parts Of GSM Network


    Gsm consists of four parts Mobile Station MS Base station system BSS Base switching Centre Base Transceiver station Networking Switching area

    Operating Support subsystem

    Resistors In OSSs
    Visitors Location Resistors (VLR) Home Location Resistors ( HLR)

    Authentication Centre (AUC)


    Equipment Identity Resistor (EIR)

    FDMA (frequency division multiple access) is the division of the frequency band allocated for wireless cellular telephone communication into 30 channels
    Each of which can carry a voice conversation or, with digital service, carry digital data.

    FDMA

    FDMA is a basic technology in the analog Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
    With FDMA, each channel can be assigned to only one user at a time. FDMA is also used in the Total Access Communication System (TACS)

    TDMA
    Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) improves spectrum capacity by splitting each frequency into time slots. TDMA allows each user to access the entire radio frequency channel for the short period of a call. Other users share this same frequency channel at different time slots. The base station continually switches from user to user on the channel.

    TDMA is the dominant technology for the second generation mobile cellular networks. Networks using TDMA assign 6 timeslots for each frequency channel.
    Devices using the wireless network send bursts of information that are reassembled at the receiving end. TDMA builds on FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) by dividing conversations by frequency and time

    CDMA
    Short for Code-Division Multiple Access, a digital cellular technology that uses spreadspectrum techniques. Each user is assigned a unique PIN code

    Each user transmits its information by spreading with unique code


    Direct Sequence spread spectrum is used Users are separated by code not by time slot & frequency slot Users share same bandwidth User axis shows cumulative signal strength of all users

    All users share the same frequency all the time


    To pick out the signal of specific user, this signal is modulated with a unique code sequence.

    Comparison of FDMA, TDMA & CDMA

    Difference between GSM and CDMA


    PARAMETER Stands for: Storage Type: Global Share Market : Dominance: Data transfer: CDMA Code Division Multiple Access Internal Memory 25% Dominant standard in the U.S. Faster on EVDO platform which is applicable in CDMA only There is one physical channel and a special code for every device in the coverage network. Using this code, the signal of the device is multiplexed, and the same physical channel is used to send the signal GSM Global System for Mobile communication SIM (subscriber identity module) Card 75% Dominant standard worldwide except the U.S. GPRS is again very slow forward

    Network:

    Every cell has a corresponding network tower, which serves the mobile phones in that cellular area

    Feature Technology Generation

    GSM

    UMTS (3GSM)

    IS-95 (CDMA one) CDMA 2G

    IS-2000 (CDMA 2000) CDMA 3G

    TDMA and FDMA W-CDMA 2G 3G

    Encoding
    Year of First Use Roaming

    Digital
    1991 Worldwide, all countries except Japan and South Korea SIM card

    Digital
    2001 Worldwide

    Digital
    1995 Limited

    Digital
    2000 / 2002 Limited

    Handset interoperability Common Interference Signal quality/coverage area

    SIM card

    None

    RUIM (rarely used)

    Some electronics, e.g. amplifiers


    Good coverage indoors on 850/900 MHz

    None

    None

    None

    Smaller cells and lower indoors coverage on

    Unlimited cell size, low transmitter

    Unlimited cell size, low transmitter

    Terminologies Related With GSM


    IMEI : International Mobile station Equipment Identity It is a serial number for device

    Stored in EIR (Equipment Identity Register)


    Parts of IMEI : Type approval code (TAC) Final Assembly Code (FAC Serial Number (SNR) Spare (SP) - 6 digit -6 digit -6 digit - 1 digit

    SIM : Subscriber Identity Module It contains -Mobile Country Code ( MCC) Mobile Network Code (MNC) - 3 digit - 2 digit

    Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (MSIN)


    Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (Mobile Number)

    - 10 digit

    It consists of Country Code


    National Destination Code Subscriber Number Current number

    Location Area Identity

    Gives information about- Location Area of PLMN ()


    Consist of - Country Code Mobile Network Code Location Area code

    TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

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